京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18112号 / 理博第3990号 / 新制||理||1575(附属図書館) / 30970 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 西村 いくこ, 教授 長谷 あきら, 教授 鹿内 利治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Under en kort tid har brottsligheten i Sverige ökat och blivit ett allvarligt och omtalat samhällsproblem. Det är en komplex process att lämna en kriminell miljö som ofta kan innebära en rad olika utmaningar. Samhörighet och sociala band som formas i kriminella miljöer kan fördröja processen att lämna på grund av en stark identifikation till gruppen. Stöd och insatser av samhället är viktigt för att en individ ska kunna förändra sin identitet som kriminell. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka subjektiva upplevelser av hur stigmatisering, stämplingsprocesser och stödinsatser påverkat exitprocessen i utvecklingen till en icke-kriminell identitet. Utgångspunkten för studien var en socialpsykologisk ansats som studerades genom teorier om social identitet, stigmatisering, stämpling och exitprocess. Tio respondenter från avhopparverksamheten Kriminellas revansch i samhället (KRIS) deltog i studien och intervjuades med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visade att KRIS stödinsatser har en positiv påverkan på utvecklingen av en icke-kriminell identitet genom att bidra till en känsla av stöd och acceptans. De respondenter som inte hade gjort en geografisk separation upplevde stämpling och stigma i större bemärkelse. Stämplingsprocesser och stigmatisering visade sig ha en negativ inverkan på utvecklingen till en icke-kriminell identitet under exitprocessen. Medlemskapet hos KRIS har fungerat som en skyddad miljö från stämpling och stigmatiseringen som underlättat identitetsformande i exitprocessen. / Over a short period of time, crime in Sweden has increased and become a serious and publicized social problem. It is a complex process to leave a criminal environment that can often involve a number of different challenges. Cohesion and social ties formed in criminal environments can delay the process of leaving due to a strong identification with the group. Support and efforts by society are important for an individual to be able to change his identity as a criminal. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate subjective experiences of how stigmatization, labeling processes and support efforts affected the exit process in the development to a non-criminal identity. The starting point for studies was a social psychological approach that was studied through theories of social identity, stigmatization, labeling and exit process. Ten respondents from the dropout activity Criminal Revenge in Society (KRIS) participated in studies and interviews using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that KRIS's support efforts have a positive impact on the development of a non-criminal identity by contributing to a feeling of support and acceptance. The respondents who had not made a geographical separation experienced labeling and stigma in a larger sense. Stamping processes and stigmatization were found to have a negative impact on the development to a non-criminal identity in the exit process. The membership of KRIS has functioned as a protected environment from labeling and stigmatization that facilitates identity formation in the exit process.

ABSTRACT Demographic forces in the U.S. economy can be expected to have a significant impact on the behavior of small business owners, particularly as it relates to their ownership transitions and exiting from their privately held firms (the development of “harvest” strategies). The ability of business owners to identify entity value and communicate this to the market (market signaling) could be a key determinant in maximizing sellers’ payouts at the dispositions of their businesses. Historically, payouts have been maximized through transactions with strategic buyers, who have pre-existing knowledge of the seller’s industry or market thereby permitting rapid value accretion for buyers. However, a current unprecedented level of capital available in the private equity market has created a sea of financial buyers who, despite having available capital, may not have the industry or firm specific knowledge which permits the rapid value accretion in an acquisition as it would a strategic buyer. In turn, seller payouts may be suppressed because of selling to financial buyers. The primary focus of this paper is to explore how sellers view the differences between the two types of buyers and the implications for seller payouts. More broadly, it addresses the importance of market signaling and its impact on seller payouts. / Business Administration/Entrepreneurship

Burrs are rough protrusions that form along the edge of a component during processing and are commonly produced during machining. Generally, the presence and severity of a burr directly impacts the final part quality. Thus, burrs need to be removed in subsequent processes to avoid injury when handling a part and/or negatively impacting the part's functionality. The size, shape, and nature of the attachment of the burr to the cutting edge are highly dependent on the material, tooling, and process parameters used during machining. This research aimed to develop two new approaches to minimize and/or eliminate burr formation during the drilling of ductile materials. The first new method outlined in this thesis relates to injecting materials in different forms at high pressures under the workpiece on the side from which the drilling tool exits to support the drilling thrust force and thereby minimize exit burr formation. The second method introduced a novel technique for designing and testing highly effective step drills based on the workpiece material and cutting parameters, using commercial drills. Testing the two approaches showed promising results for producing comparatively smaller exit burrs. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Today employees are changing jobs more frequently than in the past, which can result in the loss of valuable knowledge and information during employee exits. This makes sharing of information and knowledge within the organisations more important than ever before, particularly during the product development process. The problem of losing knowledge during employee exits is a critical risk facing organisations.  It is worth noting that the study was inspired by the ethnographic research approach, with the purpose of understanding the nature of the phenomenon of information sharing in the product development process of small-scale complex system products and the aim to understand its implications during employee exits. The data for this study was collected through observation and interviews.  According to the results of this study, it was found that employees within the company used a range of techniques for storing and sharing information. The most common method used for finding and sharing information was informal meetings, however it was noted that there is room for improvement in this approach due to the potential impact of limited documentation. With regards to employee exits, the study revealed mixed opinions from employees regarding the existence of a formal off-boarding process. While some stated that such a process was lacking, others reported that it is indeed present. The process of transferring information and tasks to the next person seems to depend on the individuals involved, with some developing their own methods for handing over their work.  This study highlights the importance of context, reasoning, and decision-making when it comes to storing and sharing of information during the product development process, and the impact this has on the passage of knowledge during an employee exit. The knowledge transferred during an employee exit will determine the next person’s ability to work efficiently and effectively. There are numerous challenges in taking responsibility for a part or system without a comprehensive understanding of its history and background, especially when the previous employee in that role has left. Ultimately, this study emphasises the crucial importance of retaining experienced personnel and encouraging long-term employee commitment to the organisation.

Coating onto a moving substrate several films simultaneously on top of each other is a challenging exercise. This is due to the fact, depending on operating conditions (thickness and velocity of individual layers and the physical properties of the coating fluids), flow instabilities may arise at the interfaces between the layers and on the top layer. These instabilities ruin the application of the final multi-layered coating and must be avoided. This research addresses this coating flow situation and seeks to develop guidelines to avoid these instabilities. Following a critical literature survey, this thesis presents a novel experimental method that visualises multi-layered coating flow down an inclined multi-slot die. The visualisation is obtained using a unique configuration including a high-speed camera, telecentric objective lens and illumination. The results show for a single layer, as the die angle and Reynolds number increases, the flow becomes more unstable and for a dual layer flow, as Re increases the peak to peak amplitude and the frequency decreases at the free surface and interface. The latter was unexpected and does not conform with existing literature. The triple layer results show either a monotonically increasing or increasing from first to second layer viscosity stratifications are the most stable flows along with flow heights in the first and second layers of <22% and >18% of the total thickness respectively, which concur with current literature. The visualisation additionally obtained other instabilities including single layer back-wetting and vortices, and multilayer slot invasion with the findings concurring with current literature. / EPRSC/Tata Steel Industrial CASE Studentship; EP/J501840/1

Women’s journey through and out of a criminal lifestyle is often neglected in different research about individuals living a criminal lifestyle and therefore automatically also about why and how they leave said lifestyle (Sarnecki, 2014, s. 228). This has been done not only by analysing past research in the subject but also see what pulls and, especially, pushes the women in question to this kind of lifestyle. This has been done through analysing eight separate interviews of women in different age groups where they are asked about their journey through and out of a criminal lifestyle. The result shows that three factors are crucial to exiting a life of crime, 1) a will to leave, 2) a motivation to leave, and 3) support to leave.

Despite scientific research indicating that women have unique pathways both into, and out of crime, they are still quite often an overlooked group in regards to criminal research. For society to continue supporting these women in the most optimal way, it is important to both acknowledge and dive further into the complicated factors that affect women’s processes of reformation from a criminal lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to both create an understanding of the challenges women face when wanting to put their criminal past behind them and to cement the importance of social work in this exit process. Using the exit process and gender contract as our theoretical frames we have analyzed ten semi-structured interviews with five former female criminals. The results show that motherhood is a significant factor in a woman's desistance. KRIS, a volunteer support organization, is also a crucial system in a woman’s decision to leave a criminal lifestyle. Additionally, we have found that multiple traditional expectations involved with being a woman, and a mother, are significant factors in a desire for reformation. Finally, the results indicate that engaging in activities that involve helping others is a key factor in women's journey to desistance. / Kvinnor är en ofta förbisedd målgrupp inom forskning gällande kriminalitet. Detta trots att studier pekar på att kvinnor i många fall har unika ingångar till kriminalitet och därmed följer unika vägar ut ur den. Det är viktigt att erkänna och förstå de komplexa faktorerna som påverkar deras exitprocess från brottslighet så att samhället kan hjälpa och stödja dessa kvinnor på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att skapa en förståelse för de utmaningar som kvinnor, vilka har haft kriminalitet som livsstil, kan stå inför när de vill avsluta sin kriminella livsstil och på vilket sätt det sociala arbetet har en roll i en sådan exitprocess. Vi har med hjälp av teorierna om exitprocessen och genuskontraktet analyserat material från tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem kvinnor som tidigare levt i livsstilskriminalitet. Resultatet visar att moderskap är betydelsefullt i en kvinnas avhållsamhet, likaså har den frivilliga stödorganisationen KRIS många gånger varit ett avgörande stöd. Av resultatet kan vi även utläsa att det finns föreställningar på en kvinna och än mer på mödrar som gjort att kvinnorna försökt eller helt avhållit sig från kriminalitet. Slutligen visar resultaten att kvinnorna i studien idag jobbar med att hjälpa, vilket är viktigt för deras avhållsamhet.

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