No description available.

Im Optimierungsprozess einer Konstruktion und zur Variantenbildung ist die Nutzung der Parametrik für den Konstrukteur zum Standard und unverzichtbar geworden. Auslegungen und speziell die Festlegung von Abmessungen werden im Maschinenbau über die Umstellung von Analysegleichungen oder durch iterative Analysen, wie bspw. die numerische Optimierung durchgeführt. Die Mechanismenlehre ist eines der wenigen Fachgebiete, in denen speziell für die Auslegung klassische Syntheseverfahren entwickelt wurden. Im Zeitalter vollparametrischer CAD-Systeme erscheinen diese Verfahren in einem neuen Licht. Einfache getriebetechnische Kenntnisse sind für die Lösung von Führungs- und Bewegungsaufgaben zwar erforderlich, sind in Lehrbüchern, VDI-Richtlinien, TGL-Blättern usw. aber auch gut nachzulesen. Anhand einiger Beispiele soll hier gezeigt werden, wie diese klassischen grafischen Konstruktionsvorschriften auf einfache Weise in das CAD-System Pro/Engineer Wildfire integriert werden können. Der Konstrukteur kann seine Auslegung dynamisch interaktiv variieren und sogar verschiedene Gütewerte seines Getriebes dabei beobachten. Durch diese assoziative Komponente wird eine mehrparametrige Optimierung realisierbar. Im Vortrag wird an Beispielen gezeigt, dass ein CAD-Konstrukteur diesem Vorschlag folgen und das Verfahren anwenden kann, um einen ersten Entwurf vorzulegen. Eine weitgehende Verwendung von Zusatzmodulen, wie zum Beispiel Pro/Mechanica oder Pro/Mechanism, würde erst bei zusätzlichen Untersuchungen der Konstruktion erforderlich.

The eradication of global poverty is central to the concept of sustainable development. In developing nations the lack of essential infrastructure and technologies, which are necessary to provide people with their basic human rights, offer a central role for the engineer. These needs are increasing as new global threats, such as the pressures caused by population growth, the harmful effects of climate change or the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, have only heightened the difficulties which threaten the world’s poorest nations. Decades of development practice has allowed the profession of engineering to engage with many of these global issues. Over this period the engineering approaches, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have gradually moved from high impact and short-term disasters relief interventions to long-term endogenous solutions. This change in overall aims has raised awareness of the sustainability of current engineering interventions. Many of the results are not entirely positive. For example, in water supply engineering, certain national estimates of sustainability of hand-pump wells for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can range from 30- 80%. The role that the engineer could provide in addressing the concerns of poorer nations has not yet been fully realised. This thesis evaluates the current engineering models of service delivery that are used by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in developing nations. These models of technology transfer are supposed to provide communities in developing nations with a sustainable access to technologies that can provide for their basic rights. It is from within these models that engineers, who in many cases are foreign to the socio-cultural systems of the host nation, perform their engineering function and activities. The field research focuses on a case study of water supply engineering projects that have been carried out within the rural District of Tonkolili in Sierra Leone. To address the complex socio-cultural and socio-technical systems in Sierra Leone this field research adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment methods. This involved investigating both the technical and social sustainability issues found in Sierra Leone. The research visits were both inductive and deductive. They covered 150 spatially distributed villages in the rural district of Tonkolili. The methodologies used as part of this study involved; interviews, focus group discussions, community mapping, transect walks and technical observations, to provide a broad understanding of the sustainability issues affecting engineering projects. A total of 309 hand-pump wells, pulley systems and borehole water points were evaluated as part of the research. The study investigated the technical, socio-technical and socio-cultural consequences of these technology transfers - as well as the current condition of the social support mechanisms that are designed to sustain the water schemes. The results of the technical observations demonstrated that there are a diverse range of failures, from extreme to moderate, that have occurred at many of the water points. During the field visits observations of water supply solutions found to have urgent technical problems were frequent occurrences. The majority of the water points (96%) were found to have at least one technical failing that required immediate maintenance or further engineering assistance. The social research also indicated that, of the 4,700 individual categories monitored, a significant proportion (49%) were technical problems that were within the capacities of village members to address locally. These technical problems found to be ignored by the host communities. The NGO trained support mechanisms, which were designed to provide sustainability to the systems, for innumerable reasons, were unable to operate effectively. The breakdown in function of these supporting systems highlighted the serious weakness of current service delivery models in their ability to achieve sustainable engineering solutions. Investigating the relationship between the households and the water points suggests that the communities are not acting rationally towards their water sources. The majority of households were found to have unsafe water practices regardless of the provision of their improved sources. For example, many households that had access to improved water sources were found to still use their unimproved sources (30%). Many more (53%) complemented, and mixed, their unimproved water with water from their improved wells. This attitude towards safe water suggested that there were fundamentally flawed assumptions about how communities would receive and interact with their technologies. These household decisions, and the associated technical concerns, are directly attributable to the actions of the engineers from the project implementing development agencies. The results of these misinterpretations have undermined the long term sustainability of water supplies in Sierra Leone. The research indicated that to address sustainability the engineering profession is at a crossroads in determining its future in international development. Engineers have the capacity to acknowledge that the complexities of development limit their efficacy and therefore seek support from other professions. This would narrow the scope of their interventions. They are also capable of actively seeking the opposite; to broaden the scope as well as the responsibilities, expectations and skills of the engineers. It is this decision that will define the role of the engineer in international development.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / With the technological evolution of flying equipment, computing and store capacity we need to have a new view of the methods of acquisition, storage and archiving data.

A bass enhancement technique using the missing fundamental called VBS is presented. There are Several different approaches for using VBS in different applications. The technique is most useful in speakers that has a poor low frequency capability. It is presented in this report how it can be used for mixing purposes. How can a mix engineer use this technique to get a more balanced mix in laptop speakers without sacrificing the balance in large loudspeakers and headphones? To investigate this question an A/B style listening test is conducted, where the subjects get to answer both quantitative and qualitative questions. The answers are then analyzed using simple t-tests and categorizations of the qualitative information. The results of the test indicate that the mix with VBS is preferred in both the headphones and the laptop. There are no information indicating that the VBS has affected the mix in a poor or good way in the Loudspeakers.

Sustainability has been an issue receiving growing attention in the past decade and the construction sector has not escaped notice. There has been a response at both the Government and industry level, to the agenda; with agreement that the industry must address sustainability by acting to minimise its impacts on both the environment and society. While much focus has been placed on how to minimise these impacts in the building sector, far less attention has been given to the infrastructure sector. Again while attention has been given to the construction process and acknowledging the potential for maximising impact reduction at the design stage, the focus given to the relationship between sustainability and consultant engineers has been limited. This research sets out to understand the influences affecting sustainability in a multidisciplinary engineering consultancy, with an emphasis on the environment and the design stage. Utilising a selection of research methods (i.e. case studies, archival analysis, interviews, causal loops and questionnaires) an understanding was developed illustrating the influence that clients, strategic and operational organisational issues, policy and engineers knowledge, have on implementing sustainability. Relating the research to the existing literature, it was possible to propose a number of interventions to promote the integration of sustainability within a consultancy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VIVIANNE DOS SANTOS RESENDE.pdf: 3119112 bytes, checksum: 4837cdc5325e4c986896dc6cc2a27fb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / This paper sought to give its contribution to the history of Goiás, grounded on engineering and its buildings. With research in public collections, focused especially on official documents produced in the late eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century, aspects were raised from the engineering activity, its employees, how the performance and results were to Goiás society. In four chapters, the text presents relevant elements of the engineers participation and other professionals who took part in the engineering and their projects during this period. It was observed how Engineering has changed over time from the influence of the discourse of progress established especially after the second half of the nineteenth century. / Esta dissertação procurou dar sua contribuição para a história de Goiás a partir da engenharia e de suas construções. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa em acervos públicos, focada especialmente em documentos oficiais produzidos ao final do século XVIII e durante o século XIX, foram levantados aspectos da atividade de engenharia, seus profissionais, sua atuação e os resultados para a sociedade goiana. Em quatro capítulos, o texto apresenta elementos relevantes da participação dos engenheiros e de outros profissionais que participaram da engenharia e de seus projetos durante esse período. Ainda, observou-se como a Engenharia foi se modificando ao longo do tempo a partir da influência do discurso de progresso que se estabeleceu principalmente depois da segunda metade do século XIX.

Studien har haft som mål att undersöka och analysera vad som är viktigt för att en ingenjör ska vilja stanna inom ett företag. Datainsamlingen har skett via en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer som insamlingsmetod. Studien har tagit plats på ett anonymiserat företag i norra Sverige där sammanlagt nio intervjuer med ingenjörer från olika avdelningar hölls. I studien framkom det att ledarskap, psykisk arbetsmiljö, utvecklingsmöjligheter och en väl fungerande organisation var viktiga faktorer. Utifrån resultatet blev det också tydligt att kontexten företaget befann sig i starkt påverkade vad ingenjörerna uppfattade som viktigt då det var företagsspecifika problem som till stor del påverkade ingenjörernas vilja att stanna.

Recent theoretical and technological advances in ecosystem science have dramatically expanded the ways in which scientists can pursue and explore ecological questions. For my thesis research, I integrated the recent theoretical concept of organisms as ecosystem engineers with the relatively recent development of stable isotope tracer tests to ask the question: how does the invasive common carp affect stream ecosystem structure and function? To investigate the structuring role of carp, I measured autotroph seasonal distribution and abundance and macroinvertebrate seasonal abundance and diversity within two stream reaches in Spring Creek, Utah, USA; one with low carp biomass (LCB) and one with high carp biomass (HCB). I installed a series of carp exclosures in the HCB reach to examine the response of the stream to carp exclusion. To explore the effects of carp on stream nitrogen dynamics, I performed a three week, continuous injection of 15N as ammonium chloride. The macrophyte and macroinvertebrate community was severely depauperate in the HCB reach compared to the LCB reach. The observed rapid colonization of a relatively abundant and diverse macrophyte and macroinvertebrate community at the carp exclusion sites in the HCB reach not only indicates that carp engineering reduces the abundance and diversity of these communities, but also highlights the importance of the spatial distribution of engineered and non-engineered patches in dictating the temporal scale of re-colonization. Carp engineering had a simplifying effect on stream N dynamics that ultimately limited the uptake and retention capacity of the HCB reach. For example, macrophytes played a dominant role in the N dynamics of the LCB reach by directly assimilating NH4, retaining N rich FBOM, and by providing habitat necessary to support an abundant and relatively diverse macroinvertebrate community that facilitated greater trophic transfer of nitrogen. Conversely, carp reduction of macrophytes in the HCB reach resulted in an overall reduction in areal uptake rates of NH4, reduced trophic transfer of N, and significantly reduced N retention. These results clearly indicate that carp engineering reduces macrophyte and macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity in streams and that N dynamics are simplified in carp engineered patches.

Intellectual Property (IP) based Integrated Circuit (IC) design is an established approach for the design of a complex System-on-Chip (SoC). Porting the preparatory designs to third-party without enough security margin exposes an attacker to perform reverse engineering (RE) on the designs and hence counterfeiting, IP theft etc., are common now-a-days. Design obfuscation can reduce RE attempt by an attacker. In this work, we propose a key based obfuscation and anonymization method for a behavioral IP. Given a behavioral VHDL description, the assignment and conditional statements are modified by incorporating random boolean operations with unique random key bits. The obfuscated VHDL is then anonymized by random identifiers. The resultant behavioral model can be simulated correctly upon application of original key sequence. Simulation results with nine datapath intensive benchmarks with three different lengths of test sequences show that the simulation overhead is negligible (only a few seconds). We evaluate the probability of reverse engineering the obfuscated design and show that it is extremely low.