The potential for advertising bias forming a conflict of interest with editorial content is a problem for any publication, and those with a gaming focus are no exception. Reviews in these publications can make or break a game and in some cases — a developer. The purpose of this content analysis of three gaming magazines is to examine whether publications in which developers purchase advertising are biased in favor of those developers’ games. The magazines chosen were: Game Informer, GamesTM, and Edge. The working definition of bias used is the financial pressure that advertisers exert on the editorial content of publications through the purchasing of advertising space. Video game magazines were chosen for this study due to readers’ reliance on reviews to make purchase decisions. No overt advertising bias was found. There was no significant link between the coverage of games and ads for those games in the same issue. A more subtle case for bias was found, however, when the entire sample of each magazine was looked at. For example, games reviewed anywhere in the sample in a given magazine tended to more often have an advertisement and for it to be larger, and this was especially true if the game received positive coverage. Other interesting results showed that magazines had a largely varying spread in the tone of reviews and that the majority of ads were for non-games, though game ads were larger on average.

[pt] Verdadeiras fortunas foram gastas na criação e sedimentação de marcas famosas no Brasil e no mundo. Grandes estratégias de vendas foram montadas para atender um mercado que se tornou cada vez mais exigente. Estas novas exigências criaram oportunidades para as corporações atentas e ágeis e criou problemas para aquelas que não conseguiram perceber e reagir a tempo aos anseios e necessidades dos consumidores. Uma estratégia largamente utilizada pelas grandes corporações para superar as oscilações nas participações de mercado tem sido a diversificação de suas marcas. Com a diversificação, as corporações buscam atender, de uma forma mais eficiente, nichos de mercado e otimizam sua rentabilidade. O mercado editorial de revistas não é diferente nestes aspectos. Todos os meses são lançados uma média 2.150 títulos de revistas no mercado de bancas de jornal, com uma circulação anual média de 600 milhões de exemplares em todo o Brasil. É um mercado altamente segmentado onde você pode encontrar revistas sobre os mais diferentes assuntos, com preços variados, diferentes formatos, tamanhos e conteúdo. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal identificar, à luz do framework proposto por Oliver (1999), os diferentes tipos de fidelidade encontrados entre leitores e assinantes de revistas, assim como identificar características e atributos considerados importante aos leitores, estabelecendo uma relação destes atributos com a fidelidade a uma revista. Os resultados evidenciam a existência de uma correlação entre a fidelidade e o suporte social provido pela comunidade à qual o leitor pertence e também evidenciam uma expressiva relação com aspectos cognitivos e emocionais dos leitores. / [en] Fortunes have been spent developing and establishing strong brands in Brazil and also around world. Great sales strategies have been launched to attend a consistently more demanding market. Those demands have created many opportunities for corporations in tune with their clients but also created major difficulties for those who weren`t. In fact, a largely adopted strategy used to overcome market share oscillations is strictly related to brand diversification. Diversification is related with a goal of achieving better margins using market segmentation to efficiently approach smaller niche and to attend customer`s specific necessities. The magazines editorial market is no different in those aspects. Every month we have an average of 2.150 new titles reaching magazines selling points within an annual average of 600 millions issues all over Brazil. It is a highly segmented market where one could find different subjects, prices, sizes, presentations and above all, many different contents. Based on Oliver (1999) framework, this study has the main objective of identifying different types of fidelity among magazine subscribers and non-subscribers readers, as well as to relate characteristics and attributes, considered important by magazine readers, to the fidelity with the magazine. Results indicates the existence of a correlation between fidelity and the social support provided by the community from witch the readers belongs as well as an expressive relation with inertial characteristics of fidelity like the perception of product superiority as well as cognitive and emotional aspects of magazine readers.

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From the clothing theory, it is evident that the mass media as generalised “other”, dictates the opinion of what is acceptable and not acceptable regarding fashion. The role that the mass media play in the clothing consumer’s purchases, and more specifically the decision-making process surrounding fashion products, cannot be underestimated. From a social-cultural and aesthetic point of view, it can be argued that culture or sub-culture can play an important role in the aesthetic ideal of beauty of consumers. It is suggested that consumers of different cultural backgrounds have varying beliefs about what is defined as “beautiful” in each of their cultures. Fashion magazines in South Africa largely convey a global appearance ideal, but individuals often tend to also evaluate their appearances against the cultural or sub-cultural beauty ideal in which they reside. Cultural appearance standards in the form of skin colour, hairstyles, body, style, dress, and cultural artefacts (such as accessories) may differ among different cultures and sub-cultures (Craig, 1991). Magazine marketers should thus aim to provide a specific targeted consumer group with a fashion magazine that contains content that satisfies their particular sub-cultural aesthetic needs, personal appearances and standards. People across cultures have the need to compare themselves to others, and with the focus on fashion, appearance is evaluated and compared by the targeted consumers on the basis of either cultural factors or personal factors (Lennon, Rudd, Sloan&Kim, 1999). Fashion serves as a generalised “other” against whom a person can compare him- or herself with. The targeted consumers may not engage in comparison if the appearances of fashion models used in fashion magazine advertisements are too different from the person’s own appearance and standards. It seems that the importance of the above mentioned factors in the decision-making process of consumers regarding fashion products and fashion magazines in particular, have not yet been fully realised in South Africa by magazine marketers and the advertising industry. The women in the Mzanzi Youth sub-segment, serving as the target market for this study, fall under the Black Diamonds consumer group, which is one of the most important up and coming consumer groups in South Africa. It is apparent that this consumer group has a lot of potential and could reap rewards if targeted successfully, yet there is not a fashion magazine that is known of in South Africa that specifically caters for them. Unfortunately little is known about their beauty standards and the appearance of a beauty ideal that they would prefer to compare themselves with, and fashion magazines are therefore not able to fully tap into this potential market. The Purpose of this study was therefore to explore and describe the women in the Mzansi Youth sub-segments’ social comparisons and reflected appraisals of fashion magazine images. It is envisaged that the results of this study would contribute to fashion magazine editors’ and marketers’ understanding of this market’s beauty standards and preferences for beauty ideals that can serve as a generalised “other” in social comparison, in such a way that it can contribute to a positive self-image and an interest in, and intention to buy a specific fashion magazine or the fashion products that are advertised. The theoretical approach to the study included a literature review on fashion, the consumer and the role of culture, which include a discussion on fashion magazines and fashion magazine advertisements or images. The literature also covered the role of cultural beauty ideals and aesthetics in self-esteem. In order to address the problem, a cultural perspective and the theory on identity and social identity were combined with the theory on social comparison, and serves as a theoretical perspective, or point of departure for the research, while also directing the research objectives. The unit of analysis for this study was young adult black women in South Africa (between 18 and 24 years of age), in the Mzanzi Youth sub-segment within the Black Diamond consumer group. A nonprobability sampling technique was employed. The sample for the study was purposive resulting in the use of the snowball sampling method, with 200 respondents having completed a self-administered questionnaire. The study showed that the women in the Mzansi-Youth sub-segment are directed by a strong personal identity and a need to be acknowledged as an African individual with unique personal characteristics. It is therefore also important for them that their appearance should symbolise their personal qualities and not necessarily that of a Westernised fashion style or beauty ideal, or that they belong to a specific social or sub-cultural group. The study further showed that dress, hairstyle and body shape are important features in their beauty ideal, directed by their personal identity. With regard to their aesthetic dimensions that play a role in dress and appearance, for them it is more about the sensory beauty of their appearance and emotional pleasure that their dress and appearance give them, than reflecting that they belong to a specific group or culture - indicative of a personal identity, rather than a social identity. The study further showed that with regard to social comparison, it is not important to the women in the Mzansi Youth sub-segment to compare themselves, and specifically their dress and appearance to those of others, whether it being to their friends, or an African or Westernised beauty ideal. With regard to appraisals of fashion magazine images, portraying different beauty ideals, specifically a Western, African and Euro-African beauty ideal, the study showed that the targeted consumers prefer the Euro-African beauty ideal because they like it, and it is also the appearance that they can relate to and that they would compare themselves to, although comparison is not important to them. However, if they have to compare themselves, they would compare the beauty ideal feature that is the most important to them, namely their dress style. They also mostly compare just for the sake of comparison and not to feel better about themselves or to feel that they fit into a specific group. In cases where they compare negatively to an image, whether African, Western or Euro-African beauty ideal, they will still accept the standard and will do nothing further. Lastly, the study also showed that most of the women in the Mzansi Youth sub-segment, would probably buy a fashion magazine which features Euro-African fashion images to see the latest trends and fashion ideas, but not because the model would inspire them to improve themselves. This study clearly has practical implications for fashion magazine editors and marketers in South Africa, as well as for the advertising industry, especially when incorporating fashion images in advertisements specifically aimed at the women in the Mzansi Youth sub-segment. / Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

M.A. / While linguistic theorists have been grappling with the intricacies of language for many years and a myriad of theories on the production of speech has graced the intellectual world, most theorists over this time have come to agree on one thing, and that is that language is inextricably linked to culture (esp. Sapir Whorf; Halliday). One of the implications herein is that if language and culture are linked, then as society changes, so too does language change with it. The changes can be as severe as a complete language system or changes to vocabulary, so that what is true for a language at one point in time may differ with changes to that society over time. The relationship between language and culture is a two-way one: language is affected by the culture of a society (in such a way that it is possible to see how changes in that society have affected language), and it is also possible to make deductions about the culture of the society by looking at the changes in the language it speaks. . Inferences about the readership can be made from clues that the writer unwittingly provides in the form of cultural conventions. These conventions (which are evident in the text) are used by the writer knowingly or unknowingly because the writer writes in a specific sociocultural context and therefore shares the cultural conventions with the readers. Different reading types- i.e. point-driven or information driven- are also indicative of the readership, and the features common to each are exclusive and are exploited by the writer for relating to his/her specific readership.

The thesis deals with automatic tool change in milling multifunctional machining center with horizontal spindle axis. It describes the systems that are currently in use and their base division. The first part of the work is common. In this part of the thesis is a machine design with its parameters. The second part is independent, deals with the design of the exchanger and tool magazine together with their design solution.

Wartime lends itself to a particular form of communication. This type of communication is often regarded as propaganda, which is used to promote or alternatively dissuade pro-war fervour. This theory is no different during the Border War of South Africa (1966-1989). During the years that the war waged, the public’s sentiment towards the war had changed instigated by the continuing political unrest found both in South Africa and on its borders. The South African Defence Force (SADF) attempted to use its official magazine Paratus to disseminate pro-war communication in order to subdue the objectors and sway public opinion. Thus, this study aimed to understand how the magazine was used as a propaganda medium in terms of its editorial philosophy. Furthermore, attention was given to the main propaganda devices used in magazines as well as in Paratus itself, while changes in the editorial philosophy of the magazine during wartime formed the background of the study. By making use of the single case and longitudinal study, continuous data from a core single source, from 1970-1988, was investigated to gather data including the cover, advertisements, letters, articles and design features that will form the subject of rigorous content analysis in order to obtain rich and holistic information. An amagalmation of the propaganda devices identified by Lasswell (1927), the Institute of Propaganda Analysis – the IPA (1937) and the Propaganda Model (1988) was used as set criteria to base this propaganda study on. The study is rooted in a comprehensive literature review in order to contextualise the findings and avoid bias from the researcher. Ultimately, the study revealed that pro-war and Afrikaner nationalism and Calvinism ideals were supported and furthered through the means of mass communication approaches, specifically that of strategic communication, agenda-setting theory and framing, as well as propaganda devices, most notably the glittering generalities and transfer propaganda devices, while the ideology of anti-Communism alongside the rhetoric of “total onslaught” also formed part of the narrative of the magazine. / Dissertation (MIS)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / University of Pretoria: academic excellence bursary. / Information Science / MIS / Unrestricted

This thesis study takes a mixed methods and black feminist approach to find out how black women are represented within the beauty advertisements of women's fashion magazines.

NDLTD Innovative ETD Award 2012. This dissertation is rooted within a process of unification, a personal struggle to understand the fragile relationship that exists between architecture and time. The project focuses on architecture’s potential to adapt according to the passage of time, through the process of aging and weathering. This study is founded in the aim to re-establish a connection between the continuum of time and architecture. The project places contemporary commemorative architecture under the limelight, criticising the static notion of heritage commemoration through the typologies of museums and memorials. These typologies often evolve into static monuments, where the relevance to contemporary society can be questioned. The architectural response of this dissertation is thus focused on commemoration through everyday use. The proposed historical site (Magazine Hill) forms a comprehensive construct of different layers of time and influence. This mysterious, abandoned and isolated site consists of two ammunition magazines, five bomb shelters and ammunition factories, all structures that represent an era of unrest in South Africa. In 1945 a mysterious explosion of the Central Magazine scarred the face of Magazine Hill, leading the activities on the site to an early death, trapping architecture in time and abandonment. The proposed programme forms part of the conceptual premise of mediation, unifying different opposites inherent in both Magazine Hill and the South African context. A brass foundry is proposed to recycle the spent ammunition shells of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), thereby introducing brass artists as a public interface to Magazine Hill. Where ammunition was once produced, ammunition is now reduced. This programme could form mediation between the public and the military; exposing different layers of the past by reinstating a connection between architecture and time. View Clifford Gouw's video on <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVnn-sDfR_U ">YouTube</a>. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Gouws, C 2011, Magazine Hill : a weathered continuum, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302011-195515 / > C12/4/86/gm / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

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