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Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-51). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Calamity of the White Picket is a collection of essays that portray how perfection-whether a perfect image, perfect relationship, perfect friendship, or perfect family-becomes withered down, destroyed, and turned into something else. They explore how the idealized image of a family surrounded by a cute white picket fence is dismantled and rearranged through theft, addiction, and a disintegrated family. The essays explore drug addictions, childhood nostalgia, the relationship between heritage and property, innocence, and a stolen best friend. The collection is a train ride of family problems, broken friendships, lying and stealing, and hidden secrets about love and sex. Through these essays, I let go of my versions of the white picket fence, and embrace the new and complicated life that replaces it, ultimately still trying to maintain happiness.

Research shows that student-athletes, whether at the high school or collegiate ranks, experience higher rates of alcohol consumption than their non-athlete student counterparts. However, one population that has not been studied is the community college student-athlete. Traditional community college students have different risk categories and needs than traditional 4-year university students. In this study, community college student-athletes provided their views and perceptions on drugs and alcohol. To obtain data, a qualitative narrative analysis was completed by interviewing 13 community college student-athletes to identify their views and opinions on drugs and alcohol. Once the interviews were completed, transcription and coding were completed to identify the themes and nuances of the narratives. The major themes identified within the study included varying perspectives in how student-athletes view drugs and the perceived effects that drugs have on athletic performance. Researchers have found that collegiate student-athletes experience unique stressors, when compared with other college students, such as balancing athletics and academics. However, in this study, an additional stressor outside of previous research was discovered in that community college, student-athletes struggle with the transition to the community college environment. Additional research is needed on community college student-athletes, including the possible development of tailored interventions to meet those targeted needs.

<p>Individer med ett psykiskt funktionshinder har varit en del av en het debatt som pågått i Sverige en längre tid. Att ha både ett psykiskt funktionshinder och ett missbruk kallas för att ha en Dubbeldiagnos, (DD). Denna studie vill undersöka hur vårdpersonal upplever sitt arbete med att motivera brukare med DD till att förändra sin dagliga livsföring. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med vårdpersonal, sammanlagt 12 intervjuer. Vårdpersonalen upplever sitt arbete som mycket positivt men att en känsla av frustration uppkommer då framsteg sker i en mycket långsam process. Detta upplever personalen beror på att missbruk tillåts på boendet. Inre och yttre motivation i samspel ansågs påverka en brukare med betoning på den inre.</p>

Individer med ett psykiskt funktionshinder har varit en del av en het debatt som pågått i Sverige en längre tid. Att ha både ett psykiskt funktionshinder och ett missbruk kallas för att ha en Dubbeldiagnos, (DD). Denna studie vill undersöka hur vårdpersonal upplever sitt arbete med att motivera brukare med DD till att förändra sin dagliga livsföring. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med vårdpersonal, sammanlagt 12 intervjuer. Vårdpersonalen upplever sitt arbete som mycket positivt men att en känsla av frustration uppkommer då framsteg sker i en mycket långsam process. Detta upplever personalen beror på att missbruk tillåts på boendet. Inre och yttre motivation i samspel ansågs påverka en brukare med betoning på den inre.

Bakgrund: Alkohol- och drogmissbruk är idag ett utbrett problem som drabbar minst 15,3 miljoner människor världen över. Det råder en allmän stigmatisering i dagens samhälle mot missbrukare, bland gemene man samt inom hälso- och sjukvården. Denna stigmatisering har skapats dels på grund av den bild media skapar av den stereotypa missbrukaren och dels på grund av okunskap. Sjuksköterskor hyser ofta fördomar mot denna patientgrupp vilket kan leda till bristfällig vård. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet och upplevelse av att vårda patienter som missbrukar alkohol och droger. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på fem kvalitativa studier, tre kvantitativa studier och en mixad studie. Resultat: Fyra teman kunde urskiljas; attityder, kunskapsbehov, starka känslor och vårdande relationer. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor hyser fördomar och har negativa attityder mot patienter som lider av missbruk. Kunskapsbehovet är stort och bristen på kunskap påverkar vården negativt. Vård av denna patientgrupp ger upphov till starka (ofta negativa) känslor hos sjuksköterskor. Den vårdande relationens karaktär är beroende av sjuksköterskans inställning. Klinisk betydelse: Studien kan ge sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal en inblick i ämnet och inspirera till en mer fördomsfri vård. / Background: Drug- and alcohol addiction is a widespread problem in the world today and at least 15, 3 million people suffer from drug- and alcohol addiction. Stigma against addicts, caused by a lack of knowledge and an image of the stereotypical addict perpetuated by media, is widely spread in today’s society amongst the general public as well as healthcare professionals. Nurses are often prejudiced against this group of patients which can cause inadequate care. Aim: To describe nurse's knowledge and experience of caring for patients who suffer from drug- and alcohol addiction. Method: A literature review consisting of five qualitative studies, three quantitative studies and one mixed method study. Result: Four themes were identified; attitudes, knowledge, strong emotions and caring relationships. Conclusion: Nurses are found to have negative attitudes and be prejudiced against patients who suffer from addiction. Lack of knowledge affects the care negatively and the need for knowledge is great. Caring for this group of patients generates strong feelings, which are often negative, in nurses. The characteristics of the caring relationship are dependent on the nurses’ attitude. Clinical significance: This study may give nurses and other health professionals an insight into the matter and inspire a more open-minded care.

This dissertation explored a number of themes associated with adolescent drug and alcohol prevention among culturally diverse Northern Australian adolescents. It was undertaken because important differences are often associated with specific cultural groups and local knowledge is often needed as a means of informing effective prevention programs. Five studies are presented, each, with its own hypotheses, results and conclusions that examine influences on the common dependent variable of adolescent substance use. In consultation with teachers a new universal school-based drug and alcohol prevention program was developed addressing the four most commonly used substances among Australian adolescents, namely alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and inhalants. The program was predicated on the social influence and alcohol harm minimisation models and was successful in reducing alcohol initiation and increasing cannabis and inhalant refusal self-efficacy among non-initiates. Program delivery is equally as important and program content and prevention programs utilising interactive teaching have been found to be more effective in preventing adolescent substance use than those delivered in a didactic or non-interactive style. The implementation evaluation found that teachers delivered less of the interactive program contents (49%) compared with the non-interactive components (84%). Quality of program delivery may have explained the limited efficacy of the school program to reduce cigarette use and to deter use among those who had already initiated substance use. Additionally three descriptive studies explored variables representing risk and protection for adolescent substance use. Key finding were that cultural identity was observed to be protective of both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous alcohol initiation but was associated with risk for Indigenous youth who had any number of drinking friends; that drinking parents had a strong direct effect on adolescent drinking independent of friends’ use; and a lack of school connectedness was associated with increased adolescent smoking and drinking. This dissertation demonstrated that a school drug education program in its self cannot effectively prevent adolescent drug use. While improvements can be made to current teaching practices, school curricula need to be supplemented with multi-modal programs that aim to selectively reduce parental substance use and improve the school experience for all students.

Bakgrund: Cirka 780 000 personer i Sverige har ett missbruk eller beroende av alkohol och 55 000 personer har ett missbruk eller beroende av narkotika. Drog- och/eller alkoholmissbruk är ett substansmissbruk, ett tillstånd då en person tar för mycket av en substans än vad som är tänkt. Missbruket påverkar människan på olika sätt, så som fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Hälsan hos dessa individer är många gånger sämre relaterat till att de får komplikationer av missbruket som kräver sjukhusvård. Denna grupp upplever ofta att de får sämre vård och bemötande än andra patienter av sjuksköterskor inom vården. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk inom sjukvården. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie av 12 identifierade artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats från databasen PubMed. Huvudresultat: Det fanns osäkerheter för sjuksköterskor vid omvårdnad av patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk, dels av otillräcklig utbildning och kunskap. Det fanns osäkerhet på grund av att sjuksköterskorna inte alltid kunde tro på vad patienterna säger på grund av manipulation och rädsla för att patienterna kunde bli våldsamma. Patienterna fick inte alltid den hjälp de behövde efter vårdtillfället vilket blev en frustration för sjuksköterskorna. En bra miljö och ett helhetsperspektiv var viktiga faktorer för att kunna ge bra omvårdnad till patienterna. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde rädsla och oro kring patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk till följd av bristande kunskap och utbildning om ämnet och patientgruppen. Omvårdnaden till dessa patienter är starkt kopplad till bandet som sjuksköterskorna formar till patienterna samt den omkringliggande miljön. / Background: About 780 000 people in Sweden have an addiction to alcohol and 55 000 people have an addiction to drugs. This is called substance abuse, which is when a person uses more of a substance than recommended. Addiction affects humans in different ways, such as physically, psychologically and socially. The health of these people is usually worse, related to complications of their addiction which requires hospital care. This group often experiences that they receive poorer care and treatment than other patients from nurses. Aim: To describe nurses’ experience caring for people with substance abuse in healthcare environments. Method: A review article of 12 identified articles with quantitative and qualitative design from PubMed. Main result: There is an uncertainty for nurses at care for patients of drug- and alcohol abuse, mostly due to lacking education and knowledge. This uncertainty is grounded in nurses not being sure whether to believe what the patient tells them is the truth due to manipulation, and fear in case of violence from the patients. Patients have not always received the proper care after the initial healthcare which became a frustration for the nurses. A good environment and a holistic perspective was important factors for taking care of a patient's needs. Conclusion: Nurses experienced fear and uncertainty over patients with drugs- and alcohol abuse due to lacking knowledge and education in the subject and the group of patients. Care for these patients are connected to the bond formed between nurses and the patient, as well as the surrounding environment.

Using waves two and three of the National Survey of Adolescent Males (1990 and 1995) I examine the effects of marriage, paternity and father involvement on the use of drugs and alcohol by young men. Despite the importance of fatherhood as an adult role, I argue that commitment to the role of fatherhood and not paternity itself is what alters behavior. I hypothesize that young men who assume responsibility for fathering their children are more likely to reduce their drug and alcohol use over time than young men who father children but do not assume the role of parent. Results show that the assumption of adult roles and father involvement affect drug and alcohol use differently. Paternity is found to deter alcohol use independent of marriage, while marriage reduces illicit drug use. Closer examination of paternity and alcohol use supports my hypothesis that father involvement is associated with decreased alcohol use. Young men residing with their children were also more likely to smoke infrequently than non-resident uninvolved fathers.