Stress, burnout, and sleep problems are linked with negative health outcomes and are increasingly common globally and among the Swedish population. To strengthen mental health response at the primary health care level, the students of the Programme for Master of Science in Psychology give psycho-educative, CBT-based stress- and sleep treatments at health care centres in Umeå as part of their training. To understand what affects the treatment outcome, this study aimed to investigate whether burnout and sleep quality interact after a stress intervention. One hundred sixteen residents of Umeå, who went through treatment in the form of a stress school, participated in the study. The stress school treatment was delivered in four weekly sessions that lasted 90 minutes each including a break. The Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) and the Swedish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used before and after the intervention to assess its effects. The findings of the study showed no interaction effect between burnout and sleep quality at the beginning of the treatment and burnout as a treatment outcome. At the same time, it revealed main effects for both burnout and sleep quality, showing that high level of burnout and poor quality of sleep at the beginning predict higher levels of burnout after the treatment in the stress school. These findings suggest that addressing stress and sleep problems at the beginning may be important in improving burnout treatment outcomes in stress treatments. / Stress, utbrändhet och sömnproblem är relaterade till negativa hälsoutfall och har blivit allt vanligare globalt och bland den svenska befolkningen. För att stötta vården ger psykologstudenter på Umeå Universitet, som del av sin utbildning, psykoedukativ, KBT-baserade stress- och sömnbehandlingar på hälsocentraler i Umeå. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå vad som påverkar resultatet av behandlingen genom att undersöka om utbrändhet och sömnkvalitet påverkar varandra vid behandling av stress-relaterad ohälsa. Ett hundrasexton invånare i Umeå, som fullföljde behandling i form av en stress-skola, deltog i studien. Stressskolebehandlingen levererades i fyra veckovisa sessioner som varade 90-minuter var, inklusive en paus. Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) och den svenska versionen av Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) användes före och efter interventionen. Studiens resultat visade ingen interaktion mellan utbrändhet och sömnkvalitet i relation till utbrändhet som behandlingsutfall. Samtidigt visade resultatet att det fanns en huvudeffekt för både utbrändhet och sömnkvalitet, då högre nivåer av utbrändhet och sämre sömn vid inledningen av behandlingen vid predicerade högre nivåer av utbrändhet efter behandlingen i stresskolan. Dessa resultat tyder på att det kan vara viktigt att ta itu med stress och sömnproblem i början för att förbättra resultaten av utbrändhetsbehandling i stressbehandlingar.

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Although ample research has been conducted to explore employee emotional labor and customer incivility at the workplace, there is limited literature examining the role of surface acting in the stressor-strain relationships associated with customer incivility. The current study focuses on the mediating effect of surface acting between customer mistreatment-emotional exhaustion and customer mistreatment-service sabotage relationships. Based on several theoretical models regarding mental and emotional resources, including the Conservation of Resources Theory and Ego Depletion Theory, it is hypothesized that a significant mediating effect of surface acting can be identified in the customer mistreatment-emotional exhaustion and customer mistreatment-service sabotage relationships. A total of 173 UCF-affiliated participants with at least a month of service working experience were recruited from the UCF SONA system and surveyed their emotional stress and interaction with customers at work to test the hypotheses. The concept of service sabotage was studied at both the individual and environmental levels to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships. Deep acting as a different type of emotional labor was also inspected in the current study. Results revealed the significant relationships between surface acting and customer mistreatment, emotional exhaustion, as well as individual-level service sabotage. Results also supported the hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of surface acting on customer mistreatment predicting emotional exhaustion and individual-level service sabotage, but not environmental-level service sabotage. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, future research directions are discussed.

A sizeable portion of the United States (U.S.) population works within the criminal legal system, and individuals who have legal involvement are a highly stigmatized population. Research suggests working with stigmatized populations can result in the transfer of stigma to professionals, referred to as associative stigma. While qualitative studies indicate there are negative perceptions related to working in criminal legal settings, there is no quantitative research on criminal legal staff’s experience with associative stigma and how it impacts job-related factors. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the psychometrics of an adapted measure to quantitatively assess associative stigma among criminal legal staff, 2) explore individual differences in staff’s associative stigma, and 3) investigate associative stigma’s relationship with influential job factors. An online sample of criminal legal staff in the U.S. (n=198) were recruited to complete an adapted version of the Clinician Associative Stigma Scale (Yanos et al., 2017) along with measures of demographics, stigmatizing attitudes toward justice-involved people, and job-related factors (e.g., orientation toward punishment, burnout). An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors in the adapted-CASS named “negative stereotypes of working in criminal legal settings” and “discomfort with disclosure.” Regarding individual differences in associative stigma, those who were younger, worked fewer years with justice-involved individuals, and worked in probation agencies reported experiencing more negative stereotypes of working in criminal legal settings. Staff who had daily (as opposed to less frequent) contact with justice-involved individuals reported more discomfort with disclosure. Regarding associative stigma’s impact on job-related factors, experiences with negative stereotypes of working in criminal legal settings and discomfort with disclosure were related to greater emotional exhaustion. Further, as staff endorsed more discomfort with disclosure, they indicated greater punitive orientation, turnover intention, plans to leave their jobs, and less job satisfaction. Overall, results suggest that associative stigma has a negative impact on job-related factors among criminal legal staff. Therefore, examining ways to support staff and reduce associative stigma’s impact may address some of the challenges of working in the criminal legal system.

Children are considered a vulnerable population in society. While thermoregulation in children is similar to that of an adult, children are vulnerable to heat-related illness. Student athletes have been found to be particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness for numerous reasons, including intense outdoor play. Football players are perhaps the most at-risk population of student athletes due to the intense physical requirements, outdoor practice during the hottest months of the year, and the extensive protective equipment required. By conducting a literature review on the subject of pediatric heat illness, the purpose of this thesis is to explore evidenced based research and guidelines regarding heat-related illness prevention. This review of literature was conducted through the utilization of the University of Central Florida's online databases using the EBSCOhost platform of: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. This thesis is unique because it does not focus on an individual sport; rather, it focuses on pediatric athletes from various disciplines. The prevalence, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of heat-related injuries are complex phenomena requiring the attention of law makers, athletic associations, school officials, coaches, athletic trainers, parents, and students.

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In the modern, sophisticated world, connectivity has become a part of everyday routine: answering the phone call through the car or sending emergency calls by smartwatch to the nearest hospital. The ICT industry is the one that enables this connectivity by developing such technologies as 3G, 4G, 5G and WI-FI that can connect the phone with a smartwatch, car, house or speaker. At the same time, the interconnection of a significant number of devices creates licensing issues, and one of them is discussed in this thesis. The two long-established industries: ICT and automotive, are in licensing contradiction due to the different licensing practices. One such case is the dispute between ICT producer Nokia and car manufacturer Daimler. Nokia obtains a patent essential to the 4G standard that shall be licensed on the FRAND terms. The merits of the case- are to who shall the owner of the ICT patent provide license: to all implementers or just to one; whether it has the right to choose its licensees. To figure out the answers, I examined the contractual obligations of Nokia to the ETSI (FRAND commitment), its compliance with Article 102 of the TFEU (abuse of dominant position) and whether the patent exhaustion prohibits some licensing practices.

The front-line homeless-sector workforce provides an essential service in an often emotionally-taxing environment that leads to high turnover. However, there has been limited research focused on front-line homeless sector workers or the supervisory support needed to mitigate the stressful nature of their work. A web-based survey of front-line homeless-sector workers (n=82) was conducted to compare the relative effects of transformational and supportive leadership on emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in front-line homeless sector workers. Established and validated measures were used for each of the variables in the study; the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire for transformational leadership, the Inventory of Supportive and Unsupportive Managerial Behaviours for supportive leadership, the Maslach Burnout Inventory for emotional exhaustion, and the TIS-6 Turnover Intention Scale for turnover intention. Correlational analysis and multivariate multiple regression were used to analyze the relative effects. It was found that although transformational leadership has a correlational association with emotional exhaustion, it does not have a significant association with turnover intention. It also does not have a predictive relationship with either emotional exhaustion or turnover intention in front-line homeless-sector workers. Supportive leadership, however, had significant correlational associations and significant predictive relationships with both emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in the respondents. Implications for homeless-serving agencies and for supervisory support for front-line homeless-sector workers are discussed. / Graduate

Principal workloads and demands are steadily increasing while principal health and well-being are declining, resulting in increased rates of principal turnover. Currently, principals are experiencing numerous work-related stressors that are increasing burnout. In many cases, school leaders are sacrificing their families and health to lead their schools. As school success is linked with principal leadership, principal burnout and wellness demands further discussion and investigation. Yet, there is a limited body of research that examines the lived experiences of principals who experience burnout. Consequently, this researcher conducted a phenomenological qualitative study of 12 Texas K-12 elementary and secondary public school principals in central Texas. Findings pointed out that principals experience burnout in waves. While the COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted the burnout principal experienced, political divisiveness and social media attacks intensified their burnout. Additional findings revealed that burnout can cause principals to question staying in their role and negatively affect the quality of their family relationships as well as their health. Principals coped with their burnout by being aware of their emotions, spending time doing things that brought happiness, exercising, and reverting back to their faith in God. Additionally, principals believed that having knowledgeable district leaders who are visible, trust their leadership, and offer real support could help to alleviate or mitigate principal burnout. Suggestions for ways that district leaders, principal preparation programs, and state education departments could reduce principal burnout and increase student, school, and distinct outcomes while supporting principal well-being are provided.

Chronic exhaustion is a consequence of detrimental working conditions and demands, as well as inadequate coping techniques, potentially resulting in burnout. Previous research has studied occupational environment and individual factors as predictors of exhaustion. Although these differ between former East and West German states, the regional distinction regarding exhaustion has been neglected. To fill this gap, we used the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in a representative German sample from 2014 to assess the burnout symptom exhaustion. Estimating ordinary least squares regressions, important burnout predictors were compared between the former East and West German states. Regional differences concerning occupational environments were related to the associations between individual factors, situational aspects of technostress and exhaustion. Associations between individual factors (e.g., female sex, lower working hours, age, partnership status, and household income) and exhaustion were stronger in East Germany, whereas technostress (strain of internet use, number of e-mails during leisure time, and social pressure to be constantly available) was more strongly associated with exhaustion in West Germany. Despite lower financial gratification and a higher social pressure to be constantly available in the East, West Germans were more afflicted by exhaustion. Individual factors and technostress should thus be considered when focusing on job-related mental health issues.