Pakistani women in the UK have high levels of mental illness, alongside low levels of outpatient mental health service use, compared with women of other ethnic groups. Further, previous studies have suggested that Pakistani women have particularly low levels of social support, and high levels of social isolation which may reduce their chances of coming into contact with mental health services. However, to date, there has been little empirical evidence to support this. This thesis investigated the mental health service use, social networks' structure and function, and the relationship between the two, for Pakistani women compared with women of other ethnic groups. This was done using a systematic review of the relevant literature, and statistical modelling using two large nationally representative datasets from the UK. The first dataset, Understanding Society, was used to formulate latent classes of support networks, subsequently used in regression models to compare the support available in Pakistani women's networks with women of other ethnic groups. The second dataset, Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community (EMPIRIC), was used to ascertain the influence of social networks (perceived social support, contact with relatives and friends, network composition, and size) on the use of outpatient mental health services, using logistic regression modelling. These data were also used to build a structural equation model to test the direct and indirect effects of social networks on outpatient mental health service usage, via their impact on mental illness. Pakistani women (along with Bangladeshi women) had the lowest rate of mental health service use, compared with women in other ethnic groups. Further Pakistani women were more likely to be socially isolated than White majority women, but there were largely no differences between Pakistani women and other ethnic minority women in the structure and function of social networks. Finally, there was evidence to suggest that social networks indirectly reduced mental health service use via their impact on mental illness. There were only small ethnic differences in the indirect effect of social networks on mental health service use, and these differences did not explain Pakistani women's under-use of mental health services.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-09-12T18:46:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaAlmeida.pdf: 5427163 bytes, checksum: 82584daa867dab248daeeb43f7985fb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T18:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaAlmeida.pdf: 5427163 bytes, checksum: 82584daa867dab248daeeb43f7985fb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão / In this work, I analyze some constituent elements from Krenyê social reorganization process located in Maranhão. Early 21st century, they claimed belonging people considered extinct, the Krenyê of Bacabal. The invasion by colonial forces led to the loss of territory in the middle of the twentieth century. They passed by the process of dispersion and fragmentation that they went through the loss of territory and lived in the lands of other peoples, leading them to “invisibility” and “silencing”. This process occurs by contingent and relational mode, and had been lived different ways between those claiming Krenyê´s ancestry. Then, I want to emphasize the historical and transitory character of identities and the political and strategic Krenye’s issues, posed by the necessity to achieve the recognition of identity and territory. / Neste trabalho abordo alguns elementos constitutivos do processo de reorganização social dos Krenyê localizados no estado do Maranhão. No início do século XXI, começaram a afirmar pertencimento a um povo considerado extinto, os “Krenyê de Bacabal”. A invasão do território por forças coloniais levou à perda do mesmo em meados do século XX. Passaram por processos de dispersão e fragmentação que os levaram a viver nas terras de outros povos e situação de “invisibilidade” e silenciamento. Este processo ocorre de modo contigente e relacional, e é vivido de forma diferente por aqueles que reivindicam ascendência Krenyê. Assim, objetivo enfatizar o caráter histórico e transitório das identidades e as questões políticas e estratégicas Krenyê, que são postas pela necessidade de reconhecimento identitário e territorial.

This study is about the Turkish diaspora in Sweden and how whose thoughts about being a Turk interact with how they perceive their work environment. The purpose of the paper is to analyse how four individuals with Turkish background interact with surrounding actors at their workplaces in Sweden and when, where, and how their Turkish identity is performed. Following are the questions asked to fulfil the purpose of the study;  How do high educated Turks in diaspora experience being Turkish in Sweden?  When, where, and how is the Turkish identity performed?  How do high educated Turks in diaspora interact with and perceive their surrounding actors in workplaces in Sweden? The results show that the participants do not have a direct experience of being a Turk. Their experiences are mostly a result of their interaction with others and of others’ perception of their Turkish identity. The results also show that the Turkish identity is often visible in interaction with actors outside the Turkish diaspora. However, the heterogeneous Turkish diaspora shows that perceptions of religion, politics and education can be identified as critical factors at play in interactions within the Turkish diaspora. Participants’ interaction with others and their perceptions of their workplaces are highlydependant on the workplace. Depending on the workplace’s heterogeneity or homogeneity the experiences differ. Some of the participants have developed strategies to eliminate conflicts associated with their Turkish identity.

Background: The prevalence of overweight, obesity and obesity-related disease, mainly cardiovascular disease (CVD), is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Ethnic differences have been reported in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and CVD. However, measures used to define overweight and obesity, and identify increased risk of CVD were developed and validated in predominately Caucasian populations in developed countries. Consequently, these measures may not accurately define disease risk in all population groups. Therefore the specific aims of this programme of study were: 1. To establish the relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in different ethnic groups. 2. To identify field measures of adiposity, relating to cardiovascular risk in different ethnic groups. 3. To compare the relationship of adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in a single ethnic group, that of a rural and an urban population in Zimbabwe. 4. To identify risk factors for CVD related to adiposity in a population of African origin. Study design: Three empirical studies were undertaken. In study one, 312 adult subjects from three ethnic groups (Afro-Caribbean (n=106), Caucasian (n=165) and South Asian (n=41)) were recruited from a University. Twenty-six (26) of each group were individually matched for age (±3 years) gender and BMI (±2 kg/m2) to allow for comparability. Measures of body composition included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thickness measures, body density and percentagebody fat. In study two, 81 subjects from two ethnic groups (Afro-Caribbean (n=39) and Caucasian (n=42)) were recruited and tested. They were matched for age, gender and BMI using the same criteria as study one. In addition to the body composition measures taken in study one, random non-fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were taken. In study three, 55 men and 108 women from rural Zimbabwe, 8 men and 17 women from an urban low-density suburb in Harare Zimbabwe, and 28 male and 16 female students from the University of Zimbabwe were recruited and tested. In addition to all measures of body composition in studies one and metabolic analysis in study two, participants’ dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 24hour recall and physical activity was assessed by a physical activity questionnaire. Main findings: • The relationship between BMI and %BF was not the same in all ethnic groups. (aim 1) • There were ethnic differences in the cardiovascular risk predictors between Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian men and women. (aim 1) • It is not recommended that BIA is used as a substitute for TBW estimation in multi-compartment models. (aim 2) • In three groups of Zimbabweans from urban, rural and university locations, a pattern emerged. Amongst women, urban women were at greatest risk, reporting highest values for all variables, followed by rural then university women. Amongst men, urban men were at highest risk, however there were few differences between rural and university men. (aim 3). • Finally, increased WC and dyslipidemia are associated with increasing BMI in populations of African origin. (aim 4) Conclusions: The relationships between overweight, obesity and risk of obesity-related disease differ between different ethnic groups. Moreover, in the groups from Zimbabwe, differences in obesity-related risk were associated with being female and living in urban areas. Therefore, application of universal measures for defining obesity and related diseases may not be applicable to all ethnic groups.

The purpose of this study was to compare final grades of dual enrollment students in English Composition I (ENGL 1010) and College Algebra (MATH 1130) at VSCC. The study focused on whether students admitted to these courses using COMPASS Writing and/or Math scores are as successful as students admitted to these courses using ACT English and/or Math subscores. Additionally, the researcher examined whether there were differences related to gender and race-ethnicity for each course by entry method. Final courses grades were used to determine success. The population consisted of 4,156 dual enrollment students and was broken down into 2 groups: ACT-admitted dual enrollment students and COMPASS-admitted dual enrollment students. For this study 5,138 dual enrollment grades were used in calculations. Chi-square tests were used to determine significance in the final grades of both groups of students. The quantitative findings revealed no significant difference between ACT-admitted students and COMPASS-admitted students when comparing final grades in English Composition. There was a significant difference within the two groups when comparing final grades in College Algebra with ACT-admitted students scoring significantly higher grades than COMPASS-admitted students. Additionally, findings indicated COMPASS-admitted females scored more grades of A than ACT-admitted females in English Composition while ACT-admitted males earned more grades of A than COMPASS-admitted females. The difference was significant in College Algebra with both ACT-admitted females and males being at least twice as likely as COMPASS-admitted females and males to score grades of A. While there was no significant difference when comparing final grades between the white ACT-admitted students and white COMPASS-admitted students in English, significance did exist for the White students in College Algebra. White ACT-admitted students had significantly higher percentages of grades of A than white COMPASS-admitted students in College Algebra. Lastly, although data could not be analyzed for non-Whites in English Composition or College Algebra, when reviewing the percentages for both courses, ACT-admitted students’ A grade percentages were higher.

Narrative analysis of the impact of heterosexism on K-12 lesbian teachers. For full abstract, visit the American Folklore Society Annual Meeting Program Book.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.