Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as an important component of the contemporary knowledge based economy and crucial to the attainment of economic growth and development. However, entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across space within countries. This thesis makes an original contribution by examining the determinants of spatial variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. Through utilising newly available data on firm births and applying exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometric techniques, two prominent theories of entrepreneurship are examined. First, the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship posits that underutilised knowledge by incumbent firms creates entrepreneurial opportunities. The appropriation of these opportunities through entrepreneurial activity, in the form of a new firm, leads to dynamic knowledge spillovers, which generate economic growth. The empirical analysis presented in this thesis concludes that more knowledge intensive regions exhibit significantly higher firm birth rates; however the composition of the regional knowledge stock is critical, as a diverse knowledge stock generates more entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, several theories emphasise the importance of idiosyncratic knowledge and human capital, in the form of entrepreneurial ability, on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The results of this thesis suggest that human capital is vital to the entrepreneurial process, and that university education is a greater source of entrepreneurial ability than labour market experience. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the regulatory burden of the public sector, financial constraints, regional unemployment, and the absence of a local entrepreneurial culture can significantly detract from regional entrepreneurial activity. In light of these results, there are several implications for policy which include: emphasising the importance of effective policy towards intellectual property rights, targeting entrepreneurial education initiatives towards university students and graduates, and reducing unnecessary public sector regulation that can act as a ‘barrier’ to entrepreneurship.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-07T14:35:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO MAY SPINA JUNIOR.pdf: 1379956 bytes, checksum: d08b0255c146bc7b95ec89c6d23e1dc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-07T14:35:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO MAY SPINA JUNIOR.pdf: 1379956 bytes, checksum: d08b0255c146bc7b95ec89c6d23e1dc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Ropero (ana@espm.br) on 2017-11-10T12:13:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO MAY SPINA JUNIOR.pdf: 1379956 bytes, checksum: d08b0255c146bc7b95ec89c6d23e1dc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T12:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO MAY SPINA JUNIOR.pdf: 1379956 bytes, checksum: d08b0255c146bc7b95ec89c6d23e1dc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / This research has as its theme the collaborative work and the entrepreneurial activity within the Impact Hub São Paulo, a coworking company whose mission is to provide a focused on entrepreneurial productivity through collaboration, exchange of experiences and networking among different projects. We aim to entrepreneurship (such as work, culture and style of life) and collaborative work, in addition to their meanings and relevance in the contemporary world - especially for members of Impact Hub São Paulo. To this end, research theoretical approach to French line discourse analysis (ORLANDI, 1999) for understand the symbolic production and ideology present in the Impact Hub communication. Subsequently, through the application of semi-structured interviews (BONI, QUARESMA, 2005), an analysis of the Hub's own speeches on the work collaborative and also the consumer relations that occur within the space itself. O theoretical framework that supports this empirical work is based on authors such as Boltanski and Chiapello (2009), Sennett (2005, 2006, 2009, 2012), Ehrenberg (2010), Han (2013, 2015) Gaulejac (2007), Casaqui (2014, 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b), among others. According to analysis of the results, we understand that Impact Hub São Paulo seeks to position itself as a space that promotes collaborative relationships among its members with the promise of that each project will present a better business performance and that, therefore, these projects will build a "better world" through social impact. However, from the analysis of discourses of its members, we understand that the working relationships within this space are not, in fact, collaborative relationships and that the call to build a "new world" "collaborative work of high impact" is merely a part of the rhetoric of capitalism in order to engage individuals in this mode of production. / Esta pesquisa tem como tema o trabalho colaborativo e a atividade empreendedora dentro do Impact Hub São Paulo, uma empresa de coworking que tem, como missão, proporcionar um espaço voltado à produtividade empreendedora por meio da colaboração, troca de experiências e formação de redes de trabalho entre diferentes projetos. Temos como objetivo compreender, em perspectiva crítica, o empreendedorismo (como trabalho, cultura e estilo de vida) e o trabalho colaborativo, além de seus significados e relevância na contemporaneidade – especialmente para os membros do Impact Hub São Paulo. Para tanto, a investigação utiliza como abordagem teórica a análise do discurso de linha francesa (ORLANDI, 1999) para compreender a produção simbólica e a ideologia presentes na comunicação do Impact Hub. Posteriormente, através da aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas (BONI; QUARESMA, 2005), é feita a análise dos discursos dos próprios membros do Hub acerca do trabalho colaborativo e, também, das relações de consumo que ocorrem dentro do próprio espaço. O quadro teórico que dá suporte a esse trabalho empírico é baseado em autores como Boltanski e Chiapello (2009), Sennett (2005; 2006; 2009; 2012), Ehrenberg (2010), Han (2013; 2015) Gaulejac (2007), Casaqui (2014; 2015a; 2015b; 2016a; 2016b), entre outros. Conforme a análise dos resultados, compreendemos que o Impact Hub São Paulo busca posicionar-se como um espaço que promove relações colaborativas entre seus membros com a promessa de que cada projeto apresentará um melhor desempenho empresarial e que, assim, estes projetos irão construir “um mundo melhor” através do impacto social. Contudo, a partir da análise dos discursos de seus membros, compreendemos que as relações de trabalho dentro deste espaço não são, de fato, relações colaborativas e que a convocação para construir um “novo mundo” a partir de um “trabalho colaborativo de alto impacto” configura-se meramente como parte da retórica do capitalismo a fim de engajar os indivíduos neste modo de produção.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-05T13:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - camila brandão simurro figueiredo.pdf: 19790924 bytes, checksum: 3108e9b199422fe3f9c68187a247b32b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-05T13:43:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - camila brandão simurro figueiredo.pdf: 19790924 bytes, checksum: 3108e9b199422fe3f9c68187a247b32b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-05T14:42:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - camila brandão simurro figueiredo.pdf: 19790924 bytes, checksum: 3108e9b199422fe3f9c68187a247b32b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T14:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - camila brandão simurro figueiredo.pdf: 19790924 bytes, checksum: 3108e9b199422fe3f9c68187a247b32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The present study has as main theme the relations between communication, consumption and entrepreneurial culture, and as object of study the biographical and autobiographical narratives of Brazilian entrepreneurs, in this case, Bel Pesce and Flávio Augusto da Silva, present in its multiple digital media supports. We aim to understand how these agents resignify self-help literature in contemporary times, conceiving what we denominate “entrepreneurial self-help” (CASAQUI, 2017a). On the agenda, there is the maximum recurrence that everyone can, and should, be entrepreneurs regardless of any personal or financial barrier. In this scenario, it was possible to understand that these discourses intend to consolidate “conduct models” (EHRENBERG, 2010) that reinforce the idea of “selfentrepreneurship” and high performance as essential qualities to achieve success. Such discourses present themselves as “recipes”, prescriptions based on “exemplary life histories”, reiterating the logics of justification of the new “spirit of capitalism” (BOLTANSKI; CHIAPELLO, 2009). It is also through the production and circulation of these narratives in the media that these entrepreneurial agents become contemporary celebrities, and it’s the final proof that legitimates their advices. Therefore, we propose a critical view of this phenomenon, in order to understand how the discursivity is constructed in these entrepreneur’s life histories, through the Discourse Analysis theoretical-methodological proposal, based on Foucault’s discursive categories (2008b), related to life course’s analysis proposed by Giele and Elder Jr. (1998). The discourses, in the “foucaultian approach”, are practices that operate in the “leading of conduct”. Regarding the findings of the analyzed discourses, it was possible to perceive the following characteristics: the testimony as a discourse format; the constitution of a biographical space (ARFUCH, 2010); the mission of prescribing conducts and moral profiles through the inspiration (understood as culture and as communicational process); “entrepreneurial self-help” as the main discursive strategy; moral attributes constituent of the entrepreneurial culture as overcoming challenges (daily and business), goals, passion for work, to justify entrepreneurship as the best alternative for the construction of a “better world”, an “entrepreneurial society” (DRUCKER, 2011). In summary, entrepreneurship, as na economic and social conduct, allows the current neoliberal system to include more subjects in their rationalities, processes and, self-blame. / O presente estudo tem como tema principal as relações entre comunicação, consumo e cultura empreendedora, e como objeto de estudo as narrativas de vida biográficas e autobiográficas de empreendedores brasileiros, no caso, Bel Pesce e Flávio Augusto da Silva, presentes em seus diversos suportes midiáticos digitais. O objetivo é compreender como esses agentes ressignificam a literatura da autoajuda na contemporaneidade, concebendo o que chamamos de “autoajuda empreendedora” (CASAQUI, 2017a). Em pauta, está a recorrência da máxima de que todos podem, e devem, ser empreendedores, independentemente de qualquer barreira pessoal ou financeira. Neste cenário, foi possível entender que estes discursos pretendem consolidar “modelos de conduta” (EHRENBERG, 2010) que reforçam a ideia do “empreendedorismo de si” e da alta performance como qualidades essenciais para se alcançar o sucesso. Tais discursos se apresentam como “receitas”, prescrições baseadas em “histórias de vida exemplares”, que reiteram as lógicas de justificação do novo “espírito do capitalismo” (BOLTANSKI; CHIAPELLO, 2009). É, também, por meio da produção e circulação dessas narrativas na mídia, que estes agentes do empreendedorismo se transformam em celebridades midiáticas contemporâneas, sendo o atestado final que legitima seus conselhos. Dessa maneira, propomos aqui uma visão crítica desse fenômeno, a fim de compreender como se constrói a discursividade nas histórias de vida destes empreendedores, por meio da proposta teórico-metodológica da Análise de Discurso, a partir de Foucault (2008b), relacionada com a análise de percurso de vida proposta por Giele e Elder Jr. (1998). Os discursos, na abordagem foucaultiana, são práticas que operam na “condução da conduta”. No caso dos discursos analisados nesta pesquisa, foi possível perceber as seguintes características: o testemunho como formato de discurso; a constituição de um espaço biográfico (ARFUCH, 2010); a missão de prescrever condutas e perfis morais a partir da inspiração (entendida como cultura e como processo comunicacional); a autoajuda empreendedora como principal estratégia discursiva; atributos morais constituintes da cultura empreendedora como superação, metas, paixão pelo trabalho, para justificar o empreendedorismo como a melhor alternativa para a construção de um “mundo melhor”, de uma “sociedade empreendedora” (DRUCKER, 2011). Conclui-se que o empreendedorismo enquanto conduta econômica e social permite que o sistema neoliberal vigente englobe mais sujeitos em suas racionalidades, processos e culpabilizações.

L’objectif principal de notre thèse consiste, dans un premier temps, à inventorier et à classer les caractéristiques entrepreneuriales pour pouvoir ensuite typer les enquêtées selon la perception qu’elles ont de leurs potentialités entrepreneuriales. Outre cet objectif central, le présent travail tente d’analyser les facteurs personnels et contextuels susceptibles de contribuer à l’acquisition et au développement des potentialités entrepreneuriales des créatrices d’entreprise en contexte djiboutien et africain. Aussi, nous avons cherché à comparer les typologies entrepreneuriales des entrepreneures et des non entrepreneures. Afin de répondre plus adéquatement aux objectifs de la thèse, nous avons d’abord effectué une synthèse des principaux travaux relatifs aux paradigmes des traits et des faits de l’entrepreneur pour mieux resituer le modèle conceptuel de Gasse (Gasse et D’Amours, 2000). Dans un second temps, le travail de terrain se focalise sur l’exploitation d’une enquête réalisée auprès de 208 entrepreneures et 100 femmes non entrepreneures djiboutiennes. Dans cette enquête, on a utilisé un questionnaire de 125 items hors facteurs d’identification et articulé autour de 17 dimensions réparties entre 5 axes (motivations, aptitudes, attitudes, intérêts et comportements). Le traitement des données s’est appuyé sur les techniques statistiques descriptives (tris à plat et tris croisés) et multidimensionnelles (analyse des corrélations, analyse en composantes principales, la classification hiérarchique et l’analyse discriminante). Cette étude a été enrichie par des entretiens semi-directifs avec 10 femmes entrepreneures. Les analyses confirment que, comparées aux non entrepreneures, les entrepreneures disposent plus des capacités et des compétences entrepreneuriales. De même, nos résultats indiquent que les potentialités entrepreneuriales sont associées essentiellement au niveau d’instruction et à l’expérience antérieure chez les entrepreneures plus jeunes, et à un ensemble de facteurs environnementaux (cercle familial ou amical, croyance divine, contexte culturel) chez les entrepreneures plus âgées. Ainsi, notre étude tend à montrer l’importance de l’appartenance à un entourage familial et/ou amical de tradition entrepreneurial dans le processus de création d’entreprise. Les résultats issus de ces différentes méthodes d’analyse de données consolident le modèle conceptuel initial et ouvrent des perspectives en termes de pédagogie d’accompagnement de l’entrepreneure africaine souvent soumise aux pesanteurs contextuelles. / The primary aim of this thesis is to first identify and classify entrepreneurial traits so as to distinguish those surveyed on the basis of the perception they have of their entrepreneurial potentialities. Aside from this primary aim, the following work seeks to analyse personal and contextual factors likely to contribute to the acquisition and development of entrepreneurial traits of women entrepreneurs both within Djibouti and Africa at large. We have tried to compare entrepreneurial typologies of those who are entrepreneurs and those who are not. In view of achieving adequately the aims of this thesis, we first establish a synthesis of the main works regarding the paradigms of traits and facts of the entrepreneur so as to better reproduce Gasse’s conceptual model. In the second part of the work, the field work is focused on the exploitation of the findings of a survey conducted among 208 female entrepreneurs and 10 others who were not entrepreneurs. In this survey, a questionnaire, of 125 items excluding identifying factors and based on 17 dimensions distributed among 5 axes (motivations, aptitudes, attitudes, interests and behaviors), was used. Data processing is conducted according to the descriptive statistics techniques (basic sorting and cross sorting) and multi-dimensional ones (correlation analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchal classification, discriminative analysis). The study was strengthened by semi-structured interviews conducted among 10 female entrepreneurs. The results of the analysis confirmed that, unlike non-entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs have more capabilities and entrepreneurial skills. Moreover, results also indicate that entrepreneurial potentialities are mainly linked to the level of education and prior experience among young entrepreneurs and to a host of environmental factors (family circle, circle of friends, religious beliefs, and cultural context) as far as older entrepreneurs are concerned. Therefore, our study tends to show the importance of belonging to a family environment or having a circle of friends with a long-standing entrepreneurial tradition in the process of business creation. The results of these various methods of data processing reinforces the initial conceptual model and open perspectives on ways of assisting Africa’s women entrepreneurship often subjected to contextual burdens.

Notre projet de thèse de doctorat a pour objet de présenter une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la culture d’entreprise et du profil psychologique du dirigeant dans l’orientation entrepreneuriale (OE) des PME françaises. La nature de la problématique de recherche reste original dans la littérature francophone. En effet, les travaux de recherches sur l’OE ont eu tendance à se concentrer essentiellement dans la littérature anglo-saxonne. Les principaux intérêts de notre thèse tiennent : 1) à faire ressortir des actions spécifiques qui permettraient de développer une culture favorable à l’entrepreneuriat ; 2) de susciter la vocation des dirigeants dans leur démarche entrepreneuriale ; 3) de mieux percevoir les déterminants de la performance économique et financière des entreprises entrepreneuriales ;4) de spécifier les caractéristiques des PME françaises à travers l’approche des configurations.Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons construit une question principale spécifique : Dans quelle mesure la culture d’entreprise et le profil psychologique du dirigeant affectent-ils l’orientation entrepreneuriale des PME françaises et leur performance ? Pour réaliser cette recherche, nous avons opté pour une étude empirique quantitative à travers un questionnaire administré auprès des dirigeants de PME de deux chambres de commerce : la Chambre Régionale de Commerce et d’Industrie du Nord- Pas- de Calais et la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie du Beaujolais. Nous avons pu recueillir 123 réponses complètes. Pour réaliser les traitements d’analyse, nous avons utilisé l’approche des régressions linéaires avec le logiciel STATA.11 pour tester la nature des relations entre les variables clés de notre étude. Dans une deuxième partie d’analyse, nous avons utilisé l’approche des configurations avec la méthode des composantes ascendantes hiérarchiques. Concernant la première hypothèse, les résultats de l’étude empirique quantitative montrent que la culture entrepreneuriale et la culture de groupe sont associées à la capacité d’innovation, de proactivité et de prise de risque de l’entreprise. Inversement, la culture hiérarchique est associée négativement à cette triple capacité. La deuxième hypothèse concernant le profil psychologique du dirigeant donne des résultats plutôt inattendus, quant à l’effet du champ de contrôle externe du dirigeant sur l’OE. Les dirigeants qui ont un champ de contrôle externe semblent contribuer positivement au processus de l’OE. Nous avons pu montrer également que ces dirigeants conduisent leurs entreprises à réaliser de meilleures performances. Le besoin d’accomplissement du dirigeant est également lié à l’orientation de l’entreprise vers les activités entrepreneuriales. Quant à la troisième hypothèse, nous avons pu montrer dans notre recherche que les activités entrepreneuriales de l’entreprise contribuent à l’amélioration de ses performances économiques et financières. Dans un deuxième volet de cette étude, nous avons testé notre modèle conceptuel avec l’approche des configurations. Notre objectif était de proposer une classification d’entreprises selon le degré d’intensité de l’OE. L’analyse des composantes ascendantes hiérarchiques, nous a permis de faire apparaître trois formes de configuration d’entreprises : 1) entreprises entrepreneuriales, 2) entreprises traditionnelles et 3) entreprises émergentes. / Our proposed PhD thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the role of corporate culture and the psychological profile of the leader in Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) of French SMEs. The nature of the research remains in the original french literature. Indeed, the research work on the EO have tended to focus mainly in the Anglo-Saxon literature.The main interest of our thesis are:1) to highlight specific actions that would develop a culture conducive to entrepreneurship;2) to encourage the vocation of the leaders in their entrepreneurial approach ;3) to gain insight into the determinants of economic and financial performance of entrepreneurial firms;4) to specify the characteristics of french SMEs through the approach of configurations.To meet these goals, we built a specific key question: How corporate culture and psychological profile of the leader affect the entrepreneurial orientation of french SMEs and their performance?To conduct this research, we opted for a quantitative empirical study through a questionnaire administered to managers of SMEs of Chambre Régionale de Commerce et d’Industrie of Nord-Pas-de Calais and Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie of Beaujolais. We have collected 123 complete responses. To achieve the treatment analysis, we used the approach of linear regression with the software STATA.11 to test the nature of the relationship between key variables in our study. In the second part of analysis, we used the approach of the configurations with hierarchical ascendant components method, in order to specify the caracteristics of french SMEs.Regarding the first hypothesis, the results of the quantitative empirical study shows that entrepreneurial culture and the group culture are associated with innovation, proactive and risk-taking activities. Conversely, the hierarchical culture is negatively associated with the entrepreneurial activities. The second hypothesis about the psychological profile, the leaders who have a locus of external control appear to contribute positively to the process of OE. We have shown that these leaders lead their firms to achieve better performance. The need for achievement of the leader is also related to the orientation of the firms to entrepreneurial activities.Regarding the third hypothesis, we have shown that the entrepreneurial activities of the SMEs contribute to the improvement of its economic and financial performance.In the second part of this study, we tested our conceptual model with the approach of configurations. Our objective is to propose a taxonomy of SMEs according to the intensity of the EO. The analysis of hierarchical ascendant components have shown three types of SMEs: 1) entrepreneurial SMEs, 2) conservative SMEs and 3) emerging SMEs

L’entrepreneuriat a été très longtemps reposé sur les seuls facteurs économiques, comme la recherche et le développement (R&D), les innovations, les infrastructures adéquates, les nouvelles technologies appliquées, un système bancaire efficace, etc. Pourtant, d’autres facteurs s’avèrent encore plus importants lorsqu’il s’agit surtout de chercher à comprendre les dimensions qui sont intrinsèquement pertinentes dans les prises de décisions entrepreneuriales. Parmi ces facteurs, la culture occupe une place centrale qu’on ne peut en aucun cas occulter. En effet, grâce à certains traits culturels qui caractérisent positivement le comportement de leurs peuples, beaucoup de pays ont vu développer leurs économies. Alors que d’autres traits culturels, au lieu d’être prometteurs, constituent plutôt des handicaps au développement économique des pays dits sous-développés. Ceux qui ont une culture négro-africaine semblent les plus touchés. Haïti est l’un des pays de l’hémisphère occidental, plus précisément du bassin caribéen, qui semblent aussi faire partie de cette catégorie, par l’intermédiaire de certains traits culturels négro-africains qui lui sont légués en héritage pendant toute la période coloniale. Tout ceci a été antérieurement prouvé par un ensemble de travaux de recherche théoriques et empiriques. Cependant, dans le but d’apporter quelques éclairages nécessaires aux résultats de ces travaux et surtout d’approfondir notre champ de recherche sous les prismes de la performance globale et du développement socio-économique durable d’Haïti, cette présente thèse se donne plutôt pour objectif principal de tenter de modéliser empiriquement les comportements socioculturels de l’entrepreneuriat haïtien. Dans ce sens, elle cherche à construire un modèle conceptuel théorique de référence qui peut nous permettre de vérifier statistiquement et économétriquement l’influence de certains facteurs socioculturels sur les intentions des actifs entrepreneurs et non-entrepreneurs haïtiens de créer à court terme une entreprise ou de se lancer sur le moyen terme ou sur le long terme dans un projet à caractère entrepreneurial dans leur propre département de naissance. / During a very long time Entrepreneurship was based solely on economic factors such as research and development (R&D), innovations, appropriate infrastructures, new applied technologies, an efficient banking system, and so on. Yet other factors are even more important when it comes to understanding the dimensions which are intrinsically relevant to entrepreneurial decision-making. And among them culture occupies a central place which cannot be overshadowed. Indeed, while some populations’cultural traits positively characterize their behavior and thus would play a role in their countries’ economic development, other cultural traits, instead of being promising, rather consist in handicaps to the economic growth of so-called underdeveloped countries. In this category, those with Black African culture seem to be the most affected. Haiti is one of the countries of the Western Hemisphere, more precisely of the Caribbean basin, which seem to be part of this category, from the black-African cultural traits which are bequeathed to it during the whole colonial period. All this was previously proved by a set of theoretical and empirical research works. However, in order to bring some necessary insights to the results of this work and especially to broaden our field of research in terms of performance and sustainable socio-economic development of Haiti, this thesis aims rather to try to empirically model the sociocutural behaviors of Haitian entrepreneuriat. In this sense, she’s looking to build an theorical reference model which can enable us to statistically and econometrically verify the influence of sociocultural behaviors on he intentions of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial Haitian assets to create a company in the short term or to embark on a medium-term or long-term project in an entrepreneurial project in their own birth region.

The pursuit of new opportunities is at the heart of entrepreneurship. Creating the organizational environment to recognize and seize such opportunities is fundamental to entrepreneurial success and yet, the relationship between organizational design and entrepreneurship has received limited attention. Drawing on extant research in the fields of corporate venturing, technology business incubation, organizational design and governance, this dissertation addresses these research gaps by presenting four studies. The first relies on abductive reasoning to develop a conceptual framework for typologizing the design of the heterogeneous accelerator phenomenon. The second study empirically develops an organizational design typology of various corporate accelerator archetypes, as a key mechanism for the process of technology business incubation and corporate venturing. It further highlights how corporate accelerator design evolved over time. The third study addresses organizational decision systems and specifically, the role of the board of directors in young, entrepreneurial ventures. The fourth study presents a case study and teaching note exploring how to design an entrepreneurial organization and sustain its flexibility, adaptability and entrepreneurial DNA over the long term. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the field of entrepreneurship by extending prevailing knowledge on the why, how, and what of corporate accelerators, new venture boards and the organizational design behind such entrepreneurial entities.

In this dissertation study examines trust as an economic category, analyzes the notion of the firm as the unit of entrepreneurial activity. Examines the relationship between trust and risk, contract and quality business practices. Analyze the criteria and methods of evaluation of trust as factor of increase of efficiency of entrepreneurial activity, comparative analysis of business cultures of Russia and the USA. Empirical analysis has shown that trust is an important factor in enhancing performance of entrepreneurial firms; closely connected with such concepts as honesty, confidence, a positive reputation; associated with the concept of "time". The study revealed the factors contributing to the strengthening and the destruction of confidence in the business environment; proposed and applied the model to assess the level of confidence in the subject area; developed methodical recommendations on the formation of a trust company; the composed model of building trust in business, allowing companies to improve the efficiency and sustainability of their activities. / В диссертационном исследовании рассматриваются доверие как экономическая категория, анализируется понятие фирмы как единицы предпринимательской деятельности. Рассматривается взаимосвязь доверия и риска, контракта и качества ведения бизнеса. Анализируются критерии и методы оценки доверия как фактора повышения эффективности предпринимательской деятельности, проводится сравнительный анализ предпринимательских культур России и США. Эмпирический анализ показал, что доверие является важным фактором, повышающим эффективность деятельности предпринимательских фирм; тесно переплетается с такими понятиями как честность, уверенность, позитивная репутация; сопряжено с понятием «времени». В исследовании выявлены факторы, способствующие укреплению и разрушению доверия в предпринимательской среде; предложена и применена модель оценки уровня доверия к предметной области; разработаны методические рекомендации по формированию доверительной репутации фирмы; составлена модель построения доверия в предпринимательстве, позволяющая фирмам повысить эффективность и устойчивость их деятельности.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Hedendaagse onderwys staan voor 'n omvattende voorligtings- en opleidingsopgawe om die jeug toe te rus om die arbeidsmark as entrepreneurs te betree. Onderwysers word toenemend voor die eis gestel om as fasiliteerders op te tree om leerlinge te begelei om beter by die eise van veranderende omstandighede, nuwe tegnologie en inligting aan te pas. In hierdie konteks vorm entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys een van die mees eietydse temas wat die onderwys moet aanspreek. Hoewel die voorsiening van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys reeds in die nuwe Norme en standaarde vir onderwyseropleiding as 'n kruiskurrikulere aangeleentheid beskryf word, is die behoefte aan 'n omvattende entrepreneurskapsontwikkelingstrategie nog nie voldoende aangespreek nie. In 'n antwoord op hierdie leemte word 'n voorgestelde implementeringstrategie vir entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys in hierdie studie ontwikkel. In die verloop van die ondersoek moes daar deeglik rekening gehou word met aspekte soos: • die rol en betekenis van entrepreneurskap in die Suid-Afrikaanse skolekonteks; • faktore wat entrepreneuriese sukses of mislukking onderle; • die ontwikkeling van 'n positiewe entrepreneuriese ingesteldheid en entrepreneuriese vaardighede en • plaaslike en oorsese inisiatiewe om entrepreneurskap m die skoolkonteks te bevorder. In die empiriese ondersoek is die uitgangspunt gehuldig dat onderwysers se menings van deurslaggewende belang is om 'n entrepreneurskapsontwikkelingstrategie te rig. Onderwysers se menings is in elk van die volgende ondersoekvelde nagevors: • Onderwysers se toegerustheid om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys aan leerlinge te voorsien; • Onderwysers se eie implementering van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys; • Die behoefte by leerlinge aan entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys; • Onderwysers se geslaagdheid om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys te implementeer; • Die aangewesenheid van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys as 'n onderwyseropgawe. Die navorsingsresultate is aangewend om binne die raamwerk van die Suid-Afrikaanse skolekonteks en onderwysbeleid 'n strategie voor te stel om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys te implementeer. Die onderwys kan hierdeur 'n aansienlike bydrae lewer om die jeug voor te berei om as volwaardige en verantwoordelike landsburgers hulle plek in die samelewing vol te staan. / Education today stands before the comprehensive task to empower our youth through appropriate guidance and training to enter the job market as entrepreneurs. Teachers are increasingly put to the task to act as facilitators in their guidance of the youth to adapt more effectively to changing circumstances, new technology and information. Within this context, education directed to entrepreneurship forms one of the most timely issues that education should address. Although the provision of education directed to entrepreneurship has been described as a cross curricular concern within the new Norms and standards for teacher education it does not provide in the need for a comprehensive strategy to develop entrepreneurship in education. In an answer to this deficiency, this study is directed to develop a proposed implementation strategy to enhance entrepreneurship in education. In the course of this investigation it was needed to thouroughly account with concerns such as: • the role and significance of entrepreneurship within the South African school context; • factors which underlie entrepreneurial success or failure; • the development of a positive entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial skills and • local and foreign initiatives to enhance entrepreneurship within the school context. In the empirical investigation the v1ew is held that teachers opm10ns is of crucial importance to give direction towards a strategy to enhance entrepreneurship. Teachers views are examened within each of the following fields of investigation: • Teachers empoweredness to provide education directed to entrepreneurship to students. • Teachers own implementation of education directed to entrepreneurship • Students need for education directed to entrepreneurship. • Teachers sufficiency to implement education directed to entrepreneurship. • The appropriateness of education directed to entrepreneurship as a teacher concern. The results of the research is applied to propose an implementation strategy to enhance education directed to entrepreneurship within the framework of the South African school context and policy of education. The conclusion was reached that educators can greatly contribute to prepare our youth so that they can take up their positions in the community as responsible and able citizens. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Hedendaagse onderwys staan voor 'n omvattende voorligtings- en opleidingsopgawe om die jeug toe te rus om die arbeidsmark as entrepreneurs te betree. Onderwysers word toenemend voor die eis gestel om as fasiliteerders op te tree om leerlinge te begelei om beter by die eise van veranderende omstandighede, nuwe tegnologie en inligting aan te pas. In hierdie konteks vorm entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys een van die mees eietydse temas wat die onderwys moet aanspreek. Hoewel die voorsiening van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys reeds in die nuwe Norme en standaarde vir onderwyseropleiding as 'n kruiskurrikulere aangeleentheid beskryf word, is die behoefte aan 'n omvattende entrepreneurskapsontwikkelingstrategie nog nie voldoende aangespreek nie. In 'n antwoord op hierdie leemte word 'n voorgestelde implementeringstrategie vir entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys in hierdie studie ontwikkel. In die verloop van die ondersoek moes daar deeglik rekening gehou word met aspekte soos: • die rol en betekenis van entrepreneurskap in die Suid-Afrikaanse skolekonteks; • faktore wat entrepreneuriese sukses of mislukking onderle; • die ontwikkeling van 'n positiewe entrepreneuriese ingesteldheid en entrepreneuriese vaardighede en • plaaslike en oorsese inisiatiewe om entrepreneurskap m die skoolkonteks te bevorder. In die empiriese ondersoek is die uitgangspunt gehuldig dat onderwysers se menings van deurslaggewende belang is om 'n entrepreneurskapsontwikkelingstrategie te rig. Onderwysers se menings is in elk van die volgende ondersoekvelde nagevors: • Onderwysers se toegerustheid om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys aan leerlinge te voorsien; • Onderwysers se eie implementering van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys; • Die behoefte by leerlinge aan entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys; • Onderwysers se geslaagdheid om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys te implementeer; • Die aangewesenheid van entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys as 'n onderwyseropgawe. Die navorsingsresultate is aangewend om binne die raamwerk van die Suid-Afrikaanse skolekonteks en onderwysbeleid 'n strategie voor te stel om entrepreneurskapsgerigte onderwys te implementeer. Die onderwys kan hierdeur 'n aansienlike bydrae lewer om die jeug voor te berei om as volwaardige en verantwoordelike landsburgers hulle plek in die samelewing vol te staan. / Education today stands before the comprehensive task to empower our youth through appropriate guidance and training to enter the job market as entrepreneurs. Teachers are increasingly put to the task to act as facilitators in their guidance of the youth to adapt more effectively to changing circumstances, new technology and information. Within this context, education directed to entrepreneurship forms one of the most timely issues that education should address. Although the provision of education directed to entrepreneurship has been described as a cross curricular concern within the new Norms and standards for teacher education it does not provide in the need for a comprehensive strategy to develop entrepreneurship in education. In an answer to this deficiency, this study is directed to develop a proposed implementation strategy to enhance entrepreneurship in education. In the course of this investigation it was needed to thouroughly account with concerns such as: • the role and significance of entrepreneurship within the South African school context; • factors which underlie entrepreneurial success or failure; • the development of a positive entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial skills and • local and foreign initiatives to enhance entrepreneurship within the school context. In the empirical investigation the v1ew is held that teachers opm10ns is of crucial importance to give direction towards a strategy to enhance entrepreneurship. Teachers views are examened within each of the following fields of investigation: • Teachers empoweredness to provide education directed to entrepreneurship to students. • Teachers own implementation of education directed to entrepreneurship • Students need for education directed to entrepreneurship. • Teachers sufficiency to implement education directed to entrepreneurship. • The appropriateness of education directed to entrepreneurship as a teacher concern. The results of the research is applied to propose an implementation strategy to enhance education directed to entrepreneurship within the framework of the South African school context and policy of education. The conclusion was reached that educators can greatly contribute to prepare our youth so that they can take up their positions in the community as responsible and able citizens. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)