Abstract Purpose: In Sweden, the authorities have long realized that increasing cycling would give the community huge profits from an environmental perspective. About one third of the Swedish population is inactive during the day. Inactivity costs society annually six billion SEK. Single statistics states that around 30 people are killed in bicycle accidents every year. In addition, an average of 350 cyclists are seriously injured. Many of these accidents are related to the cycling paths physical design. The average cycling path distance per person has decreased by 20% over the past 20 years. The aim of the project is to provide suggestions for improvements in physical design on the cycle paths in order to increase safety and accessibility that lead to increased cycling. Method: The work begins with literature studies and document analysis to gain an insight into what has been found in previous research on this subject. In order to be able to deepen more on the subject and to investigate what officials in the Municipality of Linköping have to say about problems with cycle paths, three interviews were made with officials who work with cycling issues. Result: Generally, cycling routes in Linköping municipality and Sweden maintain good quality, but there is much to be done to improve. The municipality is working actively to address problems that arise on the roads, but the accident statistics will remain unchanged. The interviewees believe that knowledge about the design of cycle paths affects accident statistics. Also, the implementation of what they actually know about road design does not always work That is, Sweden needs to invest more resources on the cycling network and make use of the knowledge that Denmark and the Netherlands have. Implications: There are countries that have developed further in the cycling network than Linköping, such as Denmark and the Netherlands. Linköping and other cities in Sweden can benfit from their knowledge and experience. In order to achieve the set goals, of course, a larger investment of capital must be made on the infrastructure, focusing on cycling in order to make cycling more accessible and safe. Research must focus more on detailed solutions of traffic elements. The authors of this project recommend traffic planners to collaborate with other traffic planners in other municipalities in Sweden as well as municipalities from other countries to drive development faster. Another recommendation from the authors is to create an organization that is only responsible for the walking and cycling routes just like what the Netherlands has done. In addition, cycling must be prioritized more in traffic planning than it is today. Limitations: There are many factors that affect the use of bicycles, but the project has only considered had the physical design as an area of ​​investigation. Furthermore, due to lack of time, the work has only chosen to compare Linköping municipality with cities in Denmark and the Netherlands. Keywords: Safety, Accessibility, Cycle Routes, Bike Accidents, Criminal Record. / Sammanfattning Syfte: I Sverige har myndigheterna sedan lång tid tillbaka insett att ökat cyklande skulle ge samhället stora vinster ur ett miljöperspektiv. Ungefär en tredjedel av den svenska befolkningen är inaktiva under dagen. Inaktivitet kostar samhället årligen sex miljarder. Enlig statistiken har cirka 30 personer omkommit i cykelolyckor årligen under 2000-talet i Sverige. Dessutom skadas i genomsnitt 350 cyklister allvarligt. Många av dessa olyckor är relaterade till cykelvägarnas fysiska utformning. Den genomsnittliga cykelsträckan per person har minskat med hela 20 % under de senaste 20 åren. Målet med arbetet är att ge förslag på förbättringar i den fysiska utformningen på cykelvägarna i syfte att öka säkerheten och framkomligheten som leder till ökad cykelanvändning. Metod: Arbetet inledes med litteraturstudie och dokumentanalys för att få en inblick i vad som har framkommit i tidigare forskning i ämnet. För att kunna fördjupa sig mer i ämnet utfördes tre intervjuer med personer som är ansvariga för cykelfrågor i Linköpings kommun för att ta reda på vilka problem de har på cykelvägarna. Resultat: Generellt håller cykelvägar i Linköpings kommun och Sverige bra kvalité men det finns fortfarande mycket att förbättra. Kommunen arbetar aktivt med att åtgärda problem som uppstår på vägarna men olycksstatistiken blir oförändrad. De intervjuade personerna menar att det behövs mer kunskap om hur utformningen av cykelvägar påverkar olycksfallsstatistiken eller att implementeringen av det de faktiskt vet om utformning inte funkar. Sverige behöver satsa mer resurser på cykelnätet och utnyttja kunskaperna som Danmark och Holland har. Konsekvenser: Det finns städer som har kommit längre i utvecklingen av cykelnätet än Linköping exempelvis Köpenhamn och Amsterdam. Linköping och andra städer i Sverige kan ta del av deras kunskaper och erfarenheter. För att uppnå de uppsatta målen måste naturligtvis en större satsning av kapital göras på infrastrukturen med fokus på cyklandet i syfte att göra cyklingen mer attraktiv och säker. Forskning måste fokuseras mer på detaljerande lösningar av trafikelement. Författarna rekommenderar att trafikplanerare samarbetar med andra trafikplanerare i andra kommuner i Sverige samt även kommuner från andra länder för att driva utvecklingen snabbare. En annan rekommendation från författarna är att skapa en organisation som ansvarar endast för gång- och cykelvägarna som Holland har gjort. Dessutom måste cykeln prioriteras mer i trafikplaneringen än vad det görs idag Begränsningar Det finns många faktorer som påverkar cykelanvändningen men arbetet har endast haft den fysiska utformningen som undersökningsområde. Vidare har arbetet på grund av tidsbrist endast valt att jämföra Linköpings kommun med städer i Danmark och Holland. Nyckelord: Säkerhet, framkomlighet, cykelvägar, cykelolyckor, stradaregistret.

abstract: Walking and bicycling bring many merits to people, both physically and mentally. However, not everyone has an opportunity to enjoy healthy and safe bicycling and walking. Many studies suggested that access to healthy walking and bicycling is heavily related to socio-economic status. Low income population and racial minorities have poorer transportation that results in less walking and bicycling, as well as less access to public transportation. They are also under higher risks of being hit by vehicles while walking and bicycling. This research quantifies the relationship between socioeconomic factors and bicyclist and pedestrian involved traffic crash rates in order to establish an understanding of how equitable access to safe bicycling and walking is in Phoenix. The crash rates involving both bicyclists and pedestrians were categorized into two groups, minor crashes and severe crashes. Then, the OLS model was used to analyze minor and severe bicycle crash rates, and minor and severe pedestrian crash rates, respectively. There are four main results, (1) The median income of an area is always negatively related to the crash rates of bicyclists and pedestrians. The reason behind the negative correlation is that there is a very small proportion of people choosing to walk or ride bicycles as their commuting methods in the high-income areas. Consequently, there are low crash rates of pedestrians and bicyclists. (2) The minor bicycle crash rates are more related to socio-economic determinants than the severe crash rates. (3) A higher population density reduces both the minor and the severe crash rates of bicyclists and pedestrians in Phoenix. (4) A higher pedestrian commuting ratio does not reduce bicyclist and pedestrian crash rates in Phoenix. The findings from this study can provide a reference value for the government and other researchers and encourage better future decisions from policy makers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Geography 2020

This thesis seeks to provide a detailed understanding of the introduction of dockless bike-sharing to London. As part of a wave of new smart and shared mobility services that are aiming to transform the way people move around cities, this emerging form of transport has created disruptions in London since its launch in 2017. This study aims to analyse to what extent dockless bike-sharing aligns or conflicts with the aims and objectives of local authorities governing public space in London. In doing so, it also aims to reveal insights into transformations in contemporary mobility by exploring the dynamics of niche innovations within socio-technical transitions, thus contributing to knowledge in the field of transition studies.To do this, a qualitative case study methodology was employed using document analysis and interviews with four stakeholders integrally involved in the case study, representing both public authorities and a private sector dockless bike-sharing operator, Mobike.The findings demonstrate that dockless bike-sharing is well aligned with the city’s explicit objectives to reduce car dependency and encourage active travel. It has particular potential to make cycling more accessible by bringing bike-sharing to parts of the city that do not have access to the pre-existing, docked bike-sharing scheme, operated by the central transport authority, Transport for London. Despite this, dockless bike-sharing, as a niche innovation, has struggled to break into the existing urban mobility regime. This can be seen to result from a variety of factors that include a failure to collaborate and build local legitimacy or pay sufficient regard to local conditions during early implementation. Furthermore, dockless bike-sharing’s demand for flexible parking has resulted in uses and misuses of public space that have created friction and placed the innovation in conflict with the existing physical urban landscape and the authorities that govern it. Its momentum has been further hindered by London’s complex governance structure, a structure which has not proved conducive to the dockless bike-sharing operating model. It is posited that if dockless bike-sharing is to build momentum and achieve its potential to expand the reach of bike-sharing in London, greater support is required from public authorities.

A method for tuning the spring rate and damping rate of a mountain bike suspension based on a data-driven procedure is presented. The design and development of a custom data acquisition system, known as the MTB~DAQ, capable of measuring acceleration data at the front and rear axles of a bike are discussed. These data are input into a model that is used to calculate the vertical acceleration and pitching angular acceleration response of the bike and rider. All geometric and dynamic properties of the bike and rider system are measured and built into the model. The model is tested and validated using image processing techniques. A genetic algorithm is implemented with the model and used to calculate the best spring rate and damping rate of the mountain bike suspension such that the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider are minimized for a given trail. Testing is done on a variety of different courses and the performance of the bike when tuned to the results of the genetic algorithm is discussed. While more fine tuning of the model is possible, the results show that the genetic algorithm and model accurately predict the best suspension settings for each course necessary to minimize the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo determinar si la implementación de ciclovías en el Distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, durante los años 2020 y 2021, tiene relación con lo establecido en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible “salud y bienestar” y “ciudades y comunidades sostenibles”. Al respecto, la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima es la encargada de implementar las ciclovías en la ciudad. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, con un enfoque cualitativo, para ello se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada, además de la aplicación de una encuesta virtual a través de Google Forms. Las respuestas se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis legal de la diversa normativa aplicable al uso de la bicicleta en el Perú. Los resultados arrojados demuestran que la población objetivo identifica una relación directa débil a media entre la implementación de ciclovías en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho durante los años 2020 y 2021 y el desarrollo sostenible, enmarcado en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de “salud y bienestar” y “ciudades y comunidades sostenibles”. Asimismo, en el análisis legal se determina, entre otros hallazgos, que en los últimos años se consideró una regulación más específica y práctica del uso de la bicicleta como medio alternativo de transporte sostenible, como componente de un sistema de movilidad urbano basado en un enfoque más extenso que la sostenibilidad. / The objective of this thesis is to determine if the bikeway implementation in San Juan de Lurigancho, during the years 2020 and 2021, is related to the Sustainable Development Goals "health and well-being” and “sustainable cities and communities". In this regard, the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima is responsible of bikeway implementation along the city. The research design is non-experimental, descriptive and correlational, with a qualitative approach, for which a semi-structured interview was carried out, in addition to the application of a virtual survey through Google Forms. The responses were processed in the SPSS statistical program. Likewise, the legal analysis determines, among other findings, that in recent years a more specific and practical regulation of the use of bicycles as an alternative means of sustainable transport was considered, as a component of an urban mobility system based on a broader approach than sustainability. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis deals with comprehensive study and design of recovery system of a road vehicle powered by human power. It contains an overview of different types of heat recovery devices, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability in the construction of such a vehicle.

This diploma thesis deals with vehicles that are driven by human power, namely the design of a bicycle frame intended for city traffic. Part of the work is a section that describes the historical development of cycling bikes, as well as an overview of individual bicycle conceptions, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages

The goal of this master’s thesis is a construction design of an electric kick bike with the motor builded in the axle of the rear wheel. The thesis consists of theoretical part, which is describing electric kick bikes used today and the possibility of motorization. The next part is a construction design with necessary calculations and formulas.

This thesis deals with comprehensive study and design of recovery system of a road vehicle powered by human power. It contains an overview of different types of heat recovery devices, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability in the construction of such a vehicle.

In recent years the number of bicycles with e-motors has been increased steadily. Within the pedelec – bikes where an e-motor supports the pedaling – a special group of transportation bikes has developed. These bikes have storage boxes in addition to the basic parts of a bike. Due to the space available on top of those boxes it is possible to install a PV system to generate electricity which could be used to recharge the battery of the pedelec. Such a system would lead to grid independent charging of the battery and to the possibility of an increased range of motor support. The feasibility of such a PV system is investigated for a three wheeled pedelec delivered by the company BABBOE NORDIC.The measured data of the electricity generation of this mobile system is compared to the possible electricity generation of a stationary system.To measure the consumption of the pedelec different tracks are covered, and the energy which is necessary to recharge the bike battery is measured using an energy logger. This recharge energy is used as an indirect measure of the electricity consumption. A PV prototype system is installed on the bike. It is a simple PV stand alone system consisting of PV panel, charge controller with MPP tracker and a solar battery. This system has the task to generate as much electricity as possible. The produced PV current and voltage aremeasured and documented using a data logger. Afterwards the average PV power is calculated. To compare the produced electricity of the on-bike system to that of a stationary system, the irradiance on the latter is measured simultaneously. Due to partial shadings on the on-bike PV panel, which are caused by the driver and some other bike parts, the average power output during riding the bike is very low. It is too low to support the motor directly. In case of a similar installation as the PV prototype system and the intention always to park the bike on a sunny spot an on-bike system could generate electricity to at least partly recharge a bike battery during one day. The stationary PV system using the same PV panel could have produced between 1.25 and 8.1 times as much as the on-bike PV system. Even though the investigation is done for a very specific case it can be concluded that anon-bike PV system, using similar components as in the investigation, is not feasible to recharge the battery of a pedelec in an appropriate manner. The biggest barrier is that partial shadings on the PV panel, which can be hardly avoided during operation and parking, result in a significant reduction of generated electricity. Also the installation of the on-bike PV system would lead to increased weight of the whole bike and the need for space which is reducing the storage capacity. To use solar energy for recharging a bike battery an indirect way is giving better results. In this case a stationary PV stand alone system is used which is located in a sunny spot without shadings and adjusted to use the maximum available solar energy. The battery of the bike is charged using the corresponding charger and an inverter which provides AC power using the captured solar energy.