Detta examensarbete har undersökt möjligheterna att kombinera multi-master databasreplikeringstekniker tillsammans med en LEMP-stack på små servrar för att öka tillgängligheten av e-Learning tjänster i avlägsna områden i Tanzania. Målet var att utvärdera kombinationen av Symmetric DS för databas synkronisering och kollitionsdetektering och resolution med e-Learning systemet Moodle. Detta gjordes genom att en litteraturstudie genomfördes och uppföjdes av implementation och konfiguration på plats i Tanzania. Slutsatsen var att de för projektet utvalda teknologierna, mjukvaran och hårdvaran var konfigurerbar i teorin men ohållbart kostsam att implementera i praktiken. / This research has investigated the possibility to combine multi-master database replication technologies together with a LEMP-stack on tiny servers to increase the availability of e-Learning services in remote areas in Tanzania. The aim was to evaluate the combination of Symmetric DS for multi master database replication and conflict detection and resolution with the e-learning system Moodle. This was done by conducting a literature study of relevant technologies followed by implementation and configuration at the location. The conclusion was that the technologies, software and hardware chosen for the project were configurable in theory but not viable to implement and maintain in practice.

Les nouveaux dispositifs de formation à distance représentent de nouvelles modalités de formation dans l’enseignement supérieur. Ces dispositifs impliquent l’utilisation d’environnements pédagogiques adaptés qui favorisent les situations de travail collaboratif. La collaboration au sein de ces outils résulte non seulement des interactions entre les étudiants, mais aussi des modalités de travail et d’accompagnement mises en place au préalable par les enseignants, notamment pour que les interactions fassent sens pour les étudiants. Ainsi, la question qui guide cette étude de cas est la suivante. Comment se caractérise le travail collaboratif des étudiants dans les blogs dans le cadre du cours ETA 6538? Plus précisément, nous cherchons à comprendre comment les étudiants collaborent à l'intérieur des blogs et quels sont les indicateurs propices à cette collaboration. À l’issue de notre étude, nous proposons une liste de recommandations pour favoriser la mise en place et le déroulement du travail collaboratif au sein des blogs, ainsi que des indicateurs pouvant servir à l’évaluation de la collaboration. Les concepts exploités dans ce mémoire sont relatifs au processus d'acquisition de savoir à partir de la collaboration émanant des interactions au sein des TIC, des dispositifs d’apprentissage en ligne et plus particulièrement des blogues. Nous avons utilisé une méthode de type à la fois quantitative et qualitative. Les blogs de huit étudiants ont été analysés. Les résultats de ces analyses montrent que les étudiants ont collaboré au sein des blogs et qu’ensemble, ils ont fait émergé de nouveaux savoirs et connaissances. / New operations of distance learning represent new education’s modalities in higher education. These operations imply use of adapted learning environment, which promote collaborative work situations. Collaboration within these tools result from interaction between students and also from modalities work and support put in place by teachers in order to make sure that these interactions are clear for students. Thus, the question that leads this study case is as follows. What characterizes the collaborative work of students in blogs under ETA 6538 course? Specifically, we want to understand how students collaborate within blogs and what indicators are conducive to such collaboration. Following our study, we propose a list of recommendations to promote the establishment and conduct of collaborative work in blogs, as well as indicators that can be used for evaluation of the collaboration. The concepts used in this thesis are related to the process of acquiring knowledge from the collaboration from the interactions among ICT, online learning systems, especially blogs. We used a type of both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Blogs of eight students were tested. The results of these studies show that students have collaborated in blogs and together they have emerged from new knowledge and skill.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as relações de construção e contribuição entre a Metodologia da Autoavaliação Institucional -- MAAI e a Gestão Pedagógica de Projetos em Educação a Distância -- EAD. A MAAI pode ser definida como um conjunto de procedimentos sistematizados, voltados à análise e desenvolvimento dos componentes, agentes e processos que constituem a gestão pedagógica de projetos na EAD. Para entendimento teórico, a presente pesquisa investiga conceitos, origem e história da Avaliação Institucional, com foco nas IES brasileiras e na regulação da modalidade EAD. Também revisa fundamentos que identifiquem a complexidade da gestão pedagógica da educação on-line e a importância de concebermos um instrumento com foco no aperfeiçoamento contínuo de elementos da didática da aprendizagem. A sequência da pesquisa descreve a MAAI como é proposta, relata sua origem e evolução, apresenta as suas etapas, os processos e enumera os resultados obtidos com o uso sistemático da MAAI nos cursos de graduação na UnisulVirtual, campus virtual da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. A análise toma como objeto de estudo, mais especificamente, a aplicação da MAAI no Curso de Graduação a Distância em Administração. A finalidade é criar oportunidade para observar o uso da MAAI, avaliar o seu potencial como instrumento de aperfeiçoamento contínuo e inovação da gestão pedagógica de projetos em EAD, reconhecer dificuldades e sucessos. A análise tem como proposta ampliar a compreensão sobre o uso dessa metodologia na gestão pedagógica de projetos em EAD e indicar caminhos para a evolução de instrumentos de avaliação e de gestão de cursos on-line. O referencial teórico-metodológico adotado é o da pesquisa qualitativa baseada nos pressupostos da análise de conteúdos e do método crítico-dialético. / This study aims to analyze the building and contribution relationships between the Institutional Self Evaluation Methodology (MAAI) and the Educational Management of Projects in Distance Education (DE). MAAI can be defined as a set of systematic procedures used to analyze and develop components, agents and processes that constitute the education management of projects in DE. The theoretical background comprises concepts, the origin and the history of Institutional Evaluation with an emphasis on Brazilian Higher Education Institutions (IES) and on the regulation of the DE modality. It also reviews fundaments, which identify the complexity of educational management of online education, as well as the importance in conceiving an instrument focused on the continuous enhancement of elements of didactics and learning. The sequence used in this research describes the MAAI as it has been proposed, reports its origin and evolution, presents its stages and processes and lists the results obtained through its systematic use in undergraduate courses of UnisulVirtual, virtual campus of the University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL). The analysis takes into consideration, as its object of study, more specifically, the application of MAAI in the Distance Learning Undergraduate Management Course. The purpose of this research is the creation of an opportunity to observe the use of MAAI, as well as to evaluate its potential as a tool for continuous improvement and innovation in the education management of projects in DE, recognizing the difficulties and successes that can be found with the use of this methodology. The purpose of the analysis is to increase the comprehension related to the use of this methodology in education management in DE and indicate paths for the development of evaluation tools and management of online courses. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted in the study is the qualitative research based upon assumptions of content analysis and the criticaldialectic method.

<p>With the introduction of computers and Internet access at many schools, a whole new world of opportunities has opened up within the area of education. In 2005 the European Union eLearning programme introduced an action called eTwinning, which provides an opportunity for schools in the Member States of the European Union to register international partnerships and engage in ICT-based projects. The object of eTwinning is to promote school collaboration across the borders. The introduction of eTwinning provides many educational opportunities for teachers and students, but the inclusion of ICT-based projects also brings pedagogical challenges for teachers. This paper looks at how three Swedish upper secondary schools have used eTwinning as a teaching tool in their classroom to enhance the students’ English skills and include multicultural awareness studies as part of the curriculum, and also how they have incorporated course criteria from the national curriculum in these international projects. The analysis of the qualitative data will take into account pedagogical approaches that the teachers have used in the projects. The final discussion focuses on best practice ideas for eTwinning projects, based on the national course criteria in combination with pedagogical theory. One intention is with this paper is to encourage further studies on how eTwinning can be used as an integrated part of classroom activities based on the participating countries’ national curricula.</p>

Les nouveaux dispositifs de formation à distance représentent de nouvelles modalités de formation dans l’enseignement supérieur. Ces dispositifs impliquent l’utilisation d’environnements pédagogiques adaptés qui favorisent les situations de travail collaboratif. La collaboration au sein de ces outils résulte non seulement des interactions entre les étudiants, mais aussi des modalités de travail et d’accompagnement mises en place au préalable par les enseignants, notamment pour que les interactions fassent sens pour les étudiants. Ainsi, la question qui guide cette étude de cas est la suivante. Comment se caractérise le travail collaboratif des étudiants dans les blogs dans le cadre du cours ETA 6538? Plus précisément, nous cherchons à comprendre comment les étudiants collaborent à l'intérieur des blogs et quels sont les indicateurs propices à cette collaboration. À l’issue de notre étude, nous proposons une liste de recommandations pour favoriser la mise en place et le déroulement du travail collaboratif au sein des blogs, ainsi que des indicateurs pouvant servir à l’évaluation de la collaboration. Les concepts exploités dans ce mémoire sont relatifs au processus d'acquisition de savoir à partir de la collaboration émanant des interactions au sein des TIC, des dispositifs d’apprentissage en ligne et plus particulièrement des blogues. Nous avons utilisé une méthode de type à la fois quantitative et qualitative. Les blogs de huit étudiants ont été analysés. Les résultats de ces analyses montrent que les étudiants ont collaboré au sein des blogs et qu’ensemble, ils ont fait émergé de nouveaux savoirs et connaissances. / New operations of distance learning represent new education’s modalities in higher education. These operations imply use of adapted learning environment, which promote collaborative work situations. Collaboration within these tools result from interaction between students and also from modalities work and support put in place by teachers in order to make sure that these interactions are clear for students. Thus, the question that leads this study case is as follows. What characterizes the collaborative work of students in blogs under ETA 6538 course? Specifically, we want to understand how students collaborate within blogs and what indicators are conducive to such collaboration. Following our study, we propose a list of recommendations to promote the establishment and conduct of collaborative work in blogs, as well as indicators that can be used for evaluation of the collaboration. The concepts used in this thesis are related to the process of acquiring knowledge from the collaboration from the interactions among ICT, online learning systems, especially blogs. We used a type of both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Blogs of eight students were tested. The results of these studies show that students have collaborated in blogs and together they have emerged from new knowledge and skill.

Open Source Software (OSS) ist immer mehr verbreitet und anerkannt. Sie zeichnet sich insbesondere durch die Offenlegung des Quellcodes und die Möglichkeit der freien Verwendung und Weiterverarbeitung aus1. Auch im Bereich des eLearning2 spielen Open Source Lösungen zunehmend eine große Rolle, wobei sich vor allem in Universitäten zahlreiche Communities herausgebildet haben.

Die Kontexte, in denen Mitglieder virtueller Gemeinschaften zusammen lernen und arbeiten, werden von einer Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst: Während heutige Lernumgebungen oftmals mehrere didaktische Konzepte und ihre flexible Kombinierbarkeit (blended learning) berücksichtigen müssen, treten wechselnde Anforderungen an Arbeitsumgebungen virtueller Gemeinschaften häufig durch eine Steigerung des Sozialisierungsgrades und dem damit verbundenen Wunsch nach mehr Selbstadministration bzw. –regulation auf. Somit ist die Notwendigkeit zur Unterstützung dynamischer Kontexte zwar jeweils unterschiedlich begründet, führt aber bei der Umsetzung beider Systemklassen zu derselben konzeptionellen Herausforderung: Die technologische Infrastruktur muss möglichst reaktions- und anpassungsfähig bzgl. Kommunikation, Interaktion und Zusammenarbeit gestalten werden, um sowohl der individuellen als auch der kollektiven Entwicklungsdynamik ihrer Benutzer Rechnung zu tragen.

Die Evaluation von Lernmanagementsystem (LMS) unter didaktischen Gesichtspunkten hat ergeben, dass es den meisten gängigen LMS an einer brauchbaren Lernfortschrittsanzeige mangelt. Dies ist, wie auch Nutzerbefragungen zeigen, insbesondere in Individuallernszenarien ein gravierendes Problem mit starken Auswirkungen auf die Motivation der Lernenden. Ausgehend von dieser Situation wurde in der Arbeit eine didaktisch begründete Lernfortschrittsanzeige entworfen, implementiert und getestet. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit ist die Bedeutung der Lernfortschrittsanzeige in eLearning-Szenarien unter psychologischen und didaktischen Gesichtspunkten untersucht worden. Dabei wurde zum einen begründet, warum das Fehlen einer solchen Anzeige zu Problemen führt, zum anderen sind aus diesen Untersuchungen heraus Anforderungen an eine sinnvolle Gestaltung einer solchen Anzeige abgeleitet worden. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit ist den ermittelten Anforderungen der IST-Zustand dieses Features in gängigen LMS gegenüber gestellt worden. Dafür wurden acht LMS ausgewählt, die in dieser Hinsicht unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgen. Anschließend wurde unter Berücksichtigung der vorhergehenden Analysen ein eigener Ansatz entwickelt, prototypisch implementiert und evaluiert.

With the introduction of computers and Internet access at many schools, a whole new world of opportunities has opened up within the area of education. In 2005 the European Union eLearning programme introduced an action called eTwinning, which provides an opportunity for schools in the Member States of the European Union to register international partnerships and engage in ICT-based projects. The object of eTwinning is to promote school collaboration across the borders. The introduction of eTwinning provides many educational opportunities for teachers and students, but the inclusion of ICT-based projects also brings pedagogical challenges for teachers. This paper looks at how three Swedish upper secondary schools have used eTwinning as a teaching tool in their classroom to enhance the students’ English skills and include multicultural awareness studies as part of the curriculum, and also how they have incorporated course criteria from the national curriculum in these international projects. The analysis of the qualitative data will take into account pedagogical approaches that the teachers have used in the projects. The final discussion focuses on best practice ideas for eTwinning projects, based on the national course criteria in combination with pedagogical theory. One intention is with this paper is to encourage further studies on how eTwinning can be used as an integrated part of classroom activities based on the participating countries’ national curricula.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as relações de construção e contribuição entre a Metodologia da Autoavaliação Institucional -- MAAI e a Gestão Pedagógica de Projetos em Educação a Distância -- EAD. A MAAI pode ser definida como um conjunto de procedimentos sistematizados, voltados à análise e desenvolvimento dos componentes, agentes e processos que constituem a gestão pedagógica de projetos na EAD. Para entendimento teórico, a presente pesquisa investiga conceitos, origem e história da Avaliação Institucional, com foco nas IES brasileiras e na regulação da modalidade EAD. Também revisa fundamentos que identifiquem a complexidade da gestão pedagógica da educação on-line e a importância de concebermos um instrumento com foco no aperfeiçoamento contínuo de elementos da didática da aprendizagem. A sequência da pesquisa descreve a MAAI como é proposta, relata sua origem e evolução, apresenta as suas etapas, os processos e enumera os resultados obtidos com o uso sistemático da MAAI nos cursos de graduação na UnisulVirtual, campus virtual da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. A análise toma como objeto de estudo, mais especificamente, a aplicação da MAAI no Curso de Graduação a Distância em Administração. A finalidade é criar oportunidade para observar o uso da MAAI, avaliar o seu potencial como instrumento de aperfeiçoamento contínuo e inovação da gestão pedagógica de projetos em EAD, reconhecer dificuldades e sucessos. A análise tem como proposta ampliar a compreensão sobre o uso dessa metodologia na gestão pedagógica de projetos em EAD e indicar caminhos para a evolução de instrumentos de avaliação e de gestão de cursos on-line. O referencial teórico-metodológico adotado é o da pesquisa qualitativa baseada nos pressupostos da análise de conteúdos e do método crítico-dialético. / This study aims to analyze the building and contribution relationships between the Institutional Self Evaluation Methodology (MAAI) and the Educational Management of Projects in Distance Education (DE). MAAI can be defined as a set of systematic procedures used to analyze and develop components, agents and processes that constitute the education management of projects in DE. The theoretical background comprises concepts, the origin and the history of Institutional Evaluation with an emphasis on Brazilian Higher Education Institutions (IES) and on the regulation of the DE modality. It also reviews fundaments, which identify the complexity of educational management of online education, as well as the importance in conceiving an instrument focused on the continuous enhancement of elements of didactics and learning. The sequence used in this research describes the MAAI as it has been proposed, reports its origin and evolution, presents its stages and processes and lists the results obtained through its systematic use in undergraduate courses of UnisulVirtual, virtual campus of the University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL). The analysis takes into consideration, as its object of study, more specifically, the application of MAAI in the Distance Learning Undergraduate Management Course. The purpose of this research is the creation of an opportunity to observe the use of MAAI, as well as to evaluate its potential as a tool for continuous improvement and innovation in the education management of projects in DE, recognizing the difficulties and successes that can be found with the use of this methodology. The purpose of the analysis is to increase the comprehension related to the use of this methodology in education management in DE and indicate paths for the development of evaluation tools and management of online courses. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted in the study is the qualitative research based upon assumptions of content analysis and the criticaldialectic method.