SANTRAUKA Narkomanija – opi ir sunkiai išsprendžiama visuomenės problema, kurios sprendimui būtini įvairūs tyrimai ir analizė. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas narkomano kelias nuo pirmosios dozės iki apsisprendimo gyventi be narkotikų. Siekiant išsamiai atskleisti šį kelią, darbe aptariamos pagrindinės narkotinių medžiagų savybės, remiantis įvairių autorių požiūriais perteikiama narkomanijos samprata, ją sąlygojantys veiksniai, analizuojami subkultūros bruožai ir atskleidžiama narkomanijos prevencijos reikšmė. Narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas nėra priimtina ir toleruojama elgesio norma, todėl narkomanija traktuojama kaip deviacija, o narkotikų vartojimas suvokiamas kaip elgesys, laužantis standartus ir griaunantis bendrumo jausmą visuomenėje. Narkomanai suvokiami kaip nuo konvencionalių normų nukrypę visuomenės nariai, kurie stigmatizuojami, jiems priskiriamos etiketės, kurios nenulipdomos ir gyvenant be narkotikų. Etikečių klijavimas formuoja diskomfortą, didina paženklintųjų atskirtį, mažina resocializacijos efektyvumą. Darbe taip pat apžvelgiami narkomanijos aspektai Lietuvoje. Empirinėje darbo dalyje remiantis David Matza neutralizacijos ir dreifo teorija analizuojami kokybinio tyrimo rezultatai, gauti apklausus į narkomaniją įsitraukusius (vartojančius, praeityje vartojusius) asmenis ir su jais dirbančius ekspertus. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, galima teigti, kad narkomanija- blogąja linkme žmogaus gyvenimą keičiantis reiškinys, kuris įtakoja nerealaus gyvenimo su iškreiptu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY Drug addiction is a sore problem. Various researches and analyses are needed to solve it. The way of drug addict from the first dose till the decision to live without drugs is analyzed in this master work. In order to reveal the way, the main characteristics of drugs, the different author’s views explaining the phenomenon of drug addiction, the main features of the subculture, and the mean of the prevention are discussed. Drug addiction is not an acceptable way of behavior, so the addiction is understood as deviance. Drug use is indicated as the form of behavior, that destroys the standards of the population and the feeling of community. Drug addicts are defined as the members of population, that are deviated from the conventional norms. They are stigmatized and labeled even when not using drugs. The fact of being labeled creates the feeling of discomfort and makes the resocialization less effective. What is more, the main aspects of drug addiction in Lithuania is discussed. According the Neutralization and drift theory of David Matza, the qualitative research results are discussed in the empirical part of the work. The people who use drugs or used them in the past and the experts of drug addiction were questioned using half- structured interview method. According to the research results, drug addiction is the phenomenon that makes person’s life worse. Drug addiction creates unreal life with distorted point of view. Drug users belong to the subculture with unique... [to full text]

NARKOTIKŲ VARTOTOJŲ ILGALAIKIS NEDARBAS IR SOCIALINĖ ATSKIRTIS. KLAIPĖDA, 2000 - 2008 M. SANTRAUKA Narkomanija – ypatingai aktuali problema Klaipėdos uostamiestyje. Apžvelgiant 2000 - 2008 metus, šiame mieste registruojamas narkotikų vartotojų skaičius nuo 2000 - ųjų m. vis didėjo ir būtina pažymėti, kad ŽIV paplitimo rodiklis 2008 m. lyginant Lietuvos miestus buvo didžiausias. Priklausomybė nuo psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų nulemia daugelį ne tik medicininių, bet ir psichologinių bei socialinių problemų. Silpni ryšiai su artimaisiais, neigiamas visuomenės požiūris į šiuos asmenis, nedarbas, išsilavinimo stoka, socialinio pobūdžio problemos – tai priežastys, dažniausiai lemiančios asmenų, priklausomų nuo narkotinių medžiagų socialinę atskirtį. Siekiant išvengti narkomanijos sukeliamų padarinių, būtina suteikti sąlygas šiems žmonėms pasveikti ir sugrįžti į pilnavertį gyvenimą. Todėl šiuo magistro darbu buvo siekta atskleisti veiksnius, lemiančius narkotikų vartotojų socialinę atskirtį bei jų integracijos į visuomenę galimybes Klaipėdoje. Tuo tikslu buvo iškelta darbo tezė ir dvi hipotezės. Darbo tezė: pagrindiniai veiksniai, lemiantys narkotikų vartotojų socialinę atskirtį Klaipėdoje yra ilgalaikis nedarbas, finansinės, kriminalinės, nakvynės, sveikatos problemos, konfliktai su šeima ir aplinkiniais, socialinės integracijos galimybių stoka bei neigiamas visuomenės požiūris. Hipotezės: 1. Ilgalaikis nedarbas labiausiai įtakoja Klaipėdos narkotikų vartotojų socialinę atskirtį. 2... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF DRUG ADDICTS (KLAIPĖDA, 2000-2008) SUMMARY Drug addiction is an especially relevant issue in Klaipėda Port. If reviewing the years 2000-2008, the number of drug users registered in this city had been increasing since the year 2000, and it should be noted that the HIV prevalence rate in 2008 was the highest in comparison with other Lithuanian cities. Addiction to psychoactive substances determines many social problems, not only medical, but also psychological. Weak relations with close relatives, the negative attitude of the society towards these persons, unemployment, lack of education, and problems of social nature are causes that mostly condition the social exclusion of persons addicted to narcotic substances. In order to prevent consequences caused by drug addiction it is necessary to provide for these persons proper conditions to recover and to return to a full-rate life. Therefore, this Master thesis sought to reveal factors determining the social exclusion of drug users and possibilities for their integration into society in Klaipėda. For this purpose there were raised a thesis and two hypotheses. Thesis: main factors determining the social exclusion of drug users in Klaipėda are long-term unemployment, financial, criminal, night-stay and health problems, conflicts with family and the people round about, lack of possibilities for social integration and negative attitude of the society. Hypotheses: 1. Long-term unemployment... [to full text]

In recent years drugs have greatly influenced criminal activity, when drug addicted criminals after their sentence find themselves in prison. Programs of treatment of these persons are implemented in prison, which are directed at their correction, prevention of recurrence and re-integration into normal society. The main objective of this thesis is to map the specific services provided to drug addicted persons in prison in Vinařice. With regard to the set goal, I chose a qualitative research method when the technique of semi-structured interviews was used to collect the data. Respondents who participated in research were situated in the drug-free zone department of Prison in Vinařice. The research has shown that services provided to drug addicted persons are accepted positively by the respondents, they have their justification and they lead to successful re-socialization. The following hypotheses originated from the results of my paper: H 1: Illegal drugs are more obtainable in the environment of ordinary prison sentence, compared to separate drug-free zone. H 2: The specific services provided to drug addicts in the prison environment are accepted positively by the prisoners. H 3: Majority of convicted in the drug-free zone department committed crimes under influence of drugs, or to obtain funds for drugs. But the question remains, how people with drug addiction, namely the respondents who participated in research, will behave in society after their release from prison, when they have served their sentences. The stated facts could be used as a possible topic for further research.

The study focuses on the assessment of the implications that criminal behavior has, not only at the start of treatment for drug taking but also during its development and results. With this aim in mind a sample of 209 patients who had applied for treatment were selected and assessed inthe principal object areas of analysis over a period of ayear anda half at six monthly intervals.The results indicate that time spent in a therapeutic centre significantly reduces criminal behaviour. However, those patients with a greater past history present more difficulties and give a poorer initial response, although during the period of follow-up these differences tend to disappear. / El trabajo se centra en valorar las implicaciones que la actividad delictiva tiene, tanto en el inicio como en la evolución, y los resultados del tratamiento por consumo de drogas. A tal fin, se seleccionó una muestra de 209 pacientes que solicitaron tratamiento. Ellos fueron valorados enlas principales áreas objeto de análisis y seguidos durante un año y medio; se realizaron valoraciones de su evolución cada seis meses. Los resultados indican que el paso por la institución terapéutica conlleva una reducción muy significativa de la actividad delictiva, aunque los pacientes con un mayor historial ofrecen más dificultades y una respuesta inicial más pobre; noobstante, en el seguimiento estas diferencias llegan a desaparecer.

This study is about the use of alcohol and its influence during the recuperation of drug addict patients undergoing treatment. Levels of the use of illegal drugs and alcohol were compared before, during and after the treatment of 82 patients assessed over a one-and-a-half year follow-up study. The results show that after the intervention there is an increase of alcohol use by 50% of the addicts. The 10-13% exhibit excessive levels. The higher alcohol use coincide withthe end of the treatment. This tendency changes later (18 months) into similar levels as the initialones. These results do not allow to consider the aforementioned increase as a confirmationof the substitution hypothesis, that is the alcohol use-redirection towards other more socially tolerated substances. / Se estudia la influencia del consumo de alcohol en la recuperación de drogadictos sometidos a tratamiento. Se relacionan los niveles de consumo de drogas ilegales y de alcohol de antes, durantey después del tratamiento en una muestra de 82 pacientes seguidos durante un año y medio. Se evidencia que tras la intervención aumenta el consumo de alcohol en el 50% de adictosy llega a niveles excesivos en un 10-13%. El mayor consumo coincide con la finalización del tratamiento. Posteriormente (18 meses) baja a niveles próximos a los iniciales. Estos resultados no permiten interpretar die ho aumento mediante la hipótesis de la sustitución, es decir, el desvío del consumo hacia sustancias más toleradas socialmente.

The target of this diploma paper is to describe the specific clients of the programmes for drug addicts - the group of women - mothers who have ever used drugs. To work with this target group, that means to work with the target group of their children too. These children are especially in the pre-school age. One of the institutions that provides care for these women is The Centre for Family, which is a part of The Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Drug Dependence DROP In. In this diploma paper we are going to introduce not only possibilities and methods in the former project "Integration of Family", but we are going to focus on the new project "The Sunflowers'Garden". This project is not only the aftercare for mothers, former drug addicts, but also brings possibility how to focus on the children'development. These children could be threaten by the drugs using during pregnancy and by the social surroundings too. We are going to deal with different target groups, with the group of addict women and former addict women and with the group of thein children. We are going to describe the term Aftercare and the terms of Specific Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder. For us it is important to know abou these diagnosis. One chapter describes how do drugs influence the...

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rômulo Fabriciano Gonzaga Pinto - 2016.pdf: 3161864 bytes, checksum: b25a4f221b11e6074ae502a2cc371b6a (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / This work is linked to the line of research "Cultural and Educational Processes". This is a survey based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, from critical conception of non-formal education in the public health field. The research problem was developed by the question: How Body conceptions of, health and happiness are built socio-historically and what are their possible relationship with the formation of the subject drug addict The research technique used was the hermeneutic perspective with document analysis, from the theoretical framework. The general objective of this research was to understand the historical development of body categories, health and happiness, as well as other social mediations in the process of formation of the subject drug addict. Already the specific objectives were: to list, from the thought of Plato and Descartes, the elements for understanding the development of body categories, health and happiness; exhibit in dialogue with Foucault the history and development of health policies, their relationship with psychiatry and forms of care in the health field in the early modern era, reflect the Frankfurtian critical theory about the development of category instrumental reason and erudition human linked to the formation of the subject drug addict; understand Freud malaise in civilization, the specifics of the subject drug addict with psychoanalysis olivensteiniana prohibitionist drug policy, list the health care forms constituted as opposed to asylum-asylum policy in the twentieth century and XXI and the educational possibilities arising therefrom that may contribute to the emancipation of the subject drug addict by adorniana. A research critical theory originated from the therapeutic-pedagogical experience in mental health services in Goiânia, as well as the need to research, study and reflection of a field still little theoretical production. Therefore, we analyzed the documents that regulate the teaching process of Physical Education in CAPS-AD, aiming to present possible solutions to the construction of a critical education project in the public health service which can contribute to the emancipation of the subject drug addict. We conclude that, despite the limitations and contradictions, there is a possibility of therapeutic-critical pedagogical intervention in the field of public health which could help to the emancipation of the subject drug addict in the way of criticality. / Este trabalho está vinculado à linha de pesquisa “Cultura e Processos Educacionais”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicosda Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, a partir de concepção crítica de educação não-formal no campo da saúde pública.O problema de pesquisa foi desenvolvido pela seguinte pergunta: Como as concepções de corpo, saúde e felicidade são construídas sócio-historicamente e quais são suas possíveis relações com a formação do sujeito toxicômano?Atécnica de pesquisa utilizada foi a perspectiva hermenêutica com análise documental, a partir do referencial teórico. Como objetivo geral, esta pesquisa consistiu em compreender o desenvolvimento histórico das categorias corpo, saúde e felicidade, assim como outras mediações sociais no processo de formação do sujeito toxicômano.Já os objetivos específicos foram: elencar, a partir do pensamento de Platão e Descartes, os elementos para se compreender o desenvolvimento das categorias corpo, saúde e felicidade; expor em diálogo com Foucault ahistóriaedesenvolvimento das políticas de saúde, sua relação com a psiquiatria e as formas de cuidado no campo da saúde no início da era moderna;refletircom a teoria crítica frankfurtianaacerca do desenvolvimento da categoria razão instrumental e da semiformação humana vinculada à formação do sujeito toxicômano;entenderem Freudo mal-estar na civilização, as especificidades do sujeito toxicômanocom a psicanálise olivensteinianapolítica proibicionista das drogas;elencar as formas de cuidado em saúde constituídas em contraposição à política asilar-manicomial nos séculos XX e XXI e as possibilidades educativas daí oriundas que possam contribuir para a emancipação do sujeito toxicômanopor meio da teoria crítica adorniana.A pesquisa teve origem a partir da experiência terapêutico-pedagógica nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial no município de Goiânia, bem como a necessidade de investigação, estudo e reflexão de um campo com ainda pouca produção teórica. Para tanto, analisamos os documentos que normatizam os processos pedagógicos da Educação Física nos CAPS-AD, objetivando apresentar possíveis saídas para a construção de um projeto de educação crítica neste serviço de saúde pública que possa contribuir para a emancipação do sujeito toxicômano. Conclui-se que, apesar dos limites e contradições, existe a possibilidade de intervenção terapêutico-pedagógica crítica no campo da saúde pública que pode corroborar para aemancipação do sujeito toxicômano no caminho da criticidade.

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever a estrutura global de entrevistas de primeira vez entre uma psicóloga e usuários de álcool e/ou outras drogas, tomando como recurso os movimentos interacionais e as ações sequenciais neles realizadas, a partir do instrumental teórico-analítico da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica, com foco nos conceitos de organização seqüencial e de agenda conversacional. O trabalho explora e problematiza o uso da ficha, espécie de roteiro disponibilizado pela instituição, e da agenda da profissional no processo investigativo em curso. Os dados indicaram que a ficha apresenta-se como instrumento de avaliação limitado. A psicóloga, então, necessita ampliar as questões e utilizar recursos sobressalentes para suprir a falta na execução da tarefa proposta. A análise revelou que a disposição dos movimentos interacionais orienta-se fortemente para a avaliação, permitindo-se que se visualize a agenda deste encontro. As entrevistas organizam-se em sete movimentos interacionais: identificar o usuário de álcool e outras drogas, investigar o histórico familiar, constituir a dinâmica da drogadição, etc. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e colaborativa e destina-se a contribuir para a reflexão a respeito da prática profissional psicológica na área da saúde / This study seeks to describe the overall structure of a group of ten first-time interviews between a pshycologist and an alcohol and/or other drugs users, through both the interactional movements and the sequentional actions taken in each movement, based on the theorethical and analytical tools comprised in the Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis, with a focus on the concepts of sequentional organization and conversational agenda. The research explore and criticizes the use of patients file, a kind of script kept by the institution, and the psychologist `s agenda in the investigative process. The results of this study showed the patients file was presented as a limited instrument of assessment. Then, it is necessary for psychologist to enlarge the issues and use all spare resources to solve the difficult in performing the proposal task. The analysis showed the arrangement of interactional movements are strongly conducted for evaluation, allowing it to visualize the agenda in this interview. The interviews are organized in seven interactional movements: identify the alcohol and others drugs users, investigate the familiar history, constitute the dynamics of the drug addiction, etc. The research is a qualitative and collaborative nature and intends to contribute for a reflection about the psycologist`s professional practice in healthy

Background: Opioid dependence is a chronic disease. Substitution treatment for opioid addiction involves a lot of rules and control that can lead to stigmatization. Purpose: To describe the experience of control and stigma in people with substitution treatment during opioid dependence. Method: A literature review with qualitative content analysis inspired by Graneheim & Lundman (2004). The study is based on 14 scientific articles that were applied mainly through the databases Cinahl and Pubmed. Result: Two main themes with eight sub-themes emerged. The most prominent in the result was that people with substitution treatment feel stamped as a drug addict. They can also feel suspicious and less credible. Having substitution treatment is associated with shame. One does not always dare to tell the surroundings that one has treatment. Within the framework of treatment, they feel controlled and supervised. Conclusion: People with substitution treatment experience stigma in terms of discrimination, preconceived opinions and reduced credibility. Stigma arises in several different contexts, such as work, friends and family, but also in health care and even in substitution treatment. This is because this form of treatment includes a number of rules and controls that make you feel controlled and supervised. This risks contributing to further stigmatization.

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever a estrutura global de entrevistas de primeira vez entre uma psicóloga e usuários de álcool e/ou outras drogas, tomando como recurso os movimentos interacionais e as ações sequenciais neles realizadas, a partir do instrumental teórico-analítico da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica, com foco nos conceitos de organização seqüencial e de agenda conversacional. O trabalho explora e problematiza o uso da ficha, espécie de roteiro disponibilizado pela instituição, e da agenda da profissional no processo investigativo em curso. Os dados indicaram que a ficha apresenta-se como instrumento de avaliação limitado. A psicóloga, então, necessita ampliar as questões e utilizar recursos sobressalentes para suprir a falta na execução da tarefa proposta. A análise revelou que a disposição dos movimentos interacionais orienta-se fortemente para a avaliação, permitindo-se que se visualize a agenda deste encontro. As entrevistas organizam-se em sete movimentos interacionais: identificar o usuário de álcool e outras drogas, investigar o histórico familiar, constituir a dinâmica da drogadição, etc. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e colaborativa e destina-se a contribuir para a reflexão a respeito da prática profissional psicológica na área da saúde / This study seeks to describe the overall structure of a group of ten first-time interviews between a pshycologist and an alcohol and/or other drugs users, through both the interactional movements and the sequentional actions taken in each movement, based on the theorethical and analytical tools comprised in the Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis, with a focus on the concepts of sequentional organization and conversational agenda. The research explore and criticizes the use of patients file, a kind of script kept by the institution, and the psychologist `s agenda in the investigative process. The results of this study showed the patients file was presented as a limited instrument of assessment. Then, it is necessary for psychologist to enlarge the issues and use all spare resources to solve the difficult in performing the proposal task. The analysis showed the arrangement of interactional movements are strongly conducted for evaluation, allowing it to visualize the agenda in this interview. The interviews are organized in seven interactional movements: identify the alcohol and others drugs users, investigate the familiar history, constitute the dynamics of the drug addiction, etc. The research is a qualitative and collaborative nature and intends to contribute for a reflection about the psycologist`s professional practice in healthy