The present study examined whether perceptions of parents, peers, romantic partners and God were predictive of eating disorder symptom severity among women in treatment for eating disorders. The sample included 417 women (ages 12 to 56 years) at an inpatient treatment facility for eating disorders. Participants completed a battery of assessment measures at intake and discharge. Change scores were also computed on all measures. Measures included indices of eating disorder symptomology, parental relationships, peer relationships, romantic partner relationships, and religious well-being. Multiple regression analysis showed perceptions of peers and romantic partner to be significant predictors in all analyses; however perceptions of God failed to predict eating disorder symptom severity in all but one analysis. Differences between perceptions of mothers and fathers were also found. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to test a new theoretical model that integrates self-objectification, objectification of others, and social comparison as contributors to the development and maintenance of body image disturbance and disordered eating behavior. Within the new theoretical model, self-objectification, objectification of others, and social comparison are conceptualized as a self-perpetuating cycle, rather than as processes that occur independently of one another. Four hundred fifty-nine female college students between the ages of 18 and 32 completed measures of self-objectification, objectification of others, social comparison, body shame, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology. Structural equation modeling with nested model comparisons was used to examine the fit of the new theoretical model relative to less complex models which contain only relationships which have received previous attention in the research literature (e.g., the relationship between self-objectification and body shame). Results indicated that the new theoretical model demonstrates good fit for the data and that the fit of this model is significantly better than the original model suggested by the literature. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediational analyses also provided support for the interplay between objectification and social comparison. Implications for clinical work as well as theory and measurement will be discussed

Appearance-related commentary can be positive or negative. Such commentary has been shown to negatively affect the mental health and well-being of women in a well-documented body of research. There is limited research on this topic pertaining to males. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of appearance-related commentary in men. Results indicate that men who receive more negative commentary are more likely to experience eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, distress from commentary, and participate in compulsive exercising and appearancechange behaviors. However, men that receive positive commentary are likely to experience more positive outcomes, reporting less dissatisfaction and pathology but more appearance-change behaviors. It appears that men are affected by negative, appearance-related commentary in the same ways that women are, but that they experience positive commentary in a more direct and appropriate manner. Additionally, self-objectification, a covariate found to interact in similar relations with women, was not found to account for any of the variance between appearance-related feedback and outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to contribute to women’s healthy aging across the adult lifespan by empirically examining potential protective factors (e.g., empowerment and feminist attitudes) in maintaining positive body image, healthy eating behavior, and aging satisfaction. Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) provided a theoretical framework for understanding the connections between sexual-objectification experiences, media influences, and self-objectification, and the resulting negative psychological consequences for women in Western society. This study was the first to examine empowerment in relation to Objectification Theory. Additionally, a developmental perspective was gained by using a diverse sample of young, middle-aged, and older women in the investigation of the impact of self-objectification on aging satisfaction. Results indicated that women of all ages were just as likely to report either body image satisfaction or body image dissatisfaction after accounting for BMI. However, younger women were more likely than older women to view their bodies as objects. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed utilizing Objectification Theory as a framework for predicting body image, eating behaviors, and aging satisfaction. Empowerment and feminist attitudes were not protective factors in promoting healthy eating behavior and positive thoughts related to body image and aging. The final structural model did, however, provide support for Objectification Theory and its proposed relationships between sexual-objectification experiences and the development of self-objectification and the negative consequences of self-objectification on a variety of health-related constructs. Long-term implications include incorporating this knowledge into empirically supported prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing body image and eating disturbance and promoting healthy aging across the adult lifespan.

Bakgrund: Förekomsten av ätstörningar i samhället ökar och sjuksköterskan utgör en profession som arbetar patientnära och påverkar i hög grad utfallet av patienternas behandling. Ätstörningar är ett komplicerat tillstånd där patienterna ofta känner ambivalens gentemot sin behandling, vilket skapar ett hinder i etablerandet av en terapeutisk relation mellan patienter och sjuksköterskor. Den nära och långvariga interaktionen mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter kan potentiellt utgöra en risk för sjuksköterskornas eget psykiska välmående och därigenom också kvaliteten på vården som tillhandahålls. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av omvårdnad av patienter med ätstörningar. Metod: Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie, baserad på analysen av nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet identifierade tre huvudteman: sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av emotionella utmaningar i omvårdnaden, sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda sin kompetens i omvårdnaden och sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av relationer i omvårdnaden. Konklusion: Den mest framträdande erfarenheten bland sjuksköterskorna i omvårdnaden av patienter med ätstörningar var den betydande påverkan som kunskap hade på deras interaktion med patientgruppen. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev hur brist på kunskap påverkade dem känslomässigt i mötet med patienterna och i förlängningen även omvårdnaden som utfördes. Därav rekommenderas fortbildning samt ytterligare forskning för att främja en arbetsrelaterad hälsa hos sjuksköterskorna samt möjliggöra evidensbaserad omvårdnad. / Background: The prevalence of eating disorders is increasing in the society, and nurses constitute a profession that works closely with patients, greatly influencing the outcome of their treatment. Eating disorders are a complex condition wherein patients often harbor ambivalence towards their treatment, creating a barrier to establishing a therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse. The close and prolonged interaction between nurses and patients potentially poses a risk to nurses' own mental well-being, consequently affecting the quality of care provided. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences in caring for patients with eating disorders. Method: The method used was a general literature review, based on the analysis of nine scientific articles. Results: The results identified three main themes: nurses' emotional challenges in nursing care, the utilization of competence in nursing care and experiences of relationships in nursing care. Conclusion: The most prominent experience among nurses caring for patients with eating disorders was the significant impact of knowledge on their interaction with the patient group. Nurses described how a lack of knowledge emotionally affected them during patient encounters and, consequently, the care provided. Therefore, further education and additional research are recommended to promote work-related health among nurses and enable evidence-based nursing care.

Bakgrund: Fram tills för några år sedan var dey vanligt att svårt psykiskt sjuka kvinnor med självdestruktivt beteende (inklusive ätstörningar) skickades till rättspsykiatrin då de blev för vårdkrävande för allmänspsykiatrin. Här vårdades de tillsammans med dömda brottslingar. Många utsatte för flertalet tvångsåtgärder och dey var ofta långa vårdtider. Det är viktigt att utforska dessa upplevelser för sjuksköterskor så att medvetenheten kring dessa händelser ökas. Detta för att sjuksköterskor på bästa sätt ska kunna bemöta och vårda dessa personer med de erfarenheter de bär med sig. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas med LPT inom rättspsykiatrin för självdestruktiva beteenden.  Metod: Metoden som användes var en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys för genomförandet av en analys av narrativer. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre faser, "vårdtid", "tvångsåtgärder", och "i efterahand". Under fasen "vårdtiden" framkom att kvinnorna upplevde att personalen hade både för och nackdelar, men att miljön och upplevelsen var främst negativ. Under "tvångsåtgärder" framkom att kvinnorna upplevde ett stort obehag på både emotionella, kognitiva men också rent fysiska plan. I fasen "I efterhand" nä patienterna såg tillbaka på sin vårdtid framkom att det trots allt funnits både positiva och negativa aspekter av vården. Slutsats: Flera av kvinnorna upplevde händelserna och vårdtiden inom rättspsykiatrin som traumatiska och bär med sig en rädsla för vården. Det är därför mycket viktigt att sjuksköterskor är medvetna om hur tvångsvård kan upplevas av patientgruppen, för att kunna bemöta dem på bästa sätt i deras framtida vård.

<p dir="ltr">Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a rodent model of anorexia nervosa (AN) that induces several key components of AN, including voluntary reduction in food intake, reduced body weight, hyperactivity, and alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Experiencing ABA during adolescence also effects behavior in social contexts, including contributing to the development of social avoidance even after cessation of exposure to the paradigm and restoration of weight lost during ABA. We used the social partition (SPT), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), marble burying, and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests to determine the effects of two bouts of adolescent ABA on anxiety-like behavior in weight restored young adult female rats. One-way ANOVA analyses showed that two bouts of adolescent ABA contribute to prolonged increases in general and social avoidance in young adult female rats compared with control rats. To explain our behavioral findings, we next explored the effects of two bouts of adolescent ABA on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRFR1) expression in the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (_ovBNST), a brain region involved in anxiety and social behavior. While previous research shows that two bouts of adolescent ABA contribute to HPA axis hyperactivation and _ovBNST inflammation following weight restoration from adolescent ABA, our one-way ANOVA analyses showed no significant differences in GFAP or CRFR1 expression in the _ovBNST across groups. Finally, to explore whether adolescent AN symptoms can predict anxiety in young adult women, we had female university students complete retrospective surveys of adolescent food restriction, eating disorder symptoms (EDEQ), and physical activity, as well as retrospective surveys of worry, behavioral inhibition, childhood adversity, and parental style. Using these variables, we created four adolescent predictor models: 1 (EDEQ; physical activity), 2 (restrictive eating; physical activity), 3 (EDEQ; physical activity; worry; behavioral inhibition; childhood adversity; and parental style), and 4 (restrictive eating; physical activity; worry; behavioral inhibition; childhood adversity; and parental style), which we regressed onto participants’ current generalized anxiety, fear of food, social avoidance, obsessions, compulsions, social physique anxiety, compulsive physical activity, and perceived stress scores. Regressing each predictor model onto these variables revealed that predictor model 1 better predicted and accounted for more variance in all anxiety types compared with predictor model 2. Moreover, predictor model 1 accounted for the most variance in fear of food and social physique anxiety compared with all anxiety types. Finally, predictor models 3 and 4 explained the most additional variance in generalized anxiety and social avoidance compared with all anxiety types. Cumulatively, our data suggest that, while adolescent eating disorder signs and symptoms predict several anxiety types in female university students, the effects of two bouts of ABA during adolescence on anxiety-like behavior in weight restored female rats is limited to specific anxiety-provoking stimuli.</p>

No description available.

Studien utgår ifrån behandlingspersonal på ett SiS LVM-hem och deras beskrivningar av sitt förhållningssätt gentemot kvinnor med samsjuklighet i form av missbruk och ätstörning, samt vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som de upplever i sitt arbete i förhållande till gruppen. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med semi-strukturerade intervjuer som utförts med fem personer som arbetar som behandlingspersonal på ett SiS LVM-hem i Sverige. Den insamlade datan har framställts i en tematisk analys med fem identifierade huvudteman och 13 subteman som tolkats utifrån tolkningsramen, vilken inkluderar nationella regelverk och de teoretiska begreppen yrkeskompetens; relationskompetens och handlingskompetens samt teori om idealtypiska handlingar. Resultatet visar att det förekommer missbruk och ätstörning på LVM-hemmet och att behandlingspersonalen arbetar med det genom att förhålla sig lika till klienten oberoende dess problematik med viljan att hjälpa och anpassa strategier till problematiken, även om syftet med LVM inte är att behandla ätstörningar och det saknas förutsättningar på organisatoriskt plan. Resultatet visar även att behandlingspersonalen har fokus vid att arbeta relationsskapande för att nå klienterna och motivera dem. Studiens slutsatser är att det saknas kompetens om ätstörningar inom LVM-hemmet men att behandlingspersonalen bemöter missbruk och ätstörning genom att använda rutiner och begränsningar samt sin yrkes- och relationskompetens / The study is based on treatment workers at a SiS LVM-home and their descriptions of their approach to women with co-morbidity in the form of substance abuse and eating disorders, as well as the challenges and opportunities they experience in their work in relation to the group. The study has a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews conducted with five treatment workers from one SiS LVM-home. The collected data have been represented in a thematic analysis with five identified main themes and 13 sub-themes interpreted based on our interpretive framework which includes the following theoretical concepts of professional competence; relational competence and action competence as well as the theory of four ideal actions. The result shows that there is substance abuse and eating disorders at the LVM-home and that the treatment staff works with it by treating the client equally regardless of their problem with the desire to help and adapt strategies to the problem, even if the purpose of LVM is not to treat eating disorders and that there are no prerequisites on an organizational level. The results also show that the treatment workers have a focus on relationship-building in order to reach the clients and motivate them. The study's conclusions are that there is a lack of expertise on eating disorders within the LVM-home, but that the treatment staff deal with addiction and eating disorders by using routines and restrictions as well as using their professional and relational skills