「社會行銷」概念與技術於1971年由學者Kotler & Zaltman提出，為首次行銷概念技術擴大應用至非營利部門在社會公益上的研究。行銷學者Kotler認為，社會行銷可擴大應用至社會各領域的公益推廣，包含公部門。由是，本研究基於擴大化應用的精神，以我國環保機關推動之「不燒紙錢宣導政策」為個案，探究行銷概念擴大化後，公部門在行銷理論基礎上，即交換理論在公私部門差異上導致社會行銷分析公部門個案時產生哪些差異？以及社會行銷擴大應用至公部門，在理論基礎上有哪些問題？同時以社會行銷概念及技術對個案進行分析。 因此，本研究在研究方法上，以個案研究的方式，先進行社會行銷及交換理論在公私部門差異的文獻基礎進行一回顧與整理，再依研究目的與問題針對理論基礎設計深度訪談的問題，依目的性抽樣原則尋找最能符合本研究目的之訪談者進行深度訪談，共十一位。訪談完成即整理逐字稿以進行後續分析。 經本研究分析，在理論面及實務面均提出研究貢獻與建議： 一、理論面： （一）社會行銷因為公私部門在本質上存有差異，導致源自於私部門的行銷理論基礎─交換理論，用於分析公部門社會行銷政策時，在各社會行銷步驟中均產生差異。 （二）交換理論自利假定在公私部門中產生差異，因此有關法律強制力、公民及消費者、自願交換關係及通路概念在未來社會行銷擴大應用至公部門時，有理論適用上的問題。 二、實務面： （一）「不燒紙錢宣導政策」經社會行銷八步驟分析，屬於同社會行銷概念及技術的行銷個案，但因其為公部門推動者，故在細部特徵上有公私部門假定上、本質上的差異。 （二）「不燒紙錢宣導政策」的推動，雖滿足公共利益的需求，但執行過程中直接法源不明確、推動組織鬆散、忽略利害關係人權益為實務需加強之處。 / The very concept of “Social Marketing”, first introduced by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman, is used to apply marketing techniques to the area of nonprofit organizations to promote public interest. In Kotler’s mind, marketing techniques can be applied to both public and private sectors. However, whether this application adequate is needed to be answered. In this thesis, author uses a case named “campaigning the policy against burning golden papers in worship” implemented by the R.O.C government as an example to examine the adequacy of the “Exchange Theory” behind the concept of social marketing to understand marketing cases in the public sector. In order to find the conceptual problems through case study, author first adopts the eight stages of social marketing to describe the case throughout. Then, author design several interview problems to ask various actors who related to the case. Finally, author combines theoretical arguments, case details, and qualitative data from in-depth interview to analyze the adequacy of applying exchange theory in public sector through social marketing. Several findings are presented as follows. First, many differences were found in all the eight stage of social marketing. These differences illustrate many possible inadequacies of applying marketing techniques, supported by exchange theory, to public sector. Second, based on the above differences founded, the intention of broadening the concept of marketing to non-profit organizations should take them into considerations. Especially, the strategic marketing scheme, such as 4Ps, should be reevaluated according to the findings. Thirdly, practically speaking, there are supporting factors to make a marketing campaign successful in public sector: ambiguities in regulation, lack of solid implementation organization, and the missing of stakeholders opinion collection and interest-protection activities in the process.

Industry white papers are increasingly being used to explain the philosophy and operation of a product in marketplace or technology context. This explanation is used by senior managers for strategic planning in an organization. This research explores the effectiveness of white papers and strategies for managers to learn about technologies using white papers. The research is conducted by collecting industry white papers in the area of Information System Integration and gleaned relevant information through text-mining tool, Vantage Point. The text mined information is analyzed to provide solutions for practical problems in systems integration market. The indirect findings of the research are New System Integration Business Models, Methods for Calculating ROI of System Integration Project, and Managing Implementation Failures.

La diminution de la qualité des collectes des papiers récupérés ainsi que l’accumulation de substances dissoutes dans les eaux de procédés affecte l’efficacité des lignes de désencrage industrielles et contamine davantage les effluents liquides. Dans ce contexte, le LGP2 a développé depuis quelques années un procédé innovant de désencrage, la flottation réactive à l’ozone, afin de dégrader chimiquement les polluants dissouts en parallèle de l’élimination de l’encre. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu, des essais de flottation à l’air et à un mélange ozone/oxygène, sur trois contaminants modèles, sélectionnés après une étude bibliographique préalable, ont été réalisés dans un milieu diphasique gaz/liquide, en l’absence de fibres cellulosiques. Les expérimentations ont été conduites sur deux pilotes de laboratoire instrumentés : une colonne à bulles fonctionnant avec de l’air uniquement, pour l’étude du comportement hydrodynamique (taille et distribution de bulles, rétention gazeuse) en présence des contaminants dissouts, et une deuxième colonne à bulles, similaire mais conçue avec des matériaux résistants aux gaz corrosifs, dédiée à l’étude des réactions d’oxydation en présence d’ozone. L’examen du comportement hydrodynamique montre que les conditions de débit de gaz et d’injection retenues conduisent à des tailles de bulles optimales pour une flottation efficace, que ce soit en présence ou absence de contaminants. Ces conditions obtenues avec de l’air ont été transposées en première approximation au système ozone/oxygène. L’étude du transfert de l’ozone et de sa réactivité avec les trois contaminants modèles, à différentes températures et concentrations en ozone, a conduit à la détermination des constantes cinétiques de réaction et a montré que les contaminants étaient, selon leur nature, oxydés ou dépolymérisés. Bien que la DCO des solutions traitées diminue très peu après la flottation réactive à l’ozone, la qualité des effluents est améliorée sur le plan de leur biodégradabilité. / The decrease of the recovered paper collection quality and the accumulation of dissolved substances in process water affect the deinking line efficiency and contaminate more and more the liquid effluents. In this context the LGP2 has developed an innovative deinking process, the ozone reactive flotation, to chemically degrade dissolved pollutants in parallel with ink removal. To better understand the mechanisms involved, air and ozone/oxygen flotation trials have been conducted on three model contaminants selected in a preliminary bibliographic review, in a two-phase gas/liquid system, in the absence of fibers. Experiments have been carried out on two instrumented laboratory pilots: a bubble column operating only with air for the study of the hydrodynamics of the reactor (bubbles size and distribution, gas hold-up) in the presence of dissolved contaminants, and a second one, similar in its conception but built using materials resistant to corrosive gas, dedicated to the study of the oxidation reactions with ozone. The evaluation of the hydrodynamics related to gas flow and injection system selected, studied with air but supposed to be the same with ozone/oxygen gas mixture, shows that the bubble size, with or without contaminants, is optimal for an efficient flotation process. The study of ozone mass transfer and reactivity with the three model contaminants, for several temperatures and ozone concentrations, leads to the calculation of kinetic constants and shows that the contaminants, depending on their nature, have been oxidized or depolymerized. Although the COD of the treated solutions does not decrease a lot after the ozone reactive flotation, the effluent quality has been improved in terms of biodegradability since contaminants are partially degraded.

A presente dissertação analisa os índices nas quedas das matrículas iniciais nos cursos de Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil entre 2000 a 2012, com ênfase a partir do ano de 2008 após a Reorganização destes cursos na cidade de São Paulo, promovida pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Os conceitos que fundamentaram nossas análises foram os do trabalho, educação e das contradições, analisados sob o capital. Na pesquisa ao ampliar a escala de observação,revelaram-se quedas nas matrículas em âmbito nacional. A partir da constatação nos índices dessas quedas nas matrículas em EJA, tornou-se o foco da pesquisa identificar as condicionantes e as determinantes que impulsionaram tais quedas nas matrículas destes cursos para Jovens e Adultos. Buscamos fundamentar a hipótese central ao problema apresentado sob dois parâmetros. O primeiro na investigação pela abordagem quantitativa, pela frequência dos índices apontados pelos institutos oficiais de recenseamento e estatísticas consultados e analisados sob a metodologia de análise de conteúdos, de acordo com Bardin (1977) e o segundo parâmetro qualitativamente, pela presença com que os dados emergiram no levantamento empírico em campo.O materialismo dialético foi a base epistemológica que norteou o pensamento central nas análises, orientadas em Lefebvre (1969; 2006). Dos resultados,como tendência determinante,emergiu o crescimento na oferta das carteiras de trabalho assinadas, no período de realização desta pesquisa.A pesquisa eleva à discussão sobre o pensamento liberal dominante e seus discursos, dos quais, têm sustentado algumas ações de governos municipais, estaduais ou federal em políticas educacionais para os cursos dessa modalidade de ensino. Tenta desocultar o problema apresentado na pesquisa,desde as suas bases, considerando as complexas relações sociais que se estabelecem nas sociedades atuais. / This dissertation analyzes the indexes on the falls of initial enrollment in the courses Youth and Adults in Brazil from 2000 to 2012, with emphasis from the year 2008 after the reorganization of these courses in the city of São Paulo, sponsored by the Municipal education. The conceptsthat underlie our analyzes were the work, education and contradictions, analyzed under the capital. In research to expand the scale of observation, proved declines in enrollments nation wide. From the observation of these indices declines inenrollments in adult education, has become the focus of research to identify conditions and determinants that drove these declines in enrollment in these courses for youngsters and adults. We seek to support the central hypothesis to the problem in two parameters. The first research on the quantitative approach, the frequency of the indices mentioned by official institutes census and statistics consulted and analyzed unde rthe methodology of content analysis, according to Bardin(1977) and the second parameter qualitatively by the presence in the data emerged the empirical survey in the field. Dialectical materialism was the epistemological basis that guided the central thought in the analysis, oriented Lefebvre(1969, 2006). Results as determining tendency, emerged the growth in supply of work papers signed, from this research. The research raises the discussion of liberal thought and its dominant discourses, which have sustained some actions of municipal, state or federal education policy for the courses of this type of education. Tries to uncover the problem presented in the research, since its foundation, considering the complex social relations that are established in current societies.

[pt] Na descrição do português do Brasil, as expressões adverbiais locativas de origem e de meta, exigidas pela valência de verbos de movimento tetravalentes, apresentam peculiaridades quanto à realização nos enunciados. Neste trabalho, a análise realizada é de caráter qualitativo, com base nas propostas da gramática de valências. Examina a possibilidade de realização de cada argumento citado e as motivações, os efeitos gerados na sua relação com os verbos de que dependem. Os locativos que indicam meta e que complementam o quarto espaço dos verbos de movimento/direção possuem freqüência maior de realização, quando os verbos inferem transferência de lugar. Este trabalho considera o valor das preposições que acompanham os complementos e os advérbios que indicam o espaço dêitico. / [en] In the description of the Brazilian Portuguese, the valency of verbs of movement opens four spaces which are fullfilled by adverbial expressions considered locatives of origen and goal. These expressions present peculiarities regarding the realization in utterances. Based on the proposals of the valency grammar, an analysis of qualitative aspect was provided aiming to examine the possibility of realization of each argument mentioned and the motivations and results generated in their relationship with the verbs on which they depend. The locatives that indicate goal and complement the fourth space of the verbs of movement / direction occur more often when these verbs infer location transferance. This dissertation considers the value of prepositions that accompany the complements and the adverbs that indicate the deitic space.

With the shift to learn and consume information through our mobile devices, most academic research is still only presented in long-form text. The Stanford Scholar Initiative has explored the segment of content creation and consumption of academic research through video. However, there has been another popular shift in presenting information from various social media platforms and media outlets in the past few years. Snapchat and Instagram have introduced the concept of tappable “Stories” that have gained popularity in the realm of content consumption. To accelerate the growth of the creation of these research talks, I propose an alternative to video: a tappable Snapchat-like interface. This style is achieved using AMP, Google’s open source project to optimize web experiences on mobile, and particularly the AMP Stories visual medium. My research seeks to explore how the process and quality of consuming the content of academic papers would change if instead of watching videos, users would consume content through Stories on mobile instead. Since this form of content consumption is still largely unresearched in the academic context, I approached this research with a human-centered design process, going through a few iterations to test various prototypes before formulating research questions and designing an experiment. I tested various formats of research consumption through Stories with pilot users, and learned many lessons to iterate from along the way. I created a way to consume research papers in a Stories format, and designed a comparative study to measure the effectiveness of consuming research papers through the Stories medium and the video medium. The results indicate that Stories are a quicker way to consume the same content, and improve the user’s pace of comprehension. Further, the Stories medium provides the user a self-paced method—both temporally and content-wise—to consume technical research topics, and is deemed as a less boring method to do so in comparison to video. While Stories gave the learner a chance to actively participate in consumption by tapping, the video experience is enjoyed because of its reduced effort and addition of an audio component. These findings suggest that the Stories medium may be a promising interface in educational contexts, for distributing scientific content and assisting with active learning.

<p>This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. </p><p>The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. Adjectives and demonstratives collocating with the gender-related terms are also investigated, as previous research has shown that referent gender has an impact on the use of adjectives as well.</p><p>The results show that the use of gender-related terms is influenced by both region of origin and referent gender. It is suggested that this is due in part to the difference in nature between Early Modern English society and the early American colonies, and in part due to the social roles which men and women had. Referent gender also has an impact on the type of adjectives used in connection with gender-related terms: adjectives collocating with gender-related terms denoting men have positive connotations to a larger extent than do adjectives collocating with their female counterparts; meanwhile, gender-related terms denoting women tend to collocate with negative adjectives. </p>

This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. Adjectives and demonstratives collocating with the gender-related terms are also investigated, as previous research has shown that referent gender has an impact on the use of adjectives as well. The results show that the use of gender-related terms is influenced by both region of origin and referent gender. It is suggested that this is due in part to the difference in nature between Early Modern English society and the early American colonies, and in part due to the social roles which men and women had. Referent gender also has an impact on the type of adjectives used in connection with gender-related terms: adjectives collocating with gender-related terms denoting men have positive connotations to a larger extent than do adjectives collocating with their female counterparts; meanwhile, gender-related terms denoting women tend to collocate with negative adjectives.

Sweden is a multi cultural country, where almost twenty percent of the population come from another cultural background. This study examines to what extent people with a foreign origin appear in two local, Swedish newspapers, Barometern and Östra Småland, and what role they are given. Do they appear as foreigners or immigrants or do they figure as any Swede, irrespective of their origin background? We have made a review by studying pictures of people with a foreign origin, based on name and appearance. During the time period, March 1st – April 30 th 2010, there were 2206 articles with pictures of people where 189 of them did show people with a foreign origin. Although, only 22 of these persons occurred in their role as foreigner or immigrant, the remaining majority occurred due to personal character or competence. Thus, the origin background did not matter in the context.

The main aim of this study to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditionally designed chemistry instruction on overcoming 10th grade students&amp / #8217 / misconceptions, their understanding of rate of reaction concepts and attitude towards chemistry as a school subject. 56 tenth grade students from two classes of a chemistry course taught by the same teacher in the ATAT&Uuml / RK Anatolian High school, participated in the study. This study was carried out in 2003-2004 spring semester. There were two groups in the study. Experimental group was instructed with conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies and the control group was instructed by traditionally designed chemistry instruction over a period of four weeks. To investigate the effect of treatment, Rate of Reaction Concepts Test and Attitude Scale Toward Chemistry as a school subject were administered to all students in both groups at the beginning and end of the treatment. To evaluate students&amp / #8217 / science process skills, Science Process Skills Test was administered before treatment. To test the hypothesis of the study ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. The result of the study showed that students in conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies got higher average scores in Rate of Reaction Concepts Test than traditionally designed chemistry instruction. Also, students in experimental group indicated a higher positive attitude toward chemistry as a school subject. In addition, science process skill was a strong predictor for the achievement related to rate of reaction concepts. Results and strategies that were developed for this study may be used by teachers to reduce and eliminate students&amp / #8217 / misconceptions about the rate of reaction concepts.