No presente trabalho foram estudados os espectros de RPE de um radical nitróxido, 4-hidroxi-2,2,6,6-tetrametilpiperidina-l-oxil (TEMPOL, 11), introduzido como impureza em uma matriz diamagnética, 4-hidroxi-2,2,6,6-tetrametilpiperidina (I), de estrutura conhecida. O uso do radical deuterado, 4-hidroxi-2,2,6,6 -tetrametilpiperidina-d17-l-oxil (PD-TEMPOL, 111) mostrou um aumento considerável na resolução dos espectros para a maioria das orientações do campo magnético. A interação do grupo paramagnético N-O com os prótons vizinhos foram estudadas e os tensores superhiperfinos de dois prótons fortemente acoplados foram determinados. Um desses prótons forma ponte de hidrogênio com o grupo N-O e a distância estimada é 2,09ª&#176. Os autovalores do tensor são: -5,2; 5,4 e -5,1 gauss. O segundo próton está mais distanciado do radical e provavelmente não forma ponte com o radical. Os valores nas direções principais são: 2,0; -1,7;e -2,7 gauss. Com a finalidade de estudar o envolvimento dos prótons na relação eletrônica dos radicais foram estimados os tempos de relaxação T1 e T2 no intervalo de temperatura de -160 a 25&#176C através do método de saturação continua. Foram obtidos os valores em diversas orientações para os radicais protonado (II) e deuterado - (III) para compará-los. Os valores de T2 obtidos são praticamente constante no intervalo de temperatura onde foram medidos e sistematicamente são maiores para o radical deuterado. O tempo de relaxação spin-rede, T1 é dependente da orientação para ambos os radicais. Em geral é obtida urna dependência linear de T1-1 versus T que foi explicada considerando um mecanismo de relaxação por tunelamento dos protons vizinhos entre dois poços de potenciais. Para o radical protonado é observada uma descontinuidade na curva de T1-1 versu T na região de -60&#176C; para o radical deuterado - isto é observado somente para algumas orientações. Este comporta mento poderia ser explicado como devido o congelamento da vibração das pontes de hidrogênio em torno desta temperatura. Um alagamento das linhas de RPE é observado para muitas orientações a partir de -100D&#176C que foi interpretado como devido o congelamento da rotação dos grupos metilas, do radical no caso (II) e da matriz no caso (I) / In the present work the ESR spectra of a nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxi-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (TANOL, lI), introduced as impurity in a diamagnetic host, 4-hydroxi-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1), of know structure, has been investigated. The use of the deuterated radical, 4-hydroxi-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d17-1-oxyl (PD-TANOL, 111) showed an improved resolution in the ESR spectra for most orientations of the magnetic field. The interactions of protons in the neighbourhood of the paramagnetic group N-O were studied and the superhyperfine tensors for the two strongly compled protons were determined one of these protons is hydrogen bonded to the N-O and the distance is estimated to be 2,09ª&#176. The superhyperfine tensor has principal values -5.2; +5.4; -5.1 gauss. The second proton is further away from the electron and probably is not hydrogen bonded. The principal values for this proton are 2.0; -1.7 and -2,7 gauss. In order to study the involvment of the protons in the electronic relaxation of the radicaIs, the relaxation times T1 and T2 were estimated in the temperature range -160&#176C 25&#176C for many orientations and comparing data for the protonated and deuterated radicaIs II and III, using the continuous wave saturation method. It is shown that the relaxation time T2 is practically constant in the temperature range studied and that it is sistematically greater for the deuterated radical implying narrower lines. The spin-lattice relaxation time TI is dependent upon the orientation of the magnetic field for both radicaIs. In general a linear temperature dependence of T1-1 versus T is obtained and a mechanism of tunelling of protons between close potential walls in used to explain this behavior. In the case of the protonated radical for many orientations of the magnetic field a break is observed in the T1-1 versus T curve around -60&#176C for the deuterated radical this is observed only for fewer orientations. This behaviour could be explained as due to the freezing of hydrogen bonds vibration near this temperature. For many orientations it is also observed that below -100&#176C a broadening of the ESR lines occurs which is probably re1ated to the freezing of the rotations of the methyl groups of the radical, in the case of II, and of the hast I in the case of radical III

La détection par RPE en solution du radical NO n’est possible qu’après piégeage sur une molécule appropriée. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit concernent l’étude des potentialités des composés PG3 et DSB dans ce domaine : ces deux molécules possèdent un motif diénique conjugué devant permettre, après une cycloaddition [4+1] avec NO, l’obtention d’adduits nitroxyde détectables en RPE. En présence d’oxygène, le PG3 piège efficacement NO et NO2 dans le tert-butylbenzène, conduisant respectivement à un nitroxyde et à un oxynitroxyde stables avec des spectres de RPE très caractéristiques. En solvant plus polaire ou en milieu aqueux, le PG3 ne piège pas directement NO mais son dérivé oxydé NO2. Le DSB a montré, en présence d’oxygène, une bonne capacité de piégeage du radical NO dans divers solvants organiques, conduisant à un nitroxyde cyclique stable aisément indentifiable par RPE, bien qu’aucun adduit n’ait jamais été observé par RPE après réaction avec NO2. Les deux composés PG3 et DSB sont stables et ne nécessitent donc pas d’être générés in situ. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus relance l’intérêt d’utiliser des diènes conjugués comme piège à NO, bien que des composés plus hydrophiles doivent maintenant être élaborés en vue d’utilisations en milieux biologiques. / NO radical requires to be trapped before its EPR detection in solution. The work described therein deals with the study of the potentialities of the compounds PG3 and DSB in this field: both molecules show a conjugated diene moiety that could allow a [4+1] cycloaddition with NO, thereby yielding EPR detectable nitroxide adducts. In the presence of oxygen, PG3 trapped efficiently NO and NO2 radicals in tert-butylbenzene, leading to stable cyclic nitroxide and oxynitroxide, respectively, with characteristic EPR spectra. In more polar solvents and in aqueous media, PG3 was found to trap NO2, formed after NO oxidation, rather than NO itself. In the presence of oxygen, DSB trapped efficiently NO in various solvents, yielding a stable cyclic nitroxide easily identified on the basis of its EPR spectrum, though no EPR signal was ever detected after reaction between DSB and NO2. PG3 and DSB both showed a high thermal stability and no in situ generation is necessary. All these results re-boost interest in using conjugated dienes as NO traps, though more hydrophilic compounds should now be elaborated for biological applications.

Diploma thesis deals with the characterization of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) fruits. The theoretical part focuses on the botanical classification, chemical composition, curative effects and the use of chokeberry and saskatoon berry in the food industry. Further, the attention is also devoted to a review of methods for the determination of important antioxidants, specialized on the determination of polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant activity. The experimental part of the work deals with the determination of selected parameters in different varieties of chokeberry and serviceberry, harvested in 2012 and 2013 using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques with an emphasis on effect of solvent (50% ethanol, destilled water, DMSO). Specifically total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins, color characteristics using the CIE L*a*b* system and the ability of the sample to reduce the iron are determined using the UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Further ascorbic acid concentration in individual extracts is quantified by High performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and the total antioxidant activity is characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance involving •DPPH and ABTS•+ assays.

The Ph.D. thesis was focused on EPR study of redox reactions of selected types of phenols, secondary amines and diperoxy coumpounds. Within the study some redox agents were employed in nonpolar, in some special cases also in polar solvents. EPR spectra of generated radical products were interpreted using spectral simulation. Study of radical reactions under participation of phenols was preferentially concentrated on the behavior of para methyl substituted phenols, where the instability of this substituent in relation to the applied redox agents was evaluated. The tendency towards the abstraction of hydrogen from methyl group, representing the paralell mechanism to the hydrogen abstaction from phenolic OH group was proved. The generated benzyl radicals were undirectly detected in the form of adducts with aromatic nitroso compounds. These adducts undergo the consecutive transformations, leading to the formation of new types of phenoxy radicals. The study of the decomposition of NH bonds was performed with substituted N,N´-paraphenylenediamines, 1-anilino-1-phenylpentane-3-ones and amino substituted 1,3-dimethyluracils. By the oxidation with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid the corresponding nitroxyl radicals were prepared. In the case of 1-anilino-1-phenylpentane-3-ones the aminyl radicals were prepared by the oxidation with PbO2, which existence was evidenced by spin trapping method with nitrosobenzene. In the framework of the investigation of the decomposition of -O-O- bonds the oxygen centred radicals, generated from peroxidic compounds of Luperox type using selected redox agents were detected by spin trapping method. The analysis of EPR spectra documented that primary alkoxyl radicals undergo the consecutive fragmentation, which leads in the presence of oxygen to the formation of secondary alkoxyl radicals. The generation of oxygen centred radicals during the decomposition was indirectly proved in the presence of model phenolic compounds, where due to the abstraction of hydrogen from phenolic OH group the phenoxyl radicals are formed.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds as a new class of porous coordination polymers consists of metal ions or clusters linked by organic molecules. They have gained recent interest because of their large surface areas and huge variety of the porous network structures. They exhibit interesting adsorption properties and therefore are potential candidates for various technical applications. In this work, continuous wave (cw) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods such as pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy are applied to study metal-organic frameworks with respect to different aspects of their properties: The host-guest interactions between Cu2+ ions in [Cu3(btc)2]n (HKUST-1; btc: 1,3,5-benzenetricaboxylate) with adsorbed methanol (CH3OH), 13C enriched carbon monoxide and dioxide (13CO, 13CO2), hydrogen (H2), deuterium (D2) and mixed isotopic HD. In [Cu3(btc)2]n, the Cu2+ ions are connected to binuclear Cu/Cu paddle wheel units. Since the Cu2+ ions in the [Cu3(btc)2]n are antiferromagnetically coupled, the new compound [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n is synthesized by isomorphous substitution containing about 1 % paramagnetic Cu/Zn paddle wheel units. The modified Cu/Zn paddle wheel units prove to be a very sensitive probe for the interactions with the adsorbed molecules. Secondly, the exchange interactions of antiferromagnetically coupled Cu/Cu paddle wheel units as well as additional inter-paddle wheel exchange interactions between the Cu/Cu pairs are studied in [Cu2(bdc)2(dabco)]n, a layered MOF with 1,4-benzenedicaboxylate (bdc) as linker and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) acting as pillars between the layers. In comparison to [Cu3(btc)2]n, the additional inter-paddle wheel exchange interactions are much easier disturbed by incorporation of Zn2+ ions into the framework structure. Third, the structural dynamics of the framework is investigated in the compound [Al(OH)(bdc)]n (MIL-53) which was isomorphously substituted by V(III)/V(IV) species. The 51V hyperfine structure revealed to be sensitive to the so-called breathing effect, a flexible structural behaviour upon guest adsorption/desorption or upon thermal treatment. It is shown that the aluminum ions can be substituted by vanadium but the octahedral coordination environment changes slightly to a pseudo-octahedral or a square-pyramidal coordination. Based on the hyperfine interactions between the electron spin and the nuclear spins of the surrounding atoms, structural models can be derived from orientation-selective measurements. In such a way, structural information of materials like powder samples and adsorbate complexes can be obtained which are hardly or even not accessible by other methods.:1 Introduction 1.1 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for investigation of porous materials 1.2 Metal-organic frameworks 1.3 Implementation of paramagnetism by isomorphous substitution 1.4 EPR spectroscopic methods 1.4.1 Spin Hamiltonian 1.4.2 cw EPR spectroscopy 1.4.3 Pulsed EPR spectroscopy 1.5 Description of the project 2 [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n 2.1 Introduction: Monometallic [Cu3(btc)2]n (1) 2.1.1 Spin coupling 2.1.2 Adsorption of H2O 2.1.3 Adsorption of DTBN 2.2 Isomorphous substitution of Cu2+ by Zn2+ in [Cu3(btc)2]n 2.2.1 Synthesis and characterisation of [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n (2) 2.2.2 cw EPR spectroscopy of 2 2.2.3 Pulsed EPR spectroscopy of 2 2.2.4 Summary: Zn2+ substitution 2.3 Adsorption of methanol (MeOH) on [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n (2_MeOH) 2.3.1 cw EPR spectroscopy of 2_MeOH 2.3.2 Pulsed EPR spectroscopy of 2_MeOH 2.3.3 Discussion 2.3.4 Summary: adsorption of MeOH 2.4 Adsorption of 13CO2 and 13CO on [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n (2_CO2, 2_CO) 2.4.1 cw EPR spectroscopy of 2_CO2 and 2_CO 2.4.2 Pulsed EPR spectroscopy of 2_CO2 and 2_CO 2.4.3 Discussion 2.4.4 Summary: adsorption of 13CO2 and 13CO 2.5 Adsorption of H2, D2 and HD on [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n (2_HH, 2_DD and 2_HD) 2.5.1 cw EPR spectroscopy of 2_HH, 2_DD and 2_HD 2.5.2 Pulsed EPR spectroscopy of 2_HH, 2_DD and 2_HD 2.5.2.1 3p ESEEM spectroscopy of 2_HH, 2_DD and 2_HD 2.5.2.2 Davies-ENDOR spectroscopy of 2_HH 2.5.2.3 Davies-ENDOR spectroscopy of 2_HD 2.5.2.4 Davies-ENDOR spectroscopy of 2_DD 2.5.3 Discussion 2.5.4 Summary: adsorption of H2, D2 and HD 2.6 Conclusion: [Cu2.97Zn0.03(btc)2]n 3 [Cu2(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3) and [Cu(2-x)Zn(x)(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3_x) 3.1 [Cu2(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3) 3.2 [Cu1.9Zn0.1(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3_0.1) 3.3 [Cu(2-x)Zn(x)(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3_0.5, 3_1.0, 3_1.5 and 3_1.9) 3.4 Determination of the exchange coupling constant J 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusions: [Cu(2-x)Zn(x)(bdc)2(dabco)]n (3_x) 4 [(AlOH)1-x(VO)x(bdc)]n (4) and [(AlOH)1-x(VO)x(ndc)]n (5) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 EPR spectroscopic investigations of mixed-metal bdc compounds 4.3 EPR spectroscopic investigations of mixed-metal ndc compounds 4.4: Conclucions: V(III)/V(IV) substitution in [Al(OH)(bdc)]n and [Al(OH)(ndc)]n 5 Summary and Conclusion 5.1 Host-guest interactions 5.2 Exchange couplings of Cu/Cu pairs 5.3 Structural dynamics of the bdc and the ndc framework 5.4 Conclusion 6 Appendix 6.1 Experimental details and additional spectra 6.2 Instrumental details 6.3 Curriculum vitae and publications

Ce mémoire vise à montrer l’intérêt de nanoparticules (NPs) de TiO2 comme plateforme pour immobiliser dans un environnement proche des complexes de coordination pouvant interagir par transfert d’électron photoinduit. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de nanomatériaux hybrides associant le complexe [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) comme photosensibilisateur aux complexes [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ ou [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br] (ttpy = 4'-(p-tolyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) comme accepteurs d'électrons. Pour immobiliser les différents complexes à la surface du TiO2, une fonction acide phosphonique a été introduite sur une des bipyridines du centre [Ru(bpy)3]2+ et sur la terpyridine des complexes [Cr(ttpy)2]3+. L’étude des processus de transferts de charges photo-induits sous irradiation en lumière visible sur le colloïde TiO2/RuII montre que l'état à charges séparées (e-)TiO2/ RuIII possède une longue durée de vie, ce qui rend possible l'utilisation des charges dans des réactions successives d’oxydation ou de réduction. Notamment l’irradiation du colloïde TiO2/RuII en présence de [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ et de triéthanolamine (TEOA) comme donneur d'électron sacrificiel permet la réduction à deux électrons du [Cr(ttpy)2]3+. Par la suite, le complexe [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ est immobilisé sur les NPs de TiO2/RuII pour former un assemblage RuII/TiO2/CrIII au sein duquel les processus de transfert d'électrons photo-induits sont étudiés. De manière à proposer un système pour la réduction photocatalytique du CO2, le complexe [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br] a été co-immobilisé avec le [Ru(bpy)3]2+ suivant une approche de chimie sur surface pour former le colloïde RuII/TiO2/MnI. Ce système présente une excellente sélectivité vis-à-vis du HCOOH comme seul produit de la photoréduction du CO2 en présence de 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) comme donneur d'électron sacrificiel. Un système hybride associant le [Ru(bpy)3]2+ portant des fonctions pyrroles et immobilisé sur TiO2 a également été synthétisé et étudié. Sous irradiation lumineuse, le transfert de charges (e-)TiO2/[Ru-pyr]3+ permet d’induire la polymérisation du pyrrole. Le nanocomposite TiO2/poly(Ru-pyr) obtenu et déposé sur une électrode génère, en présence de TEOA, un photocourant anodique stable de plus de 10 μA.cm-2. L’ensemble des résultats montre que les NPs de TiO2 peuvent être un moyen d’assembler des complexes dans un environnement proche en limitant les interactions à l’état fondamental, mais permettant des transferts d’électrons photoinduits entre eux. Suivant les potentiels redox des différents composants, les transferts d’électron ont lieu soit via la nanoparticule soit en surface de celle-ci. / This thesis aims to investigate the possibility of using TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform to immobilize proximal coordination complexes that can interact with each other by photoinduced electron transfer. We have studied hybrid nanomaterials combining [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as a photosensitizer and [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ or [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br (ttpy = 4'-(p-tolyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) as electron acceptors. To immobilize the various complexes on the surface of TiO2, a phosphonic acid functional group was introduced on one of the bipyridines of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ center and on the terpyridines of the [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ complex. Under visible light, the TiO2/RuII colloid undergoes a photo-induced charge transfer process leading to a long-lived charge separation state (e )TiO2/RuIII, which makes it possible to be engaged in successive oxidation or reduction reactions. In particular, the visible irradiation of the TiO2/RuII colloid in the presence of [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial electron donor allows the two-electron reduction of [Cr(ttpy)2]3+. Subsequently, the [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ complex has been immobilized on the TiO2/RuII NPs to form a RuII/TiO2/CrIII assembly in which the photoinduced electron transfer processes were investigated. In order to propose a system for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, the [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br] and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes were co-immobilized on TiO2 NPs following a chemistry on surface approach to form a RuII/TiO2/MnI triad. Under irradiation at 470 nm, this system exhibits excellent selectivity towards HCOOH as the only product of CO2 photoreduction in DMF/TEOA solvent mixture, in the presence of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) as a sacrificial electron donor. Another hybrid system linking a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ unit to two pyrrole functions and being immobilized on TiO2 has also been synthesized and studied. Under visible light, the transient (e-)TiO2/[Ru-pyr]3+ species induce the polymerization of pyrrole to form a TiO2/poly(Ru-pyr) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite deposited on an electrode generates, in the presence of TEOA, a stable anodic photocurrent of more than 10 μA.cm-2. All the results show that TiO2 NPs can be used to associate different complexes in a close environment by limiting the interactions in the ground state but allow photoinduced electron transfer processes between them. Depending on the redox potentials of the different components, the electron transfer takes place either through the semiconducting NPs or on the surface.

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Ce mémoire de thèse est consacré au développement et à la caractérisation de nouveaux complexes homo- et hétéronucléaires de manganèse et de métaux alcalino-terreux dans le cadre de la modélisation du cluster inorganique Mn4CaO5 de l’OEC du photosystème II.De nouveaux ligands incluant un nombre variable de groupements pyridine-carboxylates basés sur les architectures tris-(2-picolyl)amine et bis-(2-picolyl)ethylamine ont été synthétisés. Ces ligands ont permis d’isoler de nouveaux complexes homonucléaires avec Ca2+ et Sr2+ et ainsi que des complexes hétéronucléaires MnII–Ca. L’analyse par spectroscopie XAS sur le calcium de certaines de ces espèces (parmi d’autres modèles) a permis de calibrer cette technique et ainsi montrer que le XAS pourrait être utilisé pour sonder le cluster naturel dans les différents états du cycle de Kok.Par la suite, une nouvelle famille de complexes tétranucléaires MnII3M’ (M’ = Li+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Mn2+) a été isolée, reposant sur une base métallomacrocyclique trinucléaire accueillant un cation M’ dans la cavité formée. Ces complexes ont révélé un comportement électrochimique original présentant trois systèmes redox successifs et réversibles dont le potentiel varie avec M’. Ces espèces ont démontré une excellente stabilité en solution, y compris à l’état d’oxydation du manganèse +III. Des complexes homonucléaires M3M (M = Fe2+, Co2+) similaires ont aussi été étudiés.Enfin, des complexes binucléaires de Mn3+ pontés par des ligands oxo ont été isolés, ainsi que leurs précurseurs de Mn2+. Par ailleurs, un exemple de cluster métallomacrocyclique à valence mixte Mn2+/Mn3+ et incorporant du calcium a été obtenu, qui représente le premier exemple d’un manganèse(II) ponté par un ligand hydroxo à deux ions Ca2+. / This thesis is focused on the development and characterization of new homo- and heteronuclear complexes of manganese and alkaline-earth metals for the modelization of the Mn4CaO5 inorganic cluster of the OEC of photosystem II.New ligands incorporating a varied number of pyridine-carboxylate groups and based on the tris-(2-picolyl)amine and bis-(2-picolyl)ethylamine architectures have been synthesized. These ligands enabled the isolation of Ca2+ and Sr2+ homonuclear complexes as well as heteronuclear MnII–Ca complexes. Part of these species have been characterized (among other models) by Ca XAS spectroscopy, enabling the calibration of this technique for the study of more complex systems such as the OEC.Furthermore, a new family of MnII3M’ (M’ = Li+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Mn2+) tetranuclear complexes has been isolated, based on a trinuclear Mn2+ metallamacrocyclic architecture hosting a M’ cation in the formed cavity. These complexes exhibited an original electrochemical behavior, displaying three successive reversible redox processes in oxidation whose potentials vary depending on the metal M’. These species demonstrated an excellent stability in solution, even at the +III oxidation state of manganese. Similar homonuclear M3M (M = Fe2+, Co2+) complexes have been isolated.Finally, binuclear Mn3+ complexes bridged by oxo ligands have been isolated, as well as their Mn2+ precursors. Moreover, a mixed-valence Mn2+/Mn3+ metallamacrocyclic cluster incorporating calcium has been synthesized, revealing the first example of a manganese(II) bridged by an hydroxo ligand to Ca2+ ions.

Целью диссертационного исследования является изучение процессов восстановления нитрогруппы в препаратах азоло-азинового ряда с применением электрохимических методов и ЭПР-спектроскопии. Для достижения стабильных и воспроизводимых данных была разработана методика эксперимента. Рассмотрены вопросы электровосстановления фармпрепаратов содержащих нитрогруппу в своем строении и применение ЭПР – спектроскопии и электрохимических методов анализа, в частности вольтамперометрии, для установления механизма восстановления лекарственных веществ в теле человека. В ходе экспериментальной части установлена природа происходящих процессов, в том числе, природа лимитирующей стадии, проведен расчет количества электронов, принимающих участие в процессах электровосстановления основного вещества препаратов TRIAZAVIRIN® и TRIAZID®. Предложены вероятные механизмы протекания исследуемого процессов восстановления нитрогруппы исследуемых соединений. / The main substances of the newest Russian antiviral drugs, the aziolo-azine series TRIAZAVIRIN® and TRIAZID®, served as the research subjects. Objective: to study the processes of reduction of the nitro group in these compounds using electrochemical methods and EPR spectroscopy. An analysis of the literature data showed that the pharmaceutical activity of preparations containing a nitro group is due to its reduction. Electrochemical methods of analysis make it possible to study the in vitro transformation of the preparation as close as possible to the processes taking place with the drug in vivo. The method of EPR-spectroscopy allows obtaining reliable data on the free radical formed during the reaction, which can be a determining factor of the biological activity of the preparation. These methods were taken as a basis for studying the processes of nitro group reduction, which is a part of the basic substances of TRIAZAVIRIN® (TRZ) and TRIAZID® (TZ) preparations. The processes of nitro group reduction in TRZ and TZ molecules were studied using voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. It has been established that the rate of reduction of the nitro group TRZ is controlled by diffusion, the process of reduction of the nitro group of the preparation is stepwise, irreversible and proceeds at a potential of -0.35 V through the formation of an anion radical with addition of 4e. It is shown that the rate of reduction of the nitro group of TZ is controlled by diffusion. The single-wave reduction process of the nitro group TZ at a potential of 6 -0.65 V is irreversible, goes through the formation of an anion radical with addition of 6e. Possible schemes for the recovery of the nitro group of the basic substances of TRIAZAVIRIN® and TRIAZID® preparations are proposed.