CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O glicerol à o principal subproduto obtido no processo de produÃÃo do biodiesel a partir da transesterificaÃÃo de Ãleos vegetais. A sua crescente produÃÃo tem provocado queda do preÃo do glicerol, visto que seu mercado nÃo cresce no mesmo ritmo, porÃm, isso tem despertado muito interesse no desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas a transformaÃÃo do glicerol atravÃs de processos catalÃticos. Diante disso, os mÃtodos dos precursores polimÃricos e de impregnaÃÃo Ãmida foram utilizados na preparaÃÃo de amostras compostas dos Ãxidos de cobre e alumÃnio, visando aplicÃ-los como catalisadores na conversÃo do glicerol em acetol. A tese foi divida em quatro partes, sendo a primeira dedicada ao estudo da influÃncia do teor de cobre e o efeito do componente usado como suporte no desempenho catalÃtico. Na segunda, foi observado o efeito do mÃtodo de preparaÃÃo nas propriedades estruturais, texturais e morfolÃgicas e como consequÃncia no desempenho catalÃtico. Na terceira e quarta partes do trabalho foi visto como as propriedades Ãcido-base afetam a performance dos catalisadores durante a transformaÃÃo do glicerol. As amostras foram caracterizadas por diferentes tÃcnicas: ICP-OES, TGA, DTA, DRX, MEV, MET, microcalorimetria de adsorÃÃo de amÃnia e CO2 e isotermas de adsorÃÃo de N2. Nota-se que a conversÃo do glicerol e a seletividade para acetol aumentam com o acrÃscimo da quantidade de cobre e com a elevaÃÃo da Ãrea superficial. Os resultados confirmam que o modo que as amostras sÃo preparadas propicia mudanÃas nas suas propriedades estruturais, texturais e morfolÃgicas, que consequentemente afetam o desempenho catalÃtico. Observa-se tambÃm que os sÃtios Ãcidos ou bÃsicos isolados possuem um papel secundÃrio na reaÃÃo, entretanto, os catalisadores com cobre mostram que esse metal à o principal sÃtio ativo no processo de transformaÃÃo do glicerol. PorÃm, os sÃtios de cobre combinados com um sÃtio Ãcido ou bÃsico podem ter um papel primordial na atividade, seletividade e estabilidade das amostras. AlÃm disso, foi visto a partir do DRX dos catalisadores utilizados na reaÃÃo que a formaÃÃo de uma estrutura de cobre modificada na alumina conduz a um decrÃscimo na sinterizaÃÃo e correspondentemente melhores propriedades catalÃticas. / Glycerol is a waste by-product obtained throughout the production of biodiesel by transesterification of vegetable oils. The glycerine prices are falling due to its lack of market. This change in market has attracted much interest in development of research related to the transformation of glycerol by catalytic processes. Thus, polymeric precursor method and wet impregnation route were applied to synthesize copper and aluminum-based catalyst in order to convert glycerol into acetol. The thesis is divided into 4 parts.The first part was studied the influence of copper content and the effect of component used as support in the catalytic performance. In the second part, it was observed the effect of the preparation method in structural, textural and morphological properties and consequently in the catalytic activity. In the third and fourth part, it was investigated how the acid-base properties affect in the catalytic performance during the transformation of glycerol. The samples were characterized by different techniques ICP-OES, TGA, DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and microcalorimetry of NH3 and CO2 adsorption. It was note that the glycerol conversion and the acetol selectivity increased with the Cu loading and with the improvement of the specific surface area. The results confirmed that the way of catalyst preparation influences its structure, texture, morphology and subsequently the catalytic performance. It was also observed that acidic or basic sites alone play a secondary role in the reaction; however, copper-based catalysts showed that copper metal provides an active site for the transformation of glycerol. Nevertheless, copper metal sites combined with an acid or base site can play a major role in the activity, selectivity and stability of samples. Furthermore, it is observed by XRD of the spent catalysts that the presence of the copper-modified alumina decreases catalyst sintering and consequently improve the catalytic proprieties.

A presente tese tem por objetivo investigar as dinâmicas de apropriações humorísticas (com ênfase na questão da imagem, mas considerando o que é da ordem textual) de celebridades em blogs. Persegue-se, com isso, examinar como tais dinâmicas de apropriações vinculam-se às diferentes categorias de celebridades e expressões do humor. O referencial teórico do trabalho abrange uma revisão sobre a temática das celebridades e os autores relevantes do campo definido como celebrity studies, as articulações entre humor, riso e comicidade — e como o fenômeno do digital trash tem permeado as lógicas de apropriações humorísticas no contexto da web, além de problematizar o conceito de apropriação a partir de áreas distintas, tais como as artes visuais, a filosofia da linguagem e a comunicação. Para operacionalizar a pesquisa, elabora-se uma análise comparativa entre as postagens de dois blogs de humor sobre celebridades: o “Morri de Sunga Branca” e o “Te Dou Um Dado?”. Esta análise tem seu caráter qualitativo amparado em dados quantitativos, a partir da coleta de dados da produção de ambos os blogs entre os meses de Abril e Setembro de 2014 (resultando em um total de 81 postagens do “Morri de Sunga Branca e 351 do “Te Dou Um Dado?”). Também foram extraídos os dados das fanpages dos blogs no Facebook, utilizando-se o aplicativo Netvizz, de modo a observar o direcionamento das postagens para o ambiente dos blogs, bem como averiguar aspectos relativos às métricas e processualidades de cada um deles. Os resultados demonstram indícios de que a quantidade de postagens não significa, necessariamente, maior retorno em métricas para um blog, e apontam para um conjunto de 7 recursos comuns de apropriação no que se refere às imagens, tanto em um ambiente como em outro. Tais recursos constituem-se de: fotografia, GIF, montagem, screenshot de site, screenshot de site de rede social, screenshot de frame — de vídeo, de programa televisivo ou filme — e vídeo. Por fim, como desdobramento da análise, se verifica a existência de um conjunto de tipos de celebridades que aparecem, de forma geral, em blogs como estes. Assim, com base em autores que já haviam estabelecido algum tipo de categorização de conjunto de celebridades formula-se uma proposta de tipologia de celebridades levando-se em consideração o que se viu nas postagens do “Morri de Sunga Branca” e do “Te Dou Um Dado?”. A tipologia em questão contempla as seguintes categorias — sendo as cinco primeiras ancoradas em Rojek (2008): Celebridade Adquirida (dividida entre Global e Local), Celebridade Atribuída, Celebridade Conferida, Celetóide, Celeator, Webcelebridade, Celebridade Fronteiriça e Sujeito Tangencial à Visibilidade Midiática. / This thesis’ main objective is to investigate the dynamics on the comical appropriation (with an emphasis on imagery, but also considering the textual aspect) of celebrities on blogs. We thus examine how these dynamics of appropriation are linked to the different celebrity categories and humor expressions. Our theoretical approach encompasses a review of the theme of celebrity and the relevant authors on the field of celebrity studies, the links among humor, laughter and comicality – and how the phenomena of digital trash has permeated the logic in humorous appropriation on the Web, as well as analyzing the concept of appropriation from distinct areas such as visual arts, philosophy of language, and communication. The method of the research is a comparative analysis of posts on two Brazilian humor blogs on celebrities: “Morri de Sunga Branca” and “The Dou um Dado?”. The qualitative analysis is supported by quantitative data, from data collection pertaining to the publishings of both blogs from April through September of 2014 (a total of 81 posts from “Morri de Sunga Branca” and 351 from “Te Dou um Dado?”). We also collected data from their fan pages on Facebook using the app Netvizz to better observe the redirectioning from these posts to the blog platform, and to investigate metrics and processes of each of them as well. The results show signs that the quantity of posts does not necessarily mean highest metrics on the blogs, and point to a set of 7 common appropriation resources of the images, on both sites. These resources are: photographs, GIF, collage, website screenshots, social networks screenshots, frame screenshots – of a video, TV program or motion picture – and video. Lastly, as a development of the analysis, we may observe a set of subtypes of celebrities that are generally featured on blogs like these. Based on authors who had already proposed some sort of categorization of types of celebrities, we propose a typology of celebrities based on data extracted from posts of “Morri de Sunga Branca” and “Te Dou um Dado?” – the first five types as proposed by Rojek (2008): Ascribed Celebrity (Global or Local), Achieved Celebrity, Attributed Celebrity, Celetoid, Celeactor, Web celebrity, Borderline Celebrity and Person Subject to Tangential Media Visibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:02:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiago.pdf: 2481710 bytes, checksum: b6ca68e9c8339ffcfd02dd0cdae775ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / The evolution in web applications development favored the emergence of dynamic pages. This development was made possible through the creation of new technologies like script functions and web browser advanced features that provided the insertion of new features and creation of interactive services, such as Internet banking, social networks, e-commerce, blogs and forums. The use of these new resources and features has gradually improved the interactivity and usability of web applications. Moreover, the inappropriate use of these features resulted in the emergence of several attacks, including, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) that is highlighted at the top of lists and reports of the greatest threats to web applications in recent years. This works demonstrates the feasibility of using a methodology that is capable to detect XSS attacks by analyzing the information contained in applications. A prototype of the methodology, called ETSSDetector, was developed and compared with similar tools. The results show that by analyzing the input fields, it is possible to generate more effective tests, decreasing the amount of requests made in the application. Furthermore, the ability to fill the fields with only valid information ensures the submission of forms on pages, increasing the detection rate of XSS attacks. / A evolução no desenvolvimento para aplicações web favoreceu o surgimento de páginas dinâmicas. Tal evolução foi possível através da criação de novas tecnologias como funções de script e recursos avançados em navegadores web que proporcionaram a inserção de novas funcionalidades e criação de serviços interativos, tais como Internet banking, redes sociais, e-commerce, blogs e fóruns. A utilização desses recursos e funcionalidades tem melhorado gradativamente a interatividade e usabilidade das aplicações web. Por outro lado, o uso inadequado dessas funcionalidades acarretou no surgimento de diversos ataques, entre eles, o Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Este ataque tem recebido muito destaque nos últimos anos, por estar no topo de listas e relatórios das maiores ameaças para aplicações web nos últimos anos. Este trabalho demonstra a viabilidade de uso de uma metodologia capaz de detectar ataques XSS em aplicações web através da análise de informações contidas nas aplicações. Um protótipo da metodologia, denominado de ETSSDetector, foi desenvolvido e comparado com outras ferramentas similares. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, através da análise dos campos de entrada, é possível a geração de testes mais efetivos, diminuindo a quantidade de requisições realizadas na aplicação. Além disso, a habilidade de preenchimento dos campos da aplicação apenas com informações válidas garante a submissão dos formulários das páginas, aumentando a taxa de detecção de ataques XSS.

O estudo a seguir desdobra as questões de site specificity na arte contemporânea e suas modificações nas três últimas décadas. A compreensão do espaço em arte tomou novas formas não só em função dos espaços e dos discursos artísticos, mas também em função dos novos meios e linguagens. Essas mudanças demandaram alguns acompanhamentos por parte dos espaços expositivos, bem como um novo olhar sobre o que se entende por site specific art. Com base, principalmente nas propostas de Miwon Kwon, o presente material compara as obras de arte contemporânea, tecendo diálogos com as mudanças vistas. Espaços institucionalizados, como Inhotim, dialogam com a noção de site specificic arts, demonstrando as observações sobre site specificity. A pesquisa apresenta esta jornada e fornece subsídios para vislumbrar o espaço da arte contemporânea na segunda década do século XXI. / The following research unfolds site specificity matters on contemporary art and its changes for the last three decades. The comprehension of the space in art had reached new standards, not only due to artistic spaces and discourses, but also for new media and languages. Theses changes demanded some accomplishments at the exhibition spaces as well as new looks over what one understands as site specific art. Upon Miwon Kown premisses this study compares contemporary art works creating dialogs with the modifications already achieved. Institutionalized spaces, such as Inhotim, converse with site specific arts, what reinforces the need for a site specificity stare. The probe validates the jouney and endorses a fresh look over contemporary art on the second decade of the 21st century

La turbulence optique et son impact sur les images obtenues à partir d'instruments de mesure est un phénomène connu dans le domaine de l'astronomie. Des modèles issus de la théorie de Kolmogorov, développée pour une turbulence dynamique, ainsi que des méthodes de correction, telles que l'optique adaptative, existent pour l'analyse et la compensation des effets de cette turbulence optique. L'analyse de cette dernière dans les milieux confinés est cependant plus limitée. Les sources susceptibles de générer une turbulence optique dans ces espaces sont pourtant multiples et peuvent avoir un impact non négligeable sur les mesures des instruments installés à proximité. Ce mémoire constitue une première approche de la caractérisation de la turbulence optique dans un espace confiné. Après l'introduction des phénomènes étudiés et des outils mathématiques employés, ce mémoire présente les résultats issus d'analyses de coupoles de télescopes et de caractérisations de salles blanches employées par l'entreprise Thales Alenia Space pour l'intégration et le test d'instruments optiques. Ces résultats sont obtenus avec l'instrument INTENSE, développé durant la thèse pour la caractérisation de la turbulence optique locale via la mesure des fluctuations des angles d'arrivée de multiples faisceaux lasers. En prévision de futurs améliorations de l'analyse de la turbulence en espace confiné, un chapitre du mémoire est dédié aux travaux réalisés sur une méthode d'extraction du profil de l'énergie de la turbulence et à son application sur l'instrument INTENSE. Les conclusions et les perspectives des travaux réalisés pendant la thèse sont présentées à la fin du mémoire. / Optical turbulence and its impact on measured images is a well-known phenomenon in astronomy. Models based on the Kolmogorov theory, elaborated for a dynamical turbulence description, and methods, such as Adaptive Optics, were both developed so as to understand and correct the degradations caused by this turbulence. Analysis of the same phenomenon in indoor situation was however less investigated. The local air volume is nonetheless prone to optical perturbations sources which could have non negligible impacts on the measurements of instruments installed at proximity. This document introduces a first approach of indoor optical turbulence characterization. After the introduction of the studied phenomenon and the mathematical tools employed, this thesis present optical turbulence characterizations inside Thales Alenia Space clean rooms used for optical instrument integration and testing. Analyses inside telescope domes are also shown in this document. All the results were obtained using the INTENSE instrument which was developed during the thesis for optical turbulence characterizations using angle of arrival fluctuations of laser beams. In anticipation for future ameliorations of optical turbulence analysis methods, a chapter of this thesis is dedicated to the work made on a turbulence energy profile extraction and its application on the INTENSE instrument. Conclusions and perspectives of the work made during this thesis are presented at the end of the document.

Malgré les propriétés remarquables de polyéthylène de masse molaire très élevée(UHMWPE), une généralisation de son application est limitée en raison des difficultésrencontrées lors de sa mise en forme, liées au taux d’enchevêtrement important deschaînes.Le but de ce travail est de développer des nanocomposites et des mélanges à base depolyéthylène, par polymérisation in situ. A cet effet, des catalyseurs métallocènes et despost-métallocènes ont été immobilisés par différentes méthodes sur la silice mésoporeuseSBA-15. Le système poreux de ce support, avec des canaux bien définis à l'échellenanométrique, peut entraîner des effets de confinement des chaînes macromoléculaireset/ou permettre un mélange intime des polymères.Le comportement de la polymérisation de l'éthylène par catalyses homogène et supporté,ainsi que les méthodes d'immobilisation utilisées et leur effet sur l'activité depolymérisation et des masses molaires, ont été évalués.Une caractérisation complète des nanocomposites et des mélanges comprenant différentsaspects des matériaux (morphologie, cristallinité et homogénéité) a été réalisée. Lespropriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux finaux ont été également évaluées.D'une manière générale, les nanocomposites à base de polyéthylène et les mélanges enréacteur ont montré des propriétés mécaniques améliorées, en termes de moduled'élasticité, résistance mécanique, ténacité et résistance au fluage, par comparaison avec lespolyéthylènes communs. En traitant la poudre d'UHMWPE par moulage, par compression àhaute pression et au-dessous de sa température de fusion, une augmentation remarquabledes paramètres mécaniques a été obtenue.Les résultats préliminaires sur la préparation de nanocomposites en utilisant desnanocristaux de cellulose ont montré que cette approche est faisable et qu’elle présente unpotentiel de développement. / Despite the remarkable properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, itsapplication is limited by the difficulties encountered in conventional melt processing duethe high degree of entanglement of the chains.The aim of this work is to develop polyethylene based nanocomposites and in-reactorblends, by in situ polymerization. For this purpose metallocenes and post-metallocenecatalysts were immobilized by different methods on mesoporous silica SBA-15. The poroussystem of this support, with well-defined channels at the nanometric scale, may causeconfinement effects of macromolecular chains and/or potentiate intimate mixing ofpolymer blends.Ethylene polymerization behavior of the homogeneous and the supported systems alongwith the immobilization methodologies used and their effect on the polymerization activityand polymer molar masses were evaluated.A complete characterization of the nanocomposites and blends comprising different aspectsof the materials properties (morphology, crystallinity and homogeneity) was carried out.The thermal and mechanical properties of the final materials were also evaluated.In a general way the polyethylene based nanocomposites and in-reactor blends showedimproved mechanical properties, in terms of elastic modulus, mechanical strength,toughness and creep resistance, when compared with neat polyethylenes. By processing theUHMWPE powders by compression molding, at high pressure and below its meltingtemperature a remarkable increase of the mechanical parameters was obtained.Preliminary results on the preparation of nanocomposites using cellulose nanowhiskershave shown that this approach is feasible and show potential for further development.

In my thesis, I focused on optimalization web sites for full-text search engines and other forms of promotion in the context of the Internet. The goal of my work is to apply various means of optimizing and promotion website to its life cycle and the ongoing processes in this life cycle. To achieve the goals I set out as follows thesis divided into three relatively independent parts. The first part is devoted to describing the life cycle of web and selected processes taking place in this life cycle. The second part is devoted to descriptions of individual resources optimization and promotion web. In the final section, I described the means to apply optimization and promotion web site life cycle and processes associated with it, which I have described and illustrated in the first part of the work.

This mini-thesis serves as an introduction to the drawing up of a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) plan for Thulamela Heritage Site in the Kruger National Park. It is envisaged that this will be a strategy by which Thulamela heritage resources (including natural and cultural elements) will be identified, their significance assessed, and interpretations constructed to guide their conservation and presentation in a manner that is consistent with their availability for public appreciation or enjoyment. Thulamela Project involves the process of locating, assessing, and dealing appropriately with the Thulamela heritage resources which are represented by the physical manifestation of humanity’s interaction with the natural world around the site and surrounding landscape of Thulamela. This thesis will serve as a guideline towards designing a CRM plan for Thulamela Heritage Site that will be practical. Most of the issues here are management plan issues that the KNP should start implementing in order to preserve and conserve the site for future generations. This study is a result of fieldwork undertaken in the KNP. Problem areas and opportunities are identified. Goals and objectives of a Management Plan for Thulamela Heritage Site are identified and solutions are proposed. Three appendices have been added at the end of the thesis. These are additional recommendations that can be implemented concurrently with the implementation of the CRM plan. The additions are: - Professor Tom Huffman’s “Standard interpretation brochure”. This is a brochure that is intended to be used by Thulamela Tour Guides during trips. It emerged as a result of differing information from different tour guides at Thulamela. The brochure that is attached herewith is still a draft. It will have to be perused and approved by the Thulamela Heritage Site Board of Trustees. - The “Suggested excursion plan or booking system” for Thulamela. This is designed inrder to allow a free flow of tourists to the site. - Of most importance is the “Proposed heritage agreement” to be reached between the South African National Parks (SANP) and Thulamela Board of Trustees. Other members may be added in the process, depending on the agreement between the two most important key stakeholders. The KNP is encouraged to evaluate the thesis and decide which issues are to be dealt with as a priority. The author strongly believes that the implementation of some of the proposals as outlined in this thesis will add value to the preservation and conservation of Thulamela Heritage Site. The thesis will also be helpful to the assessment and management of other heritage sites within the KNP and SANP in general. The document gives the Social Ecology (SE) department the option to utilize the document as it is or to expand it if necessary. / Dissertation (MA (Heritage and Museum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o trabalho artís tico Projeto para a Ocupação de uma Casa, realizado dentro do programa de mestrado em Poéticas Visuais entre 2004 e 2005. Através desse trabalho pretendeu-se compreender e aprofundar o interesse no ambiente doméstico presente na produção que o antecedeu. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão crítica dessa produção, onde foram identificados os principais assuntos, recursos e problemas que formaram o interesse no ambiente doméstico. Essa revisão constitui a primeira parte desta dissertação. Na segunda parte, é analisado o Projeto. Partindo de um conjunto de referências prioritariamente literárias, uma série de objetos foi elaborada para ocupar cada um dos cômodos de uma casa escolhida, de modo que, ao percorrê-la, uma narrativa de caráter ficcional se formava. No texto, verificam-se as intenções e resultados de cada peça e ambiente; se elas cumpriram a meta de aprofundamento e entendimento da questão doméstica, as suas soluções formais, os sentidos que engendraram e o papel que desempenharam na constituição da narrativa. / The objective of this thesis is to analyze the art work Project for the Occupation of a House, which was developed within the masters program in Visual Poetics, between 2004 and 2005. The thesis has aimed at understanding and deepening the interest in the domestic environment that was present in the production that preceded it. In order to achieve this, a critical review of the production was carried out, in which the main subjects, resources and problems involved in the interest in the domestic environment were identified. This review constitutes the first part of the thesis. In the second part, the Project is analyzed. With the background of a number of primarily literary references, a series of objects was elaborated to occupy each of the rooms of a chosen house, in a way that as the house was visited, a narrative of fictional character was formed. In the text, the intentions and results of each piece and surrounding are checked: whether or not they have achieved the result of deepening the understanding of the domestic question, their formal solutions, the meanings that were generated, and the role they played in the cons titution of the narrative.

This project is a web based application tha provides a friendly and simple interface to let users easily record and modify their travel experiences anytime or anywhere.