Marine ecosystems are increasingly being subject to human impact from diverse recreational and commercial activities, not necessarily restricted to those of a marine nature. This has significant implications for biodiversity. The large dog cockle, Tucetona laticostata, once occurred live in Rangitoto Channel, Hauraki Gulf, although this species no longer appears to occur there, most likely as a consequence of repeated dredging and channel excavation and continued siltation. Tucetona laticostata still occurs in a few isolated pockets of sea bed throughout Hauraki Gulf, particularly off Otata Island, part of the Noises complex of islands, where it resides partially buried in shell and rock gravels in shallow water (to 15 metres depth). The shells of T. laticostata collect in large post-mortem deposits in an area ramping from the sea bed off southwestern Otata Island. These mounds differ significantly in structural complexity from those of adjacent, extensively fragmented shell and rock gravels. Using the mounds of T. laticostata shell as a proxy for structural complexity, in order to appraise the effect of complexity on benthic-invertebrate diversity, the sea bed off southwestern Otata Island was sampled quarterly at two depths and in both T. laticostata shell mounds and adjacent extensively fragmented shell and rock gravels. These data were complemented with those from additional surveys around Otata Island, and off eastern Motutapu Island to determine the distribution and composition of benthic-invertebrate community assemblages throughout the region, and from concurrent surveys throughout the Waitemata Harbour and inner Hauraki Gulf to determine the current distribution of T. laticostata in this region. The number of benthic invertebrate species and individuals within T. laticostata habitat almost always was higher than that occurring within extensively fragmented shell- and rock gravel habitat, with densities to 142,385 individuals m-2 encountered. Temporal and spatial variations in benthic community structure also are reported for the two habitats, T. laticostata-based shells and extensively fragmented shell- and rock gravels. The numbers of species were higher amongst samples collected off the southwestern and eastern sides of Otata Island than elsewhere around this island, or of eastern Motutapu Island. Of the 351 species reported from all Otata and Motutapu Island samples combined, 73% of them occurred off southwestern Otata Island, 30% of which were found exclusively within T. laticostata shell habitat, and 10.5% within extensively fragmented shell and rock gravel habitat. The sea bed off southwestern Otata Island is regularly, seasonally dredged by recreational scallop fishers, in addition to being a popular small-vessel anchorage site. Both of these activities, dredging and anchorage, stand to reduce substratum complexity by fragmentation and dispersal of the valves of T. laticostata. Given the unique benthic invertebrates reported from T. laticostata shell deposits reported from southwestern Otata Island, any activity that damages the shells of this species, regardless of whether they are live or dead, is likely to result in loss of biodiversity. Admittedly, many of species identified as major contributors to differences in benthic invertebrate assemblages between T. laticostata shell-based habitats and those of extensively fragmented shell and rock gravels are not particularly charismatic or large, but each likely plays a role in local food webs and/or sediment and water column chemistry. It was not the intention of this research to determine the effects of anthropogenic disturbances like dredging or vessel anchorage on benthic-invertebrate communities off southwestern Otata Island. However, given the reported differences in species diversity within the structurally complex substratum provided by T. laticostata, conservation of biogenic reef-forming species like it might be a prudent, precautionary measure to take.

<p>This report is the result of a thesis as been implemented during the spring term 2009 at</p><p>the University of Gävle.</p><p>The company Bruks produces mobile chippers which are used for chipping logging</p><p>slash, roundwood and parts of trees. The chipper is powered by a separate diesel engine</p><p>and the chipper can be assembled on trucks, trailers or some other carrier vehicles.</p><p>When the chip has passed the chipper drum, the chip is collected in an integrated bin</p><p>which is mounted on the vehicles frame with dumping yokes. When these dumping</p><p>yokes were designed they were probably created with large material dimensions. The</p><p>aim with the degree project is hence to study the strengths of materials and, if possible,</p><p>to suggest an arrangement that can decrease the total weight on the dumping yoke on</p><p>Bruks´ mobile chippers 805 CT.</p><p>The CAD-program Pro/ENGINEER was used during the project for outlining the 2Ddrawings,</p><p>as distributed of constructors on Bruks, to solid 3D-parts. The three-dimensional</p><p>assembly from Pro/ENGINEER was transferred to Pro/MECHANICA. The construction is</p><p>complex and contains many components, and therefore the model has been divided into two</p><p>different parts, the external and the internal dumping yoke.</p><p>The conclusion of the degree project is that the product generally is not over dimensioned.</p><p>However there are many options for optimizing, mainly on the external dumping yokes.</p>

<p>This essay is about the engineer platoon. The engineer platoon has many different tasks and from my own experience sometimes too many. The platoon is able to build bridges, clear mines and to perform all kinds of construction work in rural or in urban terrain.</p><p>In this case study I compare goals/demands for the battalion to goal’s set up for the company and finally what effects this has on the engineer platoons abilities. The main question is, if the engineer platoon really can solve all tasks given to them in the document TOEM? Abilities such as effect, protection and movement are the bearing parts of the case study.</p><p>The materials I have analyzed are mostly from documents published by The Swedish Armed Forces. The most important document is TOEM, where all demands are presented for the Combat-Support engineer battalion 2009. The essay also discusses why different priorities are made and what effects will be the result in the long term. After reading this essay you will come to find out that engineers sometimes have too many tasks to solve.</p>

Svensk lönestatistik visar att manliga och kvinnliga ingenjörer har ojämnlika lönenivåer, till männens fördel. Tidigare studier har belyst att kvinnor har bristande tillit till sin förhandlingsförmåga och många studier har också visat att män har högre löneanspråk än kvinnor. Aktuell studie har ämnat identifiera faktorer som påverkar studenters förväntade löneanspråk för ingångslön. Resultaten här baseras på en enkätundersökning besvarad av 137 ingenjörsstudenter. Studiens resultat bekräftar tidigare studiers gällande mäns och kvinnors löneanspråk och förhandlingsförmåga, män anger högre värden för båda dessa variabler. Studien har kunnat synliggöra avgörande faktorer för studenters löneanspråk. Starkast prediktor för deltagarnas förväntade löneanspråk är variablerna kön, examensgrad och ålder. Könskillnader diskuteras för dessa resultat.

This essay is about the engineer platoon. The engineer platoon has many different tasks and from my own experience sometimes too many. The platoon is able to build bridges, clear mines and to perform all kinds of construction work in rural or in urban terrain. In this case study I compare goals/demands for the battalion to goal’s set up for the company and finally what effects this has on the engineer platoons abilities. The main question is, if the engineer platoon really can solve all tasks given to them in the document TOEM? Abilities such as effect, protection and movement are the bearing parts of the case study. The materials I have analyzed are mostly from documents published by The Swedish Armed Forces. The most important document is TOEM, where all demands are presented for the Combat-Support engineer battalion 2009. The essay also discusses why different priorities are made and what effects will be the result in the long term. After reading this essay you will come to find out that engineers sometimes have too many tasks to solve.

Background: The most important resource of today’s companies is human resources. This has lead to a vast literature in the field of Human Resource Management, and within that are the fields of motivation and career management. Given the importance of technology intensive companies’ and the fact that engineers are increasingly dissatisfied and recognized as being difficult to manage a part of the literature have focused upon management of engineers. In this it is widely ac-cepted that engineers need special treatment, however, literature is not complete and a part which, up until now, has gained little attention is the one concerning career mobility. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify the inducements and obstacles to the career mobility of engineers. Frame of Reference: The first part of the theoretical framework covers motivation, in which the authors focus on McClelland’s Content Theory of Motivation, given its close connection to need for achievement, a central aspect in career mobility. The second part deals with previous research on management of engineers. Based on the Frame of Reference the authors construct the Career Mobility Model, which serve as a foundation for subsequent structure and interpretation. Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of the thesis the authors chose a qualitative research method, and conducted twelve semis structured interviews. The results were then analyzed in the light of the theoretical framework. Empirical Findings: The empirical findings consist of interviews with engineers of different ages, employment time and stages of their career. The interview results are organized based on the theoretical framework to aid forthcoming interpretation. Analysis: In the analysis the authors apply the empirical findings on the Career Mobility Model, thus interpret the different obstacles and inducements to career mobility. The authors’ interpretations reveal a clear excess of obstacles compared to inducements at the company participating in the study. Conclusions: By creating a challenging work situation and offering continuous education companies can create a good foundation for career mobility. However, without a uniform career management program combined with visible career routes and established communication channels a company will lack critical aspects of in-ducements to career mobility. Moreover, technical companies need to remember that the best specialist may not always be the best manager, given the many ob-stacles a specialist focused manager can induce. / Bakgrund: Den idag viktigaste resursen för företag är människor. Detta har lett till en omfattande litteratur inom ämnet Human Resource Management, och inom det återfinns ämnena motivation och karriär management. Givet betydelsen av teknologi intensiva företag och det faktum att missnöjet bland ingenjörer ökar samt att de är erkända som svåra att hantera har en del av litteraturen inom detta ämne fokuserat på hur man leder ingenjörer. Inom denna är det vida erkänt att ingenjörer behöver specialhantering, ändock är litteraturen inte fullständig och ett ämne, vilken det fram tills nu det givits lite uppmärksamhet åt, är karriärsrörlighet. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera hinder och incitament till ingenjö-rers karriärsrörlighet. Referensram: Den första delen av det teoretiska ramverket hanterar motivation, inom vilken författarna fokuserar på McClellands behovsteori, givet dess nära koppling till behovet av presentation, en central aspekt inom karriärs rörlighet. Den andra delen handlar om tidigare forskning vad gäller management av ingenjörer. Ba-serat på Referensramen skapar författarna Karriär Rörlighets Modellen vilken fungerar som en bas för kommande struktur och analys. Metod: För att fullgöra syftet med uppsatsen valde författarna en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod, och genomförde tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserade sen i ljuset av det teoretiska ramverket. Resultat: De empiriska resultaten består av intervjuerna gjorda med ingenjörer i olika åldrar, med olika anställningslängd och i olika stadier av sin karriär. Intervju resultaten är organiserade baserat på det teoretiska ramverket för att underlätta inför den kommande analysen. Analys: I analysen applicerar författarna den empiriska undersökningen på Karriär Rörlighets Modellen, vilket betyder att de analyserar hinder och incitament för karriärsrörlighet. Författarnas analys visar att det finns ett klart överskott av hinder jämfört med främjande faktorer på företaget i studien. Slutsats: Genom att skapa en utmanande arbetssituation och erbjuda konstant utbildning kan företag skapa en bra bas för karriärsrörlighet. Likväl, utan ett övergripande program för karriärplanering kombinerat med synliga karriärvägar och etablerade kommunikationskanaler kommer företag att sakna kritiska aspekter som främjar karriärsrörlighet. Dessutom måste tekniska företag komma ihåg att den bästa specialisten inte alltid är den bästa ledaren, givet de många hinder en specialist fokuserad ledare kan skapa.

This is a 15 credits thesis in mechanical engineering performed at the PLM Solutions group at the Rocktec division within Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, Örebro, during spring 2012. When designers working with 3D CAD modeling uses different work methods in Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E) it sometimes results in problems. It is also a problem when designers do not follow the specific work methods defined by Atlas Copco.   The purpose of this thesis was to identify the most common problems with 3D models at Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB (RDE) Örebro related to work methods, for example why models crash, why they cannot be checked in to Pro/Intralink or why there are unstable references. The objective was to present a work method to avoid one or two of the most severe problems identified at RDE Örebro.   To achieve the objective I started with going through the CAD support call data base, to find out in what areas the organization needed help from the CAD support. The result shows that the engineers request most support in how to use both the modeling and the drawing modules in Pro/E. I also came up with a suggestion for redesign of the CAD support call data base system, that could reduce the time needed for this kind of analysis from days to minutes.   Thereafter a number of engineers, all with high skills in Pro/E, were selected for personal interviews. The topic was to identify any lack in defined work methods in Pro/E causing problems that are taking long time to correct. The result shows that the biggest issue for the users is references. I also performed a benchmarking with two other companies within the Atlas Copco Group looking at their CAD guidelines regarding the issues found during the interviews.   Thirdly, one assembly each from six different departments were selected and sent to PTC for an in depth analysis with their software tool Expert Model Analysis. The goal was to find any systematic issues regarding work methods in Pro/E. The analysis confirmed what the engineers earlier had brought up as the main issues, namely, references, mass/weight handling and structure in the model tree. / Detta är en 15 hp examensarbete i maskinteknik som utförs på PLM Solutions Group på Rocktec divisionen inom Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB i Örebro, under våren 2012.När konstruktörerna arbetar med 3D CAD modellering använder de olika arbetsmetoder i Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E) vilket ibland leder till problem. Det är också ett problem när konstruktörerna inte följer de arbetsmetoder som definierats av Atlas Copco.Syftet med detta examensarbete var att identifiera de vanligaste problemen med 3D-modeller på Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB (RDE) i Örebro relaterat till arbetsmetoder, till exempel varför modellerna kraschar, varför de inte kan checkas in i Pro/Intralink eller varför det finns instabila referenser. Målet var att presentera en arbetsmetod för att undvika ett eller två av de mest allvarliga problemen identifierade vid RDE Örebro. För att uppnå målet började jag med att gå igenom CAD-supportens samtalsdatabas, för att ta reda på inom vilka områden användarna behövde hjälp från CAD-support. Resultatet visar att konstruktörerna behöver mest hjälp med hur man använder både modellerings- och ritningsmodulerna i Pro/E. Jag tog också fram ett förslag till hur CAD-supportens samtalsdatabas kan göras om, som skulle kunna minska tiden som behövs för denna typ av analys från dagar till minuter. Därefter valdes ett antal ingenjörer ut, alla med hög kompetens inom Pro/E, för personliga intervjuer. Syftet var att identifiera eventuella brist i befintliga arbetsmetoder i Pro/E, vilka orsakar problem som tar lång tid att rätta till. Resultatet visar att det största problemet för användarna är referenser. Jag utförde också en benchmarking med två andra bolag inom Atlas Copco-gruppen genom att jämföra deras CAD rekommendationer kring de problem som kom fram under de tidigare intervjuerna. Som tredje del i examensarbetet valdes en CAD-modell från vardera sex olika avdelningar och skickades till PTC för en fördjupad analys med deras program Expert Model Analysis (XMA). Målet var att hitta systematiska problem gällande arbetsmetoder i Pro/E. XMA-analysen bekräftade vad ingenjörerna tidigare hade fört fram som de viktigaste frågorna, nämligen referenser, massa/vikt hantering och struktur i modellen trädet.

This report is the result of a thesis as been implemented during the spring term 2009 at the University of Gävle. The company Bruks produces mobile chippers which are used for chipping logging slash, roundwood and parts of trees. The chipper is powered by a separate diesel engine and the chipper can be assembled on trucks, trailers or some other carrier vehicles. When the chip has passed the chipper drum, the chip is collected in an integrated bin which is mounted on the vehicles frame with dumping yokes. When these dumping yokes were designed they were probably created with large material dimensions. The aim with the degree project is hence to study the strengths of materials and, if possible, to suggest an arrangement that can decrease the total weight on the dumping yoke on Bruks´ mobile chippers 805 CT. The CAD-program Pro/ENGINEER was used during the project for outlining the 2Ddrawings, as distributed of constructors on Bruks, to solid 3D-parts. The three-dimensional assembly from Pro/ENGINEER was transferred to Pro/MECHANICA. The construction is complex and contains many components, and therefore the model has been divided into two different parts, the external and the internal dumping yoke. The conclusion of the degree project is that the product generally is not over dimensioned. However there are many options for optimizing, mainly on the external dumping yokes.

Syftet med arbetet var att göra ett koncept av en robotcell som kunden skulle presentera för den Europeiska koncernen. Med konceptet som grund skulle koncernen ta ett beslut om de ville investera i en robotcell för att kunna utöka sin produktflora. Ett krav för att tillverka robotcellen var att göra den så flexibel som möjligt eftersom kunden ville producera olika varianter av samma produkt. En simulering i robotstudio blev en grund för en film som visade hur materialet tillverkades i robotcellen och även vilka materialprocesser som ingick vid förädlingen av materialet. Varje koncept började med en ritning i sketch för få en enkel överblick av hur layouten kunde se ut. Därefter bestämdes det om layouten var realistisk och om det skulle bli någon 3D modell av layouten. Under arbetets gång gjordes det ett antal layouter eftersom att nästan varje layout hade brister i flödet eller tillverkningsprocessen. Det svåra var att se var varje layouts brister skulle uppstå så därför fick olika koncept testas för att nå en bra lösning. Arbetet resulterade i ett koncept med tre robotar. I layouten finns det en hängande robot på ett stativ, en så kallad transportbands robot som sköter depalleteringen och palleteringen av materialet. Det finns även två golvstående robotar som sköter monteringen av materialet då de monterar varsin komponent.

Gerenderte Animation von kinematisch gekoppelten Komponenten mit Pro/ENGINEER bzw. Creo zur Produktpräsentation oder auch Montageanleitung