Nominalisation is being considered as one of the tendencies of the contemporary German. The diploma thesis focuses not only on noun derivatives. This diploma thesis deals with the nominal style in general, which is rich on the derivative nouns and different kinds of noun-verb combinations. In contrary to verbal style, the nominal style occurs primarily in the written and professional language. However, some features are to be found even on level A1 and A2 and are used in everyday spoken language. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the textbooks for children and young adults and to find in what level occur the features of the nominal style in textbooks for secondary schools.

This diploma thesis deals with the integration of etymology as one of the possible motivational component in language learning at the second stage of primary schools with regard to German as a foreign language after English. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with etymology as one of the linguistic disciplines, genealogical relation of English and German language and the issue of motivation in learning a foreign language. The practical part concentrates on creation of the author´s own didactical materials and the application of the discovered relations within these two languages. The aim of these materials is to motivate the pupils at the primary schools to multilingualism.

Esta dissertação é principalmente um estudo de Etimologia; porém, tem um caráter interdisciplinar, pois nos valhamos de outros estudos linguísticos, como a Morfologia, Fonologia, Linguística Histórica, Semântica, assim como os Estudos de Tradução e de Filologia. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a etimologia de alguns elementos lexicais terminados em -ção, que têm cognatas em -sjon no norueguês. Estes elementos são atribuídos aos chamados internacionalismos que, por sua vez, integram o conjunto de empréstimos na língua. Para analisar a etimologia de cada uma das palavras da amostragem, pesquisamos o terminus a quo de cada cognata, tanto do português quanto do norueguês, e também de outras línguas do ramo latino e germânico a fim de traçar o caminho percorrido pelo elemento lexical. Propusemos outros procedimentos para fortalecer a determinação do étimo destes elementos lexicais. A análise deste tipo de elemento lexical é um grande desafio, uma vez que suas cognatas têm grafia e pronúncia muito parecidas. Também nos propusemos a comparar os resultados de nossa pesquisa etimológica com as informações contidas em outros dicionários: no Grande Dicionário Houaiss, para a língua portuguesa, no Bokmål Ordbok, no Nynorsk Ordbok (ambos da Universidade de Bergen), no Norsk Ordbok e no Riskmålsordbok, para a língua norueguesa. Consultamos muitas obras online e corpora para a realização dessa pesquisa. O Google Books e a Biblioteca Nacional da Noruega (Nasjonalbibliothek) foram fundamentais para este fim. / The present dissertation is mainly an etymological study. It has, however, an interdisciplinary character as it is part of other linguistics studies, such as Morphology, Phonology, Historical Linguistics, Semantics, as well as Translation Studies and Philology. The aim of this work is to analyse the etymology of some lexical elements formed by the derivational suffix -ção in the Portuguese language with cognates formed by -sjon in the Norwegian language. These elements are assigned to the internationalisms which, in turn, are part of the set of loanwords in the language. With a view to analysing each of the collected lexical elements of the sampling, we searched for the terminus a quo of each cognate both in the Portuguese language and in the Norwegian language as well as in the other Romance and Germanic languages. From this collection, we succeeded in tracing the path each word took. Furthermore, we proposed other procedures to strengthen the establishment of the etymon of these lexical elements. Such an analysis is a big challenge, since the cognates are very alike both in the spelling and in the pronunciation. We also aimed to compare the results of our research with the etymological information provided by the Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa and by some Norwegian dictionaries, such as Bokmål Ordbok, Nynorsk Ordbok (both from the Bergen University), Norsk Ordbok and Riksmålsordbok. We accessed many online works and corpora in order to carry out our research. The Google Books and the National Library of Norway (Nasjonalbibliothek) were fundamental for this end.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Rembong-Wangka is an Austronesian language, which together with other little described languages, belongs to the Manggaraic subgroup of Austronesian. One aim is to present information about them, as well as other languages in the area, drawn from not readily accessible sources, including archival material, and information collected by the author in Flores. An estimation of the number of speakers of Rembong-Wangka, the dialects and a map of settlements where the language is spoken, are given. The second aim is to describe adnominal possessive constructions, and the third to discuss etymologies of morphological elements in these constructions. The material to answer these questions was collected during two short field trips. Written glossed texts in a Rembong-Wangka corpus constructed by the author were used and analysed in the FLEx program. In pronominal possession, the possessor can be expressed by pronominal enclitics or oblique pronouns. The latter of these two strategies is more emphatic. Non-pronominal possession can be expressed by juxtaposition or with a Possession Construction Marker (PCM). Juxtaposition is used mostly for non-prototypical possession or possession-like relationships and PCMs mainly for prototypical possession. The etymology of the oblique pronouns is discussed, as well as the possible etymological connections of Central Flores PCMs with different words in Rembong-Wangka. / Rembong-Wangka är ett austronesiskt språk, som tillsammans med andra litet beskrivna språk, hör till den manggaraiiska undergruppen av austronesiska. Ett mål är att presentera information om dem, och andra språk i området, från ofta svåråtkomliga källor, bl a arkivmaterial, och information insamlat av författaren på Flores. En uppskattning av antalet talare av Rembong-Wangka, dialekter och en karta över boplatser där språket talas, ges. Det andra målet är att beskriva adnominala ägandekonstruktioner, och det tredje att diskutera etymologier till morfologiska element i dessa konstruktioner. Materialet för att besvara dessa frågor samlades under två korta fältstudier. Skrivna och glosserade texter i en Rembong-Wangka-korpus konstruerad av författaren användes, och analyserades i programmet FLEx. I pronominellt ägande kan ägaren uttryckas med pronominella enklitikor eller med oblika personliga pronomen. Den andra av dessa två strategier är mer emfatisk. Icke-pronominellt ägande kan uttryckas med juxtaposition eller med en ägandekonstruktionsmarkör (PCM). Juxtaposition används mestadels för icke-prototypiskt ägande eller ägandeliknande relationer och PCM för huvudsakligen prototypiska ägarerelationer. De oblika pronominas etymologi diskuteras, och också möjliga etymologiska samband mellan den centralflorinesiska PCMer och olika ord i Rembong-Wangka.

Students enrolled in a college preparatory reading class at one particular community college were categorized based on language origin. Native English speaking students comprised one group and foreign students formed two additional groups--students whose language origin was Latin-based (i.e. Romance languages) and students whose language origin was not Latin-based (i.e. Japanese). A pretest assessment measure was used to quantify the extent that pre-existing knowledge of Latinate word parts and morphologically complex vocabulary differed among groups based on language origin. The identical instrument served as a posttest to measure the extent that direct instruction in morphological analysis resulted in change among the same groups after one semester of instruction. Two sections on both the pretest and posttest yielded a total of four distinct mean scores that formed the primary basis for comparison. Categorizing students within the college preparatory reading class based on language origin revealed distinctive strengths and weaknesses relative to group identity when learning Latin-based word parts and vocabulary. Results of a one-way fixed-factor analysis of variance, in conjunction with multiple comparison procedures, indicated that the Latin-based group performed the strongest. This group had the greatest mean score on all four measurements; however, only for the word part section of the pretest was the difference statistically significant. The non Latin-based group performed the poorest as evidenced by scoring the lowest on three of the four measures, with a statistically significant difference for the vocabulary pretest. Additionally, a disproportionately large number of students within the native English-speaking group had difficulty mastering word parts. Though the lower group mean was statistically significant for the word part section of the posttest, practical significance was not observable from the descriptive data. A follow-up frequency tabulation revealed a dichotomization within the native English speaking group between those who proceeded to master word parts and those who did not. Furthermore, results from a pretest/posttest comparison for each respective group indicated that all three groups made significant gains on both sections of the test instrument as a result of direct instruction in Latinate word parts and vocabulary. However, there was an incongruity between word part and vocabulary mastery as all three group means were markedly better on the word part section of the instrument. The results of this study suggest that college preparatory students, regardless of their language origin, enter higher education with limited knowledge of Latinate word parts and vocabulary. The results further suggest that students comprising the heterogeneously populated college preparatory reading class can profit from direct instruction in morphological analysis--regardless of language origin. Prior research has demonstrated that college-level content words tend to be morphologically complex, singular in meaning, and likely to be Latinate in origin. Reading is the salient skill utilized across the curriculum and often the primary means of content dissemination. Reading, in turn, is principally linked to the extent of one's vocabulary. Consequently, teaching morphologically complex vocabulary at the college preparatory level along with providing a working knowledge of morphemes can assist students toward college readiness.

Данная работа посвящена анализу русских диалектных слов и выражений, называющих различные нарушения сознания. Так, нами рассматривались номинации кликушества, эпилепсии, помутнения и потери сознания, головокружения, оцепенения, аффекта, состояния, которое в литературном языке описательно называется «вертится на языке». Также интерпретировались языковые факты семантически зеркальной зоны «обретение сознания». / This work analyzes Russian dialect words and expressions naming various disorders of consciousness. There are considered the nominations of clamor, epilepsy, turbidity and loss of consciousness, dizziness, stupor, affect, a condition that in literary language is descriptively called “being on the tip of the tongue”. The linguistic facts of the semantically mirrored zone “gaining consciousness” were also interpreted.

C’est au IVe siècle que le grammairien romain Maurus Servius Honoratus compose son commentaire sur l’Énéide de Virgile. Ce recueil de commentaires, ou scholia, a notamment comme objectif l’enseignement d’une langue normative guidé par les principes de la latinitas : le latin conforme aux principes grammaticaux. Malgré la place centrale qu’occupe depuis longtemps l’Énéide dans l’éducation et la culture latine, Servius voue une grande partie de son commentaire à l’explication des tournures de langue irrégulières que présente le texte de Virgile. S’il excuse ces irrégularités en raison du langage poétique ou de l’antiquité du texte, le grammairien en proscrit toutefois l’usage à ses étudiants. La reconnaissance de l’autorité du texte entretient alors une tension constante avec les règles synthétiques qu’a établies la discipline grammaticale. Cette recherche se propose d’explorer d’abord cette tension sous deux aspects précis : le traitement de la syntaxe des prépositions et le déploiement du langage technique définissant les différentes expressions jugées irrégulières. Pour comprendre de quelle manière langage constitue aux yeux du grammairien le socle du savoir objectif sur le monde antique, un troisième chapitre est consacré à l’apport notionnel et pédagogique des étymologies savantes pour le commentaire. Servius est héritier d’une longue tradition intellectuelle, ce qu’il ne rend pas toujours apparent dans ses notices. Cette recherche s’est fait un souci de déterminer l’origine de principes sur lesquels s’appuie la composition des scholies serviennes. / In the 4th century, Roman grammarian Maurus Servius Honoratus composed his commentary on Virgil's Aeneid. One of the aims of this collection of commentaries, or scholia, was to teach a normative language guided by the principles of latinitas: Latin in accordance with grammatical principles. Despite the Aeneid's long-standing centrality in Latin education and culture, Servius devotes much of his commentary to explaining the irregular turns of language in Virgil's text. Although he excuses these irregularities on the grounds of poetic language or the antiquity of the text, the grammarian nonetheless forbids their use by his students. Recognition of the text's authority thus maintains a constant tension with the synthetic rules established by the discipline of grammar. This research will explore this tension from two specific angles: the syntactic treatment of prepositions and the deployment of technical language to define various expressions deemed irregular. To understand how the grammarian sees language as the foundation of objective knowledge about the ancient world, a third chapter is devoted to the notional and pedagogical contribution of learned etymologies to commentary. Servius is heir to a long intellectual tradition, which he does not always make apparent in his notes. The aim of this research is to determine the origin of some principles underlying the composition of Servian scholia.

Amen is the Hebrew word best known and most widely used in world religions even today. Its importance as a meaningful expression throughout biblical texts is given thorough study as well as its transmission throughout religious history. It has been transliterated and integrated into the prayers and liturgy of about every Christian church. In this thesis amen is traced down to its usage in Old Testament texts selected according to their liturgical setting. After examining the three sets of texts, progressive development stages have been produced. The first text of Deuteronomy 27 was basically a ceremony of civil nature for a Covenant commitment. All tribes of Israel were present and the amen response was stipulated to confirm their allegiance to Yahweh and to acknowledge the curses threatened. The second stage in the development of amen in Old Testament worship is an expected, not stipulated response to answer a doxology or a prayer. At this stage amen was pronounced by the worshipping congregation in cultic situations in general, particularly in the Psalms. A third and more developed liturgical response can be found in the spontaneous double amen spoken by the returnees from exile gathered for the reading of the Law session at Nehemiah's time. Amen had become a thriving force and a joyful outburst - not demanded, not simply expected, but spontaneous in the believers' response to Yahweh's guidance and love. The New Testament and Christians of all times inherited and adopted the same Hebrew word and sound of amen as confirmation and praise. A proposal is made in this study to set amen as a causal connection with the One who loved mankind first. The proposed derivation of amen from the Hiphil Imperative remits its origin to a causative plea, and persuades people to believe in what they have just heard or said, namely, that Jesus Christ is God's amen for the salvation of all mankind. Christians of all times and places should join in the praise of God through the same faith in His Amen. Thus amen becomes a binding concept for ecumenical understanding. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université́ de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / Ce mémoire est une analyse de mon langage musical à travers trois œuvres récentes composées entre 2011 et 2013. Il présente une analyse en détail de trois compositions d’instrumentations différentes : - Akme, pour piano seul - Les Yeux d’une fille dans un cimetière, pour piano, violon, violoncelle, flûte et clarinette - Epitafe, pour orchestre Avec des exemples musicaux tirés de ces trois compositions, j’étudie plusieurs volets de mon approche de la composition musicale, notamment les influences extra-musicales, la forme, la mélodie, l’harmonie et l’orchestration. En guise d’introduction, on retrouve également un chapitre qui traite de la place que les influences extra-musicales, la forme et la métrique occupent dans mon travail en général. / This memoir is a musical analysis of my musical language through the study of three of my recent works that were composed between 2011 and 2013. It presents a detailed analysis of three compositions of varied instrumentation : - Akme, for solo piano - Les Yeux d’une fille dans un cimetière, for piano, violin, cello, flute and clarinette - Epitafe, for orchestra With musical examples taken from these works, I study various components of my approach to musical composition such as extra-musical influences, form, melody, harmony and orchestration. As introduction to these studies, we find a chapter that speaks of the role that extra-musical influences, form and musical time holds in my work as a composer in general.