Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCAAG_TESE.pdf: 1218484 bytes, checksum: 515ab0b05a0c78a389b8ec33b20042ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Preeclampsia is defined as an extremely serious complication of the pregnancy-puerperium cycle with delayed emergence of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome. The research aimed estimate the prevalences of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy followed five years after childbirth. This is a cross-sectional observational study using a quantitative approach, conducted at a maternity school in the city of Natal in Rio Grande do Norte state. The sample was composed of 70 women with previous preeclampsia and 75 normal selected by simple random probability sampling. Subjects were analyzed for sociodemographic, obstetric, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. International Diabetes Federation criteria were adopted to diagnose metabol ic syndrome. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Student s t, Pearson s chi-squared, and Fisher s exact tests, in addition to simple logistic regression, were used for data analysis, at a 5% significance level (p &#8804; 0.05). Statistical tests demonstrated elevated body mass index (p = 0.001), predominance of family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.022) and significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the preeclampsia group (37.1%) when compared to normal (22.7%) (p = 0.042). Intergroup comparison showed a high number of metabolic syndrome components in women with previous preeclampsia. Altered systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) was the most prevalent, followed by low concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.049), and hyperglycemia (p=0.030). There was a predominance of the metabolic syndrome in women with schooling 0-9 years (42.4%) (p = 0.005), body mass index above 30Kg.m 2 (52.3%) (p < 0.001), uric acid high (62.5%) (p = 0.050 and family history of hypertension (38.5%) (p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis of the data showed that the body mass index above 30 kg.m2, education level less than 10 years of study (p < 0.001) and family history of hypertension (p = 0.002) remained associated with the metabolic syndrome after multivariate analysis of the data. It is considered Women with previous preeclampsia exhibited high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and their individual components in relation to normal, especially, altered systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low concentrations of high-density lipoproteins and hyperglycemia. The factors associated to this ou tcome were obesity, less than 10 years of schooling, and family history of hypertension. Overall, this study identified young women with a history of PE exposed to a higher cardiovascular risk than normal / A pr?-ecl?mpsia ? uma complica??o de extrema gravidade do ciclo grav?dico puerperal e contribui com o surgimento tardio de fatores de risco cardiovascular, dentre os quais a s?ndrome metab?lica. A pesquisa objetivou estimar as preval?ncias da s?ndrome metab?lica e fatores associados em mulheres que apresentaram pr?-ecl?mpsia e gravidez normal, acompanhadas cinco anos ap?s o parto. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma maternidade escola no munic?pio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. A amostra foi constitu?da por 70 mulheres com pr?-ecl?mpsia pr?via e 75 normais selecionadas por meio do m?todo de amostragem probabil?stica aleat?ria simples, do banco de dados do grupo de pesquisa Sa?de da Mulher do Departamento de Tocoginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, das quais foram analisados os par?metros sociodemogr?ficos, obst?tricos, cl?nicos, antropom?tricos e bioqu?micos. Para diagn?stico da s?ndrome metab?lica, adotou-se o crit?rio estabelecido pela International Diabetes Federation. Quanto ? an?lise dos dados, foram aplicados testes estat?sticos de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, t de Student, Qui Quadrado de Pearson, exato de Fisher e modelo de regress?o log?stica simples com n?vel de signific?ncia estat?stica de 5% (p&#8804; 0,05). Ap?s aplica??o dos testes estat?sticos constatou-se um ?ndice de massa corp?rea elevado (p = 0,001), predom?nio de antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus (p = 0,022) e preval?ncia significativamente maior da s?ndrome metab?lica no grupo com pr?-ecl?mpsia (37,1%) em rela??o ?s normais (22,7%) (p = 0,042). Comparando os grupos, verificou-se um n?mero elevado de componentes da s?ndrome metab?lica nas mulheres com pr?-ecl?mpsia pr?via. A press?o arterial sist?lica e diast?lica alteradas (p < 0, 001) foi o mais prevalente, seguido da baixa concentra??o de lipoprote?nas de alta densidade (p = 0, 049) hiperglicemia (p = 0,030). Houve o predom?nio da s?ndrome metab?lica nas mulheres com escolaridade de 0 a 9 anos (42,4%) (p = 0,005), ?ndice de massa corp?rea acima de 30Kg.m 2 (52,3%) (p < 0,001), ?cido ?rico elevado (62,5%) (p = 0,050) e hist?rico familiar de hipertens?o arterial (38,5%) (p < 0,001). A an?lise multivariada dos dados apontou que o ?ndice de massa corp?rea acima de 30 kg.m 2 , grau de escolaridade menor que 10 anos de estudo (p < 0,001) e antecedentes familiares de hipertens?o arterial (p = 0,002) permaneceram associados ? s?ndrome metab?lica. Considera-se que as mulheres com PE pr?via apresentavam uma elevada preval?ncia da s?ndrome metab?lica e de seus componentes individuais em rela??o ?s normais, em particular, a press?o arterial sist?lica e diast?lica alteradas, os n?veis baixos da concentra??o de lipoprote?nas de alta densidade e a hiperglicemia. Os fatores independentemente associados a esse desfecho foram: obesidade, grau de escolaridade inferior a 10 anos e hist?rico familiar de hipertens?o arterial. De forma geral, este estudo identificou mulheres jovens com hist?rico de PE expostas a um risco cardiovascular mais elevado do que as normais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariadeLourdesCS.pdf: 416532 bytes, checksum: 7b06ce16706cd477da59914b569ac29d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-17 / The objective of this exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the perception of the nursing team and the pregnant women hospitalized with pre-eclampsia regarding the interactive process occurring in the care relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with twenty nursing professionals that work in the high-risk ward and ten pregnant women with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The discourses were analyzed using the content analysis method, in the modality of thematic identification. Three categories were identified that describe the perception of the interaction by the nursing professionals: recognizing the needs of the hospitalized pregnant woman, understanding the woman with pre-eclampsia, and presenting difficulties in the interactive process. With regards to the pregnant women, four categories emerged: recognizing the clinical care, feeling the lack of information, experiencing feelings during the hospitalization, and envisioning the interaction process. The meaning of the discourses was analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism. The results indicate that both, the nursing professionals and the pregnant women, have a limited perception of their interaction, suggesting a need for further reflection about this reality in the health service units and in the nursing education environment / Trata-se de um estudo explorat?rio descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como objetivo analisar a percep??o da equipe de enfermagem e das gestantes hospitalizadas, com pr?-ecl?mpsia, sobre o processo de intera??o durante a realiza??o dos cuidados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada atrav?s de entrevista semiestruturada junto a 20 profissionais de enfermagem, que atuam na enfermaria de alto risco, e 10 gestantes com diagn?stico de pr?-ecl?mpsia. As informa??es originadas dos depoimentos foram tratadas, conforme o m?todo de an?lise de conte?do, na modalidade de an?lise tem?tica. Desse processo, em rela??o aos profissionais, surgiram tr?s categorias que descrevem como estes percebem a sua intera??o com a gestante no cuidado: reconhecimento das necessidades da gestante hospitalizada, compreens?o da mulher com pr?-ecl?mpsia e apresenta??o das dificuldades no processo de intera??o. No que diz respeito ?s gestantes, emergiram tr?s categorias: percep??o das especificidades do cuidado, aus?ncia de informa??o/acolhimento/v?nculo e percep??o do processo de intera??o. O significado das falas foi interpretado ? luz dos princ?pios do Interacionismo Simb?lico. Os resultados mostraram que tanto os profissionais quanto as gestantes percebem haver uma intera??o limitada entre eles, sendo necess?rio refletir sobre esta realidade nas institui??es de sa?de e no ensino de enfermagem

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T23:07:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaIngridMacedoDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 960843 bytes, checksum: 3369f0056a2e2ab1f071631a2015066a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-04T20:48:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaIngridMacedoDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 960843 bytes, checksum: 3369f0056a2e2ab1f071631a2015066a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T20:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaIngridMacedoDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 960843 bytes, checksum: 3369f0056a2e2ab1f071631a2015066a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / A pr?-ecl?mpsia ? uma doen?a que afeta 3-8% das mulheres gr?vidas. Os fatores de risco para essa doen?a n?o s?o completamente compreendidos, mas incluem desregula??o da resposta imune oriundos de defeitos na placenta??o, fatores ambientais e gen?ticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar associa??o varia??o na quantidade de receptores de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias (IL-1R, IL-6R e TNF-?R) estariam envolvidos com a pr?-ecl?mpsia. Receptores de citocinas (IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 e IL-6R) foram avaliados em c?lulas mononucleares das gr?vidas normotensas (controle n=11) e gr?vidas com pr?-ecl?mpsia (PE, n=24). Mulheres com pr?-eclampsia tinham peso mais elevado no in?cio da gravidez (p=0.0171). Foi observado uma diminui??o de mon?citos cl?ssicos, mas n?o de mon?citos intermedi?rios e n?o-cl?ssicos na pr?-ecl?mpsia. A frequ?ncia dos receptores de citocinas proinflamat?rias IL-1R2, TNF-?R IL-6R aderidos a membrana das subpopula??es de mon?citos (cl?ssicos, intermedi?rios e n?o cl?ssicos) e linf?citos (CD3+CD4+ e CD3+CD8+) estavam diminu?das em pacientes com pr?-ecl?mpsia, quando comparados com gr?vidas normais. A redu??o na quantidade de receptores de citocinas IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 e IL-6R em mon?ciots e linf?citos pode ser um fator mantenedor do estado inflamat?rio na pr?-eclampsia. / Preeclampsia is a disease specific of human pregnancy that affects 3-8% of pregnant women, and it is one of the three leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. The disease is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. The risk factors for this disease are not completely understood but appear to include dysregulation of the immune response arising from defects in placentation, environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to determine whether the variation in the amount of proinflammatory cytokine receptors IL-1R2, IL-6R and TNF-?R1 would be involved in preeclampsia. They were recruited women with preeclampsia (n=24) and women who evolved during pregnancy without changes in blood pressure (n=12) were recruited. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. The cytokine receptors (IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 and IL-6R) were assessed in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood using flow cytometry (Control = 8; PE = 24). C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by CRP ultrasensitive method (Control = 7; PE = 18) was performed using sera pregnant women. Women with preeclampsia had higher weight at the beginning of the pregnancy (p=0.0171) and lower gestational age at delivery (0.0008). Classical monocytes were decreased in preeclampsia but not intermediate or non-classical monocytes. The frequency of IL-1R2 pro inflammatory cytokine receptors is decreased in women with PE only in the subpopulation of non-classical monocytes (p = 0.0011). TNF-?R1 receptor and IL-6R, had a decreased frequency in the three subpopulations of monocyte (classic, intermediate and non-classical) when compared to women with normal pregnancy. An increase in IL-1R2 receptor in TCD4+ lymphocytes, but a decrease in TNF-receptor and IL-6R in women with preeclampsia were found. No differences in the frequency of those receptors in CD3+/CD8+ in preeclampsia. There was no difference in C-reactive protein in preeclampsia. The reduction in the amount of IL-1R2, TNF- ?R1 and IL-6R monocytes and lymphocytes can be involved in the regulation of inflammation observed in preeclampsia, contributing to disease.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Electrochemiluminiscence, (ECL), is an electrochemically-induced process that leads to the generation of measurable luminescent signals at the electrode surface. The luminescent signals occur when electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light. Immobilization of the ECL luminophore on an electrode surface provides enhancement of ECL intensity. This work presents results of the feasibility study focused on the application of novel luminophores for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors. The thesis mainly focuses on studying the ECL of polyanilinorutheniumbipyridyl- imidazo phenanthroline and carboxydifluoroboradiazaindancence luminophores. The influence of the synthetic methods on the electrochemical, structural and photophysical properties of poly(8-anilino-lnaphthalene sulphonic acid) (P ANSA) synthesized by electropolymerization (PANSA) and chemical polymerization (PANSA) were studied. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data revealed that the electrogenerated PANSA contains species of mixed redox states; with evidence of the presence of penigraniline, emeraldine and leucoemeraldine forms of PANSA. In contrast, the CV of PANSA indicated that it is predominantly in the emeraldine form with a reduction potential at approximately + 0.2 V. The presence of emeraldine moiety in PANSA was confirmed from UV-Vis spectroscopy data. A band gap energy value of 2.5 eV was calculated for the emeraldine in PANSA from the UV data. Comparative study of the charge transfer coefficient, DCT, of the two types of PANSA indicated moderate charge propagation in PANSA (DCT = 1.68 ± 0.1 x 10-8 cm2 s-') which was order of magnitude lower than for PANSA (DCT = 1.68 ± 0.3 x 10-7 cm2 s-'). The differences in the structural properties of the two polymers were reflected in their IR spectra, with evidence of C=C and C=N stretching vibrations observed at 2030, 2158 and 2486 cm-I in PANSA, which are absent in PANSA. The mode of synthesis had a modest impact on the photophysics of the polymers, for example PANSA exhibited a luminescent lifetime of9.00 ± 0.05 ns compared with 11.5 ± 0.07 ns for PANSA. However, time resolved emission anisotropy studies gave a rotational correlation time, p, of 13.8 ± 2.47 ns for PANSA compared to 0.633 ± 0.03 ns for its chemically generated analogue. This suggests a much shorter chain length in the PANSA molecule and higher cross-linking or aggregation in PANSA that can limit incorporation of ruthenium complex on the polymer backbone. As a result, electrochemiluminescent films have been formed by electrodepositing polyaniline, PANI, films in the presence of [Ru(bpY)2PIC]2+; bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl and PIC is (2,2'-bipyridyl)-2( 4- carboxylphenyl) imidazo [4,5 ][ 1,10] phenanthroline in this work. The homogeneous charge transport diffusion coefficient, DCT, for the Ru2+/3+couple within the PANI film is 2.6 ± 0.9 x 10-10 cm2s-l. The large DCT facilitates a fast regeneration of Ru3+and, coupled to a relatively rigid microenvironment, results in a high ECL intensity in the presence oftripropylamine as co-reactant compared to [Ru(bpY)3f+. Significantly, despite the conducting nature of the polymer backbone, the [Ru(bpy)2PICH2]2+ loaded PANI has the highest efficiency, 1.00%, yet reported for a surface confined ruthenium complex. PANI-Ru complex showed to have many properties that make it an ideal luminophore for sensitive and selective analytical methods; however, it would be useful to have other ECL labels that can span a wide range of wavelengths so that simultaneous determination of several analytes in a single sample can be investigated. In this case, the photophysics, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent properties of a novel 1,3,5,7 -tetramethyl-8-[ (2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-l ,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxy ]-4,4'difluoroboradiazaindace-ne BODIPY -COOH, dye were demonstrated in this work. The photophysics studies revealed that BODIPY -COOH is highly luminescent: exhibiting sharp absorbance bands, intense emission bands and high emission quantum yield. The quantum yield proved to be solvent dependent and was determined to be 0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.04 in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (MeCN), respectively. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of BODIPYCOOH in solution was generated in the presence of either benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or hydrogen peroxide. The ECL turn-on potential in the presence of BPO was observed at potentials that are greater than - 1.5 V, and when H202 was used the ECL turn-on potential was significantly fine-tuned to less negative potential of - 0.4 V. Electrochemiluminescent thin films of BODIPY -COOH on Pt electrodes exhibited luminescence properties similar to those of the free dye in solution. However, the solution based approach ECL has its own limitations such as loss of signal due to the diffusion of the ECL reagent out of the detection zone. To overcome loss of signal effects, the introduction of cysteamine and cysteine linkers to the BODIPY dye were employed. It was seen that self-quenching was not sufficient to interfere significantly with the film ECL emission properties and thus the BODIPY thin film can be used in ECL applications. Interestingly, the BODIPY film exhibited the strongest luminescence in water and this is potentially useful in ECL application in biological media.

Global climate change concerns help shape current environmental regulations, which increasingly seek to reduce or capture CO2 emissions. Methods for capturing CO2 emissions from energy processes have been the focus of numerous studies to provide support for those seeking to reduce the environmental impact of their processes. This research has (1) simulated a baseline case of energy-storing cryogenic carbon capture for implementation on a 550 MWe coal fired power plant, (2) presented a novel cryogenic carbon capture process for removing CO2 from natural gas down to arbitrary levels, (3) presented a natural gas liquefaction process that has the ability to be highly CO2 tolerant, and (4) developed theoretical models and their experimental validation of CO2 capture predictions for all aforementioned processes.

Cette recherche porte sur la lexicologie, la lexicographie et l’enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Modélisation ontologique des savoirs lexicographiques en vue de leur application en linguistique appliquée, surnommé Lexitation, qui est, à notre connaissance, la première tentative d’extraction des savoirs lexicographiques — i.e. connaissances déclaratives et procédurales utilisées par des lexicographes — utilisant une méthode expérimentale. Le projet repose sur le constat que les savoirs lexicographiques ont un rôle crucial à jouer en lexicologie, mais aussi en enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Dans ce mémoire, nous décrirons les méthodes et les résultats de nos premières expérimentations, effectuées à l’aide du Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). Nous expliquerons l’organisation générale des expérimentations et comment les savoirs lexicographiques extraits sont modélisés pour former une ontologie. Finalement, nous discuterons des applications possibles de nos travaux en enseignement du lexique, plus particulièrement pour la formation des maîtres. / This research is about lexicology, lexicography and vocabulary teaching/learning. It is part of a project called Ontologization of lexicographic abilites for use in the fields of applied linguistics, nicknamed Lexitation, which is, to our knowledge, the first attempt at extracting lexicographic abilities using experimental techniques. The project relies on the assumption that lexicographic abilities play a role in teaching and acquisition of lexical knowledge, and not only in lexicography per se. We will describe the methods and results of our initial set of experiments, that are based on the use of so-called Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). We will explain how experiments have been set up and how we are currently proceeding with the extraction and modeling of various types of knowledge and strategies used by lexicographers while performing lexicographic tasks. Finally, we will present possible applications of our work in the field of language teaching, more specifically, teachers’ training.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-23T12:34:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIELE_SPAREMBERGER_OLIVEIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 1288404 bytes, checksum: 60ff1db869977cfce3d9f24357c12e59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-23T12:35:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIELE_SPAREMBERGER_OLIVEIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 1288404 bytes, checksum: 60ff1db869977cfce3d9f24357c12e59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T12:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIELE_SPAREMBERGER_OLIVEIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 1288404 bytes, checksum: 60ff1db869977cfce3d9f24357c12e59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a potentially harmful disease for the mother and fetus during pregnancy. It is associated with higher risk of developing a hypertensive syndrome during pregnancy and maternal cardiovascular diseases, but also with increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes such as macrosomia and fetal death. Objectives: the aim was to evaluate endothelial function in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: this case control study measured endothelial function trough brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) using ultrasound, evaluating pregnant women between twenty and thirty six weeks gestation. Sample size was calculated to detect a difference of one standard deviation in FMD (90% power and alpha 0.05) between groups. Results: The study sample consisted of thirty-six patients in each group. The clinical and demographic characteristics were similar in both groups, although the glucose status and the basal body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the group of pregnant women with diabetes. Median FMD was significantly reduced in gestational diabetes group (18.3%, IQR: 11.9-23.3%) compared to the control group (9.7%, IQR: 5.7-14.1%; p<0.001), indicating impaired endothelial function. Cohen's d was 0.90 and the effect-size r was 0.41, which is considered a large Cohen?s Standard effect. Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is associated with endothelial dysfunction. / Introdu??o: A diabetes gestacional ? uma doen?a potencialmente lesiva ? m?e e ao feto durante a gesta??o, est? associada a maior risco de desenvolvimentos de s?ndrome hipertensivas na gesta??o, aumento de doen?as cardiovasculares e desfechos adversos fetais como macrossomia e morte fetal. Objetivos: Analisar a fun??o endotelial em gesta??es com e sem diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). M?todos: Estudo caso-controle que avaliou a fun??o endotelial atrav?s da dilata??o mediada por fluxo (DMF) da art?ria braquial, aferida atrav?s de um m?todo ecogr?fico entre vinte e trinta e seis semanas de gesta??o, em pacientes com e sem DMG. A amostra foi calculada para detectar uma diferen?a de um desvio padr?o na DMF, com poder de 90%, e erro alfa de 0,05. Resultados: Foram selecionadas trinta e seis (36) pacientes em cada grupo, as caracter?sticas cl?nicas e demogr?ficas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, apenas o status da glicose e o ?ndice de massa corporal basal (IMC) foram diferentes entre eles. A mediana da DMF da art?ria braquial foi significativamente menor no grupo diabetes gestacional (18,3%, IQR: 11,9-23,3% e 9,7%, IQR: 5,7-14,1%;nos grupos-controle e GDM respectivamente, p <0,001), indicando comprometimento na fun??o endotelial. O d de ?Cohen`s? foi de 0,90 e o tamanho do efeito r foi de 0,41, considerado grande de acordo com a escalada de efeitos de Cohen. Conclus?es: Diabetes gestacional esteve associado ? disfun??o endotelial neste estudo, com a metodologia proposta.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438181.pdf: 3961885 bytes, checksum: 1a2e9a9bcf3838013c6755da613f5eb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / INTRODUCTION : Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity that presents with headache, altered mental status, seizure and visual disturbance and is associated with a reversible probably vasogenic edema, predominantly in occipital and parietal lobes. The precise physiopathology remains unclear and there isn t an experimental model of this disorder. OBJECTIVES : The objectives of this paper were (1) the clinical and radiological evaluation of patients with PRES in the Hospital S?o Lucas-PUCRS and (2) the development of a translational model based on clinical features that mimetize this syndrome in pregnants Wistar rats. METHODS : It was performed a review of clinical data, neuroimage and blood basic test of 25 patients with PRES, that were followed in Hospital S?o Lucas-PUCRS in the period from March 15 of 2007 to September 15 of 2011. Based on clinical features and neuroimagem findings, we developed a rat model of PRES using pregnant Wistar rats, which were submitted to a reduction of uterine pressure perfusion (RUPP), measurement of arterial blood pressure with an invasive catheter and a brain anatomo-pathologic study, after Evans s blue venous infusion to verify the permeability of the blood-brain-barrier. RESULTS : Our clinical sample consisted of 25 patients (4 men and 21 women) with mean age of 27,84 years old (range from 2 to 74 years old). The most common causes of PRES reported in this series were associated with pregnant situations that occurred in 11 cases (44%). The symptom more commonly reported was headache in 18 patients (72%). The occipital lobe was the most common topography of the magnetic ressonance abnormality (edema) and occurred in 23 cases (92%). The highest value of the systolic blood pressure presented the mean of 176 mmHg and the highest value of the diastolic blood pressure presented the mean of 95,2 mmHg. Animals submitted to RUPP to simulate the PRES presented increase of the blood-brain-barrier permeability and elevation of blood pressure, when compared with the control animals. CONCLUSION : In our series, PRES occurred predominantly in women and the most frequent triggers were obstetric causes; headache was the most common symptom and the neuroimage findings showed a predominance of posterior alteration suggesting a vasogenic edema due a breakdown of blood brain barrier. The experimental rat model was developed based on these clinical observations, so, we used pregnant rats submitted to reduction of uterine pressure perfusion. We identified in these animals increase of blood pressure and a breakdown of blood brain barrier corroborating to establish an experimental model of PRES. We believe that an experimental model of PRES could be important for future studies allowing a better comprehension of this syndrome. / INTRODU??O : A S?ndrome Encefalopatia Revers?vel Posterior (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome PRES) ? uma entidade clinico-radiol?gica caracterizada por cefal?ia, altera??o do n?vel de consci?ncia, crises convulsivas e altera??o visual e est? associado a um edema provavelmente vasog?nico na subst?ncia branca encef?lica, predominantemente afetando os lobos occipitais e parietais. A fisiopatogenia do PRES permanece desconhecida e n?o existe um modelo experimental de tal dist?rbio. OBJETIVOS : O objetivo desse trabalho ? avaliar apresenta??o cl?nica juntamente com os exames de neuroimagem realizados por pacientes com S?ndrome da Encefalopatia Revers?vel Posterior no Hospital S?o Lucas-PUCRS e baseado nos achados cl?nicos desenvolver um modelo translacional que mimetize essa s?ndrome em ratos Wistar. M?TODOS : Foram revisados os prontu?rio juntamente com os exames de neuroimagem e laboratoriais de 25 pacientes portadores da s?ndrome da encefalopatia revers?vel posterior, os quais foram atendidos no Hospital S?o Lucas-PUCRS no per?odo de 15 de mar?o de 2007 ? 15 de setembro de 2011. A partir das caracter?sticas cl?nicas e de neuroimagem analisadas nesta pesquisa desenvolvemos modelo experimental de PRES com o uso de ratas Wistar gestantes, as quais foram submetidas ? redu??o da press?o de perfus?o uterina (RUPP do ingl?s Reduction of Uterine Pressure Perfusion), medida de press?o arterial invasiva e estudo anatomopatol?gico dos enc?falos dos animais, ap?s infus?o venosa de azul de Evans para avalia??o da permeabilidade da barreira hemato-encef?lica. RESULTADOS : Dos 25 pacientes com PRES analisados com idade m?dia de 27,84 anos (variando de 2 anos a 74 anos), 4 eram homens e 21 mulheres. As causas e/ou desencadeadores mais comumente encontrados foram de origem obst?tricas em 11 casos (44%). O sintoma mais freq?entemente referido foi cefal?ia em 18 pacientes (72%). A topografia mais comumente acometida pelo edema gerado pelo PRES foi occipital em 23 pacientes (92%). O valor da press?o arterial sist?lica m?xima em m?dia foi de 176 mmHg e a press?o arterial diast?lica m?xima em m?dia foi de 95,2 mmHg. Os animais submetidos ao modelo experimental proposto atrav?s do procedimento RUPP para mimetizar o PRES apresentaram altera??es de permeabilidade da barreira hematoencef?lica e eleva??o da press?o arterial quando comparado aos animais controles. CONCLUS?O : Na nossa casu?stica o PRES foi nitidamente predominante em mulheres, os fatores desencadeantes/causais mais frequentes foram os de origem obst?trica, predominando a cefaleia como sintoma; os exames de neuro-imagem confirmaram o predom?nio posterior das altera??es estruturais e sugerem serem decorrentes de edema vasog?nico com quebra da barreira hematoencef?lica. O modelo experimental em ratos Wistar foi desenvolvido baseado nestas observa??es cl?nicas motivo pelo qual utilizamos ratas gestante submetidas a redu??o da press?o de perfus?o uterina. Identificamos nestes animais a quebra da barreira hematoencef?lica corroborando para o estabelecimento do modelo experimental do PRES, o qual pensamos que possa ser de fundamental import?ncia para estudos posteriores que permitam uma melhor compreens?o desta s?ndrome.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 449039.pdf: 2035926 bytes, checksum: 76ba03094b12ab30e63451e8308ea5c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Objectives: to evaluate the association between brachial artery Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) and preeclampsia morbidity. Methods: Sixty-four pregnant women at the diagnosis of preeclampsia were selected. FMD and routine preeclampsia markers were assessed at enrollment and followed until delivery. Women were grouped and compared according to their outcomes (26 developed complications and 38 did not). Results: Median FMD is impaired in women with complicated preeclampsia (7.44%; IQR 2.20-13.34%) compared to those without complications (11.80%; IQR 5.36-16.66%) (p=0,03). The cutoff value of FMD &#8804;4.5% was associated with approximately four-fold odds increment of any complication (OR 3.79; IC95% 1.23-11.70), similar to the protein to creatinine ratio >2,0 (OR 4.50; IC95% 1.21-16.74). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not associated with risk for complication and uric acid had a borderline significance (OR 3.38; IC95% 0,98-11,72). Moreover, when major complications (eclampsia, HELLP syndrome or stillbirth) were selected as a composite outcome FMD was even lower (2.84%; IQR 0.00 7.22%) and FMD &#8804;4.5% was associated with a marked 15 fold increased risk for these specific events (OR 15.55; IC95% 3.55-68.16). Although FMD seems to have a weak accuracy to predict any preeclampsia complications (AUC=0.66; IC95% 0.52-0.79), ROC curve analysis showed that it may be a prognostic marker for major complications (AUC=0.84; IC95% 0.73-0.96). Conclusion: FMD is associated with morbidity of preeclampsia, markedly in women with eclampsia, HELLP syndrome or stillbirth. FMD at preeclampsia diagnostic moment may be used as a prognostic marker of these poor outcomes. / Objetivos: avaliar a associa??o entre a Dilata??o Mediada por Fluxo (DMF) da art?ria braquial e morbidade por pr?-ecl?mpsia. M?todos: Foram selecionados sessenta e quatro gr?vidas com pr?-ecl?mpsia. A DMF e marcadores de pr?-ecl?mpsia foram avaliados no no momento do diagn?stico da doen?a a as pacientes foram seguidas at? o parto. As mulheres foram agrupados e comparadas de acordo com os seus desfechos (26 com complica??es e 38 sem complica??o). Resultados: A DMF est? comprometida em mulheres com pr?-ecl?mpsia complicada (7,44%; IQR 2,20-13,34%) comparada com aqueles sem complica??es (11,80%; IQR 5,36- 16,66%) (p = 0,03). O valor de corte de DMF &#8804; 4,5% foi associada com aproximadamente quatro vezes mais risco de qualquer complica??o (OR 3,79 IC95% 1,23-11,70), semelhante ? rela??o prote?na/creatinina > 2,0 (OR 4,50 IC95% 1,21-16,74). Press?o arterial sist?lica e diast?lica n?o foram associados com risco de complica??o e o ?cido ?rico teve uma signific?ncia lim?trofe (OR 3,38, IC95% 0,98-11,72). Al?m disso, quando as principais complica??es (ecl?mpsia, s?ndrome HELLP ou morte fetal) foram selecionadas como um desfecho composto a DMF foi ainda mais baixa (2,84%; IQR 0,00-7,22%) e o valor da DMF &#8804; 4,5% foi associado com um acentuado aumento de 15 vezes no risco destes eventos espec?fico (OR 15,55; IC95% 3,55-68,16). Embora a DMF tenha pouca capacidade de predi??o de quaisquer complica??es pela pr?-ecl?mpsia (AUC = 0,66, IC95% 0,52-0,79), an?lise da curva ROC mostrou que pode ser um bom marcador de progn?stico para complica??es graves (AUC = 0,84, IC95% 0,73-0,96). Conclus?o: a DMF est? associada com morbidade da pr?-ecl?mpsia, notadamente em mulheres com ecl?mpsia, s?ndrome HELLP ou morte fetal. DMF no momento do diagn?stico da pr?-ecl?mpsia pode ser usado como marcador progn?stico destes desfechos desfavor?veis.

Cette recherche porte sur la lexicologie, la lexicographie et l’enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Modélisation ontologique des savoirs lexicographiques en vue de leur application en linguistique appliquée, surnommé Lexitation, qui est, à notre connaissance, la première tentative d’extraction des savoirs lexicographiques — i.e. connaissances déclaratives et procédurales utilisées par des lexicographes — utilisant une méthode expérimentale. Le projet repose sur le constat que les savoirs lexicographiques ont un rôle crucial à jouer en lexicologie, mais aussi en enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Dans ce mémoire, nous décrirons les méthodes et les résultats de nos premières expérimentations, effectuées à l’aide du Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). Nous expliquerons l’organisation générale des expérimentations et comment les savoirs lexicographiques extraits sont modélisés pour former une ontologie. Finalement, nous discuterons des applications possibles de nos travaux en enseignement du lexique, plus particulièrement pour la formation des maîtres. / This research is about lexicology, lexicography and vocabulary teaching/learning. It is part of a project called Ontologization of lexicographic abilites for use in the fields of applied linguistics, nicknamed Lexitation, which is, to our knowledge, the first attempt at extracting lexicographic abilities using experimental techniques. The project relies on the assumption that lexicographic abilities play a role in teaching and acquisition of lexical knowledge, and not only in lexicography per se. We will describe the methods and results of our initial set of experiments, that are based on the use of so-called Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). We will explain how experiments have been set up and how we are currently proceeding with the extraction and modeling of various types of knowledge and strategies used by lexicographers while performing lexicographic tasks. Finally, we will present possible applications of our work in the field of language teaching, more specifically, teachers’ training.