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2D-Photonic crystal (PC) structures have enabled the fabrication of a wide variety of nanophotonic components. In perfect PCs, the exploitation of the enhanced local density of states at critical points of the band diagram has attracted considerable attention. Near these points, where the group velocity vanished, low curvature flat bands give rise to delocalized and stationary optical slow Bloch modes (or slow light modes). Properties of slow light make them good candidates to enhance Purcell or various non-linear effects or to design low-threshold lasers. Among these modes, slow Bloch modes (SBMs) emitting in the vertical direction, i.e. located at the Γ- point of the Brillouin zone are particularly interesting for integrating 2D PC architectures with free space optics. In particular, some SBMs proved to be suitable for achieving strong vertical emission with peculiar polarization properties. Other promising applications concern disorder: by introducing a controlled randomness into the PC structure, it is possible to induce a transition from slow Bloch mode (in ordered PC) to Anderson's localization (in disordered PC) as a function of disorder degree. In this PhD dissertation, Slow Bloch modes have been studied and characterized by the means of Near-field Scanning Optical microscopy (NSOM). We particularly focused on Slow Bloch laser mode at Γ- point of a honeycomb 2DPC. This NSOM technique enables to visualize the evanescent component of the mode with a spatial resolution below the diffraction limit. In this work, we showed that the far-field and the near-field image of the mode at the 2D-PC surface are different and that near-field results yield a better insight in the real mode structure inside the PC slab in agreement with theoretical prediction. The importance of the probe selection (bare silica, metallized tip and bow-tie aperture nanoantenna) for studying III-V photonic crystal structures was also demonstrated. Besides intensity measurement of the electromagnetic field, the polarization of the electric field has been measured at the nanoscale for the first time by using a bow-tie nano-antenna probe. These results enable the unambiguous identification of the modes with the 3D-FDTD simulations.In this work is also reported the first observation of two-dimensional localization of light in two types of 2D random photonic crystal lasers, where Slow Bloch Mode (SBM) is scattered by artificial structural randomness in triangular PCs. The structural randomness is introduced whether by nanometer displacements in the positions of lattice elements (air holes), whether by variation of the hole diameters. The direct near-field imaging of the lasing mode by use of NSOM for the first time, allowed us to observe the transition of the extended planar SBM to be Anderson localized.

I denna uppsats jämförs i ett posthumanistiskt perspektiv två svenska romaner som diskuterar medvetandets natur och gränserna för det mänskliga. I En levande själ från 1980 av Per Christian (PC) Jersild (f. 1935) konfronteras vi med djur som utsätts för plågsamma djurförsök och med uppfödandet och programmerandet av aborterade mänskliga fosterhjärnor som skall utnyttjas som biodatorer i intelligenta maskiner. I Sången ur det kinesiska rummet från 2014 av Sam Ghazi (f. 1967) står i stället möjligheten till en rent artificiell intelligens i fokus. De två böckernas frågeställningar kring vad som händer i en framtid när robotar blir alltmer människolika och människor alltmer robotlika är idag högaktuella. Inte minst gäller det frågan om gränserna för det mänskliga och behovet av en etik som inkluderar andra väsen med ett medvetande. Sammanfattningsvis visar analysen i uppsatsen att en posthumanistisk läsning möjliggör nya och givande tolkningsmöjligheter av bägge verken trots att endast Sången ur det kinesiska rummet beskriver sin posthumana verklighet i ett posthumanistiskt perspektiv medan En levande själ i huvudsak har en mänsklig utgångspunkt för sin gestaltning av Ypsilon. I ett posthumanistiskt perspektiv framträder också romanernas karaktär av moraliska tankeexperiment tydligt.

Tikslas: optimizuoti instrumentinės analizės metodus (plonasluoksnė chromatografija ir efektyvioji skysčių chromatografija) bromazepamo, klorazepato ir nimesulido mišinio išskirstymui ir komponentų identifikavimui.Uždaviniai:optimizuoti bromazepamo, klorazepato, nimesulido mišinio komponentų atskyrimą ir identifikavimą plonasluoksnės chromatografijos metodu. Optimizuoti plonasluoksnės chromatografijos metodą kiekybiniam bromazepamo, klorazepato ir nimesulido nustatymui. Optimizuoti bromazepamo, klorazepato, nimesulido mišinio komponentų atskyrimą ir identifikavimą efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu, sukurtą metodiką pritaikyti kraujo plazmos mėginio tyrimui. / The aim of this work was to optimize instrumental analysis methods designed for separation and identification of bromazepam, clorazepate and nimesulide from their mixture samples. In order to achieve our goal we have set ourselves these tasks – to optimize thin-layer chromatography method for separation and identification of bromazepam, clorazepate, nimesulide mixture components; to optimize the thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of bromazepam, clorazepate and nimesulide; to optimize separation and identification of components from bromazepam, clorazepate, nimesulide mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography method and to adapt and develop methodology design for plasma sample analysis.

In most of the studies, face to face interviews are required with individuals for data collection and hence to apply questionnaires. There are two methods for applying the questionnaire / the paper-based and the electronic method. The paper-based method takes time and is of a high cost to the researchers. Because of writing/reading based errors, this method may cause inaccuracy in collected data. On the contrary, conducting questionnaires in electronic environment procures savings in cost and time, improves data accuracy, gives faster results, and increases efficiency. However, in this method some problems may arise in surveys conducted in urban areas, i.e. problems related to communication and network infrastructure. Nevertheless, advances in Information Technologies provide mobile data collection and computing, and hence they have become a significant place in every part of our life. Many researchers have begun to prefer using these developing technologies in their studies since using mobile devices in conducting health surveys is more useful and economical than the paper-based questionnaires. In this thesis, we have developed a mobile device-based questionnaire, which is an adaptation of the one used by the National Cancer Institute of USA in paper-based form. In other words, in this work the &ldquo / Health Habits and History Questionnaire&rdquo / has been adopted to the pocket PCs. It is planned to be used for an ongoing epidemiological study in &Ccedil / ukurova region. We hope that this study will be an example for the similar studies in the future.

In this thesis we examine the generation mechanisms of Pc 5 ULF waves during geomagnetic storms. Also, we study the interaction between Pc 5 ULF waves and energetic particles in the radiation belts and the observed energetic particle flux modulation by Pc 5 ULF waves is verified using particle simulations. Firstly, we present case studies of Pc 5 pulsations using ground-based magnetometer and satellite data during geomagnetic storm times, specifically we selecting three storm time events which show a brief increase in Dst in the main phase of the storms. By studying these events, we attempt to identify the generation mechanisms responsible for the geomagnetic pulsations. The observed pulsations exhibit the characteristic features of a Field Line Resonance. Our results also show evidence for the penetration of ULF wave power in the Pc 5 band to much lower L-shells than normal, suggesting significant reduction of the local Alfven eigenfrequency continuum as compared to non-storm times. This may have considerable significance for the interaction between ULF waves and MeV electrons in the outer radiation belt during storms. Secondly, based on the hypothesis that Pc 5 ULF waves may play an important role in energetic particle dynamics in the radiation belt and ring current, we investigated the relationship between Pc 5 pulsations and energetic particle flux oscillations. We observed very strong Pc 5 oscillations during the great magnetic storm of March 24, 1991 [Lee et al., 2007] and electron flux simultaneously oscillating with the same frequencies in the time domain. We also characterize two more events and present an examination of the relationship between the electron flux modulation and Pc 5 ULF pulsations. Based on our observations, the modulation of energetic particles might be associated with a drift-resonance interaction, or the advection of an energetic particle density gradient. Finally, we numerically calculate the trajectories and energy change of charged particles under the influence of model ULF wave electric fields. This modeling work is used to help to explain the observations and provides evidence which supports the modulation mechanisms such as advection of a flux gradient and drift resonance.

El trasplante hepático es la solución para personas que sufren enfermedades hepática terminales o insuficiencia hepática aguda. La principal limitación para la aplicación del trasplante es la falta de órganos respecto a la demanda. El trasplante hepático con injerto de tamaño reducido se desarrolló para aumentar el número de órganos disponibles y así disminuir la lista de espera. Además del síndrome de isquemia/reperfusión (I/R) asociado al proceso de trasplante, es necesario un proceso de regeneración para la viabilidad del injerto. El síndrome de I/R también tiene efectos sistémicos nocivos en el pulmón. El precondicionamiento isquémico (PC) es una estrategia quirúrgica útil frente a la lesión por I/R en modelos de I/R normotérmica y trasplante hepático con 8 y 16 horas de isquemia, con buenos resultados en la clínica, en resección de tumores, pero se desconoce su efecto en el modelo de trasplante hepático con injerto de tamaño reducido en la rata. En la presente tesis se ha demostrado que el PC es una estrategia útil frente a la lesión por I/R y que favorece la regeneración asociada al modelo de trasplante hepático de tamaño reducido en la rata, modulando factores de crecimiento, como el factor de crecimiento hepatocitario (HGF) y el factor de crecimiento transformante-beta (TGF-beta), modulando la producción de radicales libres (RLO) (por parte de las células de kupffer) y todo esto cursa a través de la disminución de la IL-alfa y con una implicación del óxido nítrico (NO). Sin embargo, el PC no ejerce su papel protector mediante cambios en el sistema productor de RLO xantina/xantina oxidasa, cambios en los niveles de las citoquinas TNF-alfa y IL-6, ni mediante la preservación del metabolismo energético. Por otra vía independiente del NO, el PC estimula la expresión de la Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 y HO-1, estimulando la regeneración en el caso de la HSP70 y disminuyendo la lesión y estimulando la regeneración en el caso de la HO-1. Por otro lado, el PC fue capaz de conferir protección a nivel pulmonar, así la disminución de la IL-1alfa se tradujo en una disminución en los niveles de TNF-alfa plasmáticos y un aumento del receptor soluble de TNF-alfa de tipo 2 (sTNFR2), que es capaz de inactivar el TNF-alfa libre en la circulación sanguínea, evitando los efectos nocivos del TNF-alfa a nivel pulmonar. / Reduced-size liver transplantation (RSLT) was developed to arise the number of available liver grafts In addition to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated to liver transplantation, the reduced grafts have to overcome a necessary regeneration process. I/R injury has deleterious systemic effects, leading to pulmonary complications. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is able to protect liver against I/R injury and lung damage in conventional rat liver transplantation. Recently, has been published its clinical application in tumour resections. In the present thesis work, it has been demonstrated the IP is able to reduce I/R injury and stimulate regeneration associated to RSLT. IP modulated growth factors, as hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta and the stress oxidative production, and it was related to the reduction of IL-1alpha levels . Nitric oxide (NO) was implicated in the benefits of IP. However, PC has not any effect on xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, neither on IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels and energetic metabolism. By another pathway independent of NO, IP induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 protected against I/R injury and liver regeneration, whereas the benefits resulting from HSP70 were mainly related to hepatocyte proliferation. On the other hand, IP was able to confer lung protection. In this line, reduction of IL.-1alpha levels was associated with lower TNF-alpha and higher soluble receptor TNF-alpha type 2 (sTNFR2) plasma levels.

Univ. der Bundeswehr, Diss.--München, 2002.

Univ., Diss.--Augsburg, 2004.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Αλληλεπίδρασης Ανθρώπου Υπολογιστή του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Είχε ως στόχο τη μελέτη της συνεργασίας με χρήση φορητών υπολογιστών και εστίασε στις δυνατότητες που παρέχει ο υπολογιστής ταμπλέτας με σκοπό τη βελτιστοποίηση της ποιότητας της συνεργασίας και της μάθησης. Η εφαρμογή που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν το Synergo Client της πλατφόρμας Synergo.Σε αυτήν προστέθηκαν νέα εργαλεία για την υποστήριξη της πένας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα προστέθηκε το free draw tool,το οποίο παρέχει τη δυνατότητα ελεύθερης σχεδίασης στον κοινόχρηστο χώρο εργασίας και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί παράλληλα με όλες τις υπόλοιπες λειτουργίες του Client. Επιπλέον κάποιες ήδη υπάρχουσες λειτουργίες προσαρμόστηκαν ώστε να διεξάγωνται πιο εύκολα με την πένα. Κατά τη διαδικασία ανάπτυξης ακολουθήθηκε επαναληπτική διαδικασία σχεδίασης με διαδοχικούς σχεδιασμούς, υλοποιήσεις και αξιολογήσεις. / This diploma thesis was done at the HCI lab of the department of Electrical engineering and computer technology of the University of Patras. The main object was the study of collaboration through tablet PC and focused at the possibilities provided by the tablet pc to optimize the collaboration. The application used was the Synergo Client, that has been developed at the HCI lab.