Cette recherche porte sur la lexicologie, la lexicographie et l’enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Modélisation ontologique des savoirs lexicographiques en vue de leur application en linguistique appliquée, surnommé Lexitation, qui est, à notre connaissance, la première tentative d’extraction des savoirs lexicographiques — i.e. connaissances déclaratives et procédurales utilisées par des lexicographes — utilisant une méthode expérimentale. Le projet repose sur le constat que les savoirs lexicographiques ont un rôle crucial à jouer en lexicologie, mais aussi en enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. Dans ce mémoire, nous décrirons les méthodes et les résultats de nos premières expérimentations, effectuées à l’aide du Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). Nous expliquerons l’organisation générale des expérimentations et comment les savoirs lexicographiques extraits sont modélisés pour former une ontologie. Finalement, nous discuterons des applications possibles de nos travaux en enseignement du lexique, plus particulièrement pour la formation des maîtres. / This research is about lexicology, lexicography and vocabulary teaching/learning. It is part of a project called Ontologization of lexicographic abilites for use in the fields of applied linguistics, nicknamed Lexitation, which is, to our knowledge, the first attempt at extracting lexicographic abilities using experimental techniques. The project relies on the assumption that lexicographic abilities play a role in teaching and acquisition of lexical knowledge, and not only in lexicography per se. We will describe the methods and results of our initial set of experiments, that are based on the use of so-called Think Aloud Protocol (Ericsson et Simon, 1993). We will explain how experiments have been set up and how we are currently proceeding with the extraction and modeling of various types of knowledge and strategies used by lexicographers while performing lexicographic tasks. Finally, we will present possible applications of our work in the field of language teaching, more specifically, teachers’ training.

Cette thèse présente le travail effectué sur la conception d'un synthétiseur de fréquence entièrement numérique appelé Synthétiseur Digital Direct (DDS), dans la gamme micro-ondes, et en technologie BiCMOS SiGe. Ce DDS a pour objectif de se substituer aux synthèses de fréquences indirectes notamment basées sur des boucles à verrouillage de phase (PLL). Jusqu'à présent, le coût, la consommation, la surface d'intégration et la gamme de fréquences synthétisables des DDS étaient des facteurs limitants pour les applications du domaine micro-onde. Nous présentons dans cette thèse des techniques de conception en numérique hyperfréquence (logique ECL multi-niveaux, convertisseur numérique/analogique non-linéaire, ...) qui nous ont permis de repousser les limites évoquées et de concevoir les blocs élémentaires ainsi que le DDS complet, intégrés dans une technologie faible coût silicium et fonctionnant à haute fréquence tout en ayant une consommation réduite. Ainsi, la fréquence de fonctionnement du système final est de 6 GHz, sa résolution interne de 9-bits et sa consommation de seulement 308 mW. Ce travail démontre ainsi la faisabilité de DDS fonctionnant dans la gamme micro-onde compatibles avec les applications multimédias et télécommunications sans fil récentes (faible coût, agilité en fréquence, faible consommation, versatilité, ...).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaVA.pdf: 1427681 bytes, checksum: e66db68808f98ba61f57f5ced2530772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions of pregnant women, mothers and health professional about preeclampsia and the relation between professional and patient. A qualitative approach was chosen, together with semi-structured interviews, participative observation and Test of Free Association of Words (TFAW). The data were collected in February and June 2007 at Maternidade-Escola Janu?rio Cicco (MEJC), Natal, RN, Brazil with 61 pregnant women and 87 professionals, 20 of each group were interviewed. An interpretative and understanding perspective was used similar to that of Gadamer s hermeneutics and with the construction of themes and empirical categories. The pregnant women showed fear preeclampsia and its consequences, and to know very little about the subject and also a desire to know more. The changes that occurred with the illness were more related to the emotional order than to the healthy lifestyle they have adopted. Some lack of preparation of the basic units was observed, in order to meet and guide the pregnant women to the reference unit. Professionals knew the customers characteristics, about their fear and about their little knowledge on this illness. Nevertheless, they did not include them in the treatment. It was observed the absence of conversation over the illness between professionals and patients and also the inability of the former to deal with emotional issues. A new way of looking into the preeclampsia assistance is necessary. A way that focuses on the collective construction of intervention and approach strategies; one which includes subjective aspects in an hermeneutic perspective of health / O presente estudo objetivou compreender as percep??es de gestantes e profissionais de sa?de sobre a pr?-ecl?mpsia e a rela??o entre profissional e paciente. Optou-se por abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observa??o participante e Teste de Associa??o Livre de Palavras (TALP). Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e junho de 2007, na Maternidade-Escola Janu?rio Cicco (MEJC), Natal-RN, com 61 gestantes e 87 profissionais, dos quais 20 de cada grupo participaram das entrevistas. Utilizou-se uma perspectiva interpretativa e compreensiva aproximada ? hermen?utica de Gadamer, com a constru??o de temas e categorias emp?ricas. As gestantes revelaram medo da pr?-ecl?mpsia e suas conseq??ncias e mostraram que sabiam pouco a respeito do tema e que gostariam de saber mais. As mudan?as ocorridas, decorrentes, da doen?a foram mais de ordem emocional, do que relacionada ? ado??o de estilo de vida saud?vel. Observou-se despreparo das unidades b?sicas em atender e encaminhar as gestantes com pr?-ecl?mpsia para unidade de refer?ncia. Os profissionais conheciam caracter?sticas da clientela, sabiam do medo que sentiam e do pouco conhecimento sobre a doen?a, por?m n?o as envolviam no tratamento. Na rela??o entre profissional e paciente observou-se aus?ncia de di?logo sobre a doen?a e inabilidade, por parte dos primeiros em lidar com quest?es emocionais. H? necessidade de um novo olhar para a assist?ncia ? pr?-ecl?mpsia priorizando a constru??o coletiva de estrat?gias de abordagem e interven??o que inclua aspectos subjetivos, numa perspectiva hermen?utica da sa?de

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLCS_TESE.pdf: 740512 bytes, checksum: d109f443eb2da08401d2bbd676359e7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27 / The aim of the present study was to analyze cardiovascular risk of women with a history of preeclampsia, as well as its follow-upin the National Health System.This is a cross-sectional quantitative research conducted at the Janu?rio Cicco Maternity School. The study population was composed of 573 women selected from a databank belonging to the Women s Health Research Group of the Gynecology Department at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, with a history of preeclampsia, and normotensives who gave birth at this institution five years before. The final sample consisted of 147 women, 64 in the group with a history of PE and 83 normotensives. Data were collected on a questionnaire containing the following: sociodemographic aspects, anthropometric measures, life habits, personal and family history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, family history of cardiovascular diseases and frequency of measuring current blood pressure levels. In relation to the association between cardiovascular risk and altered blood pressure (&#8805;130x85 mmHg), the likelihood of exhibiting the latter condition was significantly higher in women with a history of preeclampsia (CI 95% 4.12-38.92), the overweight and obese (CI 95% 1.70-20.75), and in those with a family historyof CVD and personal history of PIH (CI 95% 0.78-47.07 and CI 95% 3.20-25.39) respectively. Likewise, the probability of having altered blood pressure was higher in women with fasting glycemia &#8805;100mg/dL (CI 95% 2.09-24.73), as well as in those with triglycerides &#8805;150mg/dl (CI 95% 1.72-9.66). After fitting the logistic model, diagnosis previous preeclampsia and altered triglycerides remained as explanatory variables.The women with a history of preeclampsia five years before exhibited altered blood pressure levels, clinical and laboratory manifestations suggestive of elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, as well as family and personal history of hypertension. There is no differential treatment or adequate outpatient follow-up for this population in basic health care units / O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o risco cardiovascular atual em mulheres com hist?rico de pr?-ecl?mpsia havia cinco anos e oseu seguimento no Sistema ?nico de Sa?de. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa do tipo transversal, realizada na Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco. Avaliaram-se 147 mulheres, sendo 64 com hist?rico de pr?-eclampsia, comparadasa 83 com gesta??o normal. A pesquisa foi realizada atrav?s de busca ativa com coleta de sangue para mensura??o bioqu?mica de marcadores cardiovasculares e verifica??o da press?o arterial. Averiguaram-se aspectos sociodemogr?ficos, medidas antropom?tricas, h?bitos de vida, antecedentes pessoais e familiares para hipertens?o na gesta??o e antecedentes familiares de doen?a cardiovascular. Utilizou-se pacote estat?stico para as an?lises considerando n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade do Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. No que se refere ? associa??o entre condi??es de risco cardiovascular e presen?a de n?veis press?ricos alterados (&#8805;130x85 mmHg), observa-se que a chance de ter press?o arterial alterada foi significativamente maior nas mulheres com hist?rico de pr?-ecl?mpsia (P< 0,001), nas com sobrepeso e obesas (P= 0,002), e ainda entre as com antecedente familiar de doen?a cardiovascular (P= 0,039) e com antecedente pessoal de doen?a hipertensiva da gesta??o (P< 0,001). Da mesma forma, a chance de ter press?o arterial alterada foi maior nas mulheres com glicemia de jejum &#8805;100mg/dL (P= 0,002), bem como nas com triglicer?deos &#8805;150mg/dl (P= 0,001). Conclui-se que as mulheres com hist?rico de pr?-ecl?mpsia havia cinco anos apresentavam atualmente manifesta??es sugestivas de risco elevado para doen?a cardiovascular, antecedentes familiares e pessoais de hipertens?o, bem como n?o h? atualmente atendimento diferenciado, nem seguimentoambulatorial adequado nas redes de aten??o prim?ria para essa popula??o

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-26T15:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EricoDeLimaVale_DISSERT.pdf: 1912656 bytes, checksum: d9fad5e12618fef8d0405ac649e8f9df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-26T15:45:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EricoDeLimaVale_DISSERT.pdf: 1912656 bytes, checksum: d9fad5e12618fef8d0405ac649e8f9df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T15:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricoDeLimaVale_DISSERT.pdf: 1912656 bytes, checksum: d9fad5e12618fef8d0405ac649e8f9df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Objetivos: Realizar um ciclo de melhoria da qualidade em uma unidade de terapia intensiva materna (UTIM) e avaliar seu impacto na assist?ncia multiprofissional ?s pacientes com doen?as hipertensivas gestacionais (DHG). M?todos: Foi realizado um ciclo de melhoria de maio a julho de 2015; os per?odos pr? e p?s interven??o foram de janeiro a abril e de agosto a outubro do mesmo ano, respectivamente. Os crit?rios definidos para avalia??o foram: (1) solicita??o de exames laboratoriais quando da admiss?o na UTIM; (2) solicita??o de ultrassom obst?trico quando da admiss?o na UTIM; (3) controle de picos press?rico com uso de Hidralazina intravenosa;(4) uso de anti-hipertensivos orais para controle press?rico; (5) uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina (IECA) ou Bloqueadores do Receptor da Angiotensina (BRA); (6) restri??o h?drica intravenosa; (7) indica??o do corticoide Betametasona em pacientes com idade gestacional menor que 35 semanas; (8) uso do sulfato de magn?sio (MgSO4) e (9) manuten??o do MgSO4 no p?s parto. Todas as mulheres admitidas na UTIM com diagn?stico de DHG nos per?odos pr? e p?s interven??o foram eleg?veis para o estudo. Foram analisadas as admiss?es antes (50) e ap?s (50) a realiza??o do ciclo de melhoria da qualidade. O desfecho avaliado foi a taxa de adequa??o total e individual das recomenda??es baseadas em evid?ncias nas pacientes com DHG. Em cada avalia??o foram calculados os intervalos de confian?a de 95% para as estimativas de conformidade, suas diferen?as absoluta e relativa e o valor Z (uma cauda), sendo considerado significativo valor de p <0,05. Resultados: Houve aumento da taxa total de adequa??o dos crit?rios (p1=88+3%, p2=92+1%; p=0,018) e solicita??o de ultrassom fetal (p1=72+10%, p2=88+4%; p=0,023), e redu??o no uso de anti-hipertensivos orais (p1=100%, p2=94+3%; p=0,039), n?o houve altera??es significativas nos demais crit?rios. Conclus?o: A realiza??o de um ciclo de melhoria est? associado a um aumento na taxa de ades?o as recomenda??es baseadas em evid?ncia para o tratamento de pacientes com DHG. / Objectives: To conduct a quality improvement cycle in a maternal intensive care unit (MICU) and assess their impact on multidisciplinary care for patients with gestational hypertensive disease (GHD). Methods: An improvement cycle was conducted from May to July 2015; pre and post intervention were from January to April and from August to October of that year, respectively. The criteria for evaluation were: (1) request for laboratory tests at admission in MICU; (2) obstetrical ultrasound request when admission to the MICU; (3) control of pressure peaks with the use of intravenous hydralazine; (4) use of oral antihypertensive drugs for blood pressure control; (5) use of inhibitors of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs); (6) intravenous fluid restriction; (7) indication of betamethasone steroids in patients with gestational age less than 35 weeks; (8) use of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and (9) MgSO4 maintenance postpartum. All women admitted in MICU diagnosed with GHD pre and post intervention were eligible for the study. The implementation of the recommendations was investigated before (n = 50) and after (n = 50) the implementation of the quality improvement cycle. The primary outcome was the rate of overall and individual adherence to evidence-based recommendations in patients with GHD. In each evaluation were calculated 95% confidence intervals for the estimates of compliance, their absolute and relative differences and the Z value (one tail), being considered significant an p <0.05. Results: There was increase in total adherence ratio (p1 = 88 + 3%, p2 = 92 + 1%; p = 0.018) and individual fetal ultrasound request (p1 = 72 + 10%, p2 = 88 + 4%; p = 0.023), and a reduced use of oral anti-hypertensives (p1 = 100%, p2 = 94 + 3%; p = 0.039), there were no significant changes in other criteria. Conclusion: The completion of a quality improvement cycle was associated with an increase in the adhesion rate of the evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of patients with GHD.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Electrochemiluminescence (EeL) is applied for industrial applications that have considerable potential, such as clinical diagnostic, analytical chemistry, and light-emitting devices, due to selectivity, sensitivity for detection and quantification of molecules through generation of fluorescence light when electric current is applied on the materials. In EeL the electrochemical reaction allows for precise control over the time and position of the light emitting reaction. The control over time allows one to synchronise the luminescence and the biochemical reaction under study and control over position not only improves sensitivity of the instrument by increasing the signal to noise ratio, but also allows multiple analytical reactions in the same sample to be analyzed using an electrode array. The EeL generation fluorescent materials are based on inorganic semiconductor materials for light-emitting devices. Further progress in this EeL field mainly depends on discovery of new advanced materials, interfacial films and nanoparticle coatings, advances in microfluidics leading to total increase in EeL properties. There has been extensive use of polymers for enhancement of EeL properties. Electrochemiluminescent conjugated polymers constitute a new class of fluorescent polymers that emit light when excited by the flow of an electric current. These new generation fluorescent materials may now challenge the domination by inorganic semiconductor materials for the commercial market of light-emitting devices such as lightemitting diodes and polymer laser devices (PLDs).

Det finns många biotekniska analys- och detekteringsmetoder. Metoderna används för identifiering och kvantifiering av biomarkörer. Denna studie har analyserat detekteringsmetoder i de fall där två hjärtspecifika biomarkörer används, troponin och kreatinkinas. Studien avsåg att först identifiera tillämpningsfrekvensen av detekteringsmetoder i Sverige samt internationellt. Vidare identifieras sambandet mellan avgörande parametrar i val av detekteringsmetod. Metoden gick ut på att först bestämma den mest frekventa detekteringsmetoden i Sverige med hjälp av en enkät som skickades till olika laboratorier, sedan studerades tidigare studier publicerade på olika internationella databaser. Studierna som tillämpades var på hjärtspecifika troponin och kreatinkinas för att identifiera val av detekteringsmetod, detekteringskaraktäristika och användarvänlighetsparametrar. Studiens resultat visade att nationellt finns det tre detekteringsmetoder som är de mest använda för identifiering av kreatinkinas: masspektrometri, elektrokemisk luminescence och spektrometri. Internationellt är den dominerande metoden däremot elektrokemisk luminescence. För troponin är den dominerande metoden nationellt: elektrokemisk luminescence och flödescytometri, medan internationellt: elektrokemisk luminescence. Elektrokemisk luminescence är i många fall en stark vinnare i tillämpningen. Ytterligare iakttogs korrelationskoefficienter mellan parametern för att identifiera det starkaste respektive svagaste sambandet. Avgörande parametrar i val av elektrokemisk luminescence, visar på flera samband. Elektrokemisk luminescence och kreatinkinas tilldelas en korrelationskoefficient nära ett för parametrar som volym och känslighet och en korrelationskoefficient nära minus ett för linjärt mätområde och volym, samt kostnad och minimummängd. Medan för troponin och elektrokemisk luminescence erhålls en korrelationskoefficient nära ett för parametrar som känslighet och kostnad och en koefficient nära minus ett för kostnad och tid. / There are many biotechnological analysis- and detection methods. The methods are used for identification and quantification of biomarkers. This study has analyzed detection methods incases where two heart-specific biomarkers are used, troponin and creatine kinase. The study was intended to first identify the application frequency of detection methods in Sweden and internationally. Then identify the relationship between crucial parameters in the choice of detection method. The method consisted of first determining the most frequent detection method in Sweden with the help of a questionnaire that was sent to different laboratories, then previous studies published on various international databases were observed. The studies applied were on topics regarding cardiac-specific troponin and creatine kinase to identify choice of detection method, detection characteristics, and ease of use parameters. The results of the study showed that nationally, the detection methods most used for creatine kinase are mass spectrometry, electrochemical luminescence, and spectrometry. Internationally, however, the dominant method is electrochemical luminescence. For troponin, on a national level the dominant methods are electrochemical luminescence and flow cytometry, while internationally: electrochemical luminescence. Electrochemical luminescence is in many cases a strong winner in application. In addition, correlation coefficients are observed between the decisive parameters for a detection method, to identify the strongest and weakest relationships. Electrochemical luminescence and creatine kinase are assigned a correlation coefficient close to one for parameters such as volume and sensitivity and a correlation coefficient when minus one for measurement range and volume, as well as cost and minimum amount. While for troponin and electrochemical luminescence, a correlation coefficient close to one is obtained for parameters such as sensitivity and cost and a coefficient close to minus one for cost and time.

Mit Lösungen von 9,10-Diphenylanthracen und N(C2H5)4ClO4 oder N(C4H9)4ClO4 als Leitsalz im Lösungsmittel Acetonitril wurden Elektrochemilumineszenz (ECL)-Experimente durchgeführt. Dazu wurden die Elektroden mit Folgen von jeweils drei in bestimmten zeitlichen Abständen aufeinander folgenden Potentialsprüngen polarisiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass bei entsprechender Wahl der Potentiale und der Haltezeiten anodische und kathodische ECL-Emissionen gleicher Intensität erzeugt werden können. Sodann wurde ECL in den Derivaten von Poly(p-phenylen-vinylen), MEH-PPV und DB-PPV erzeugt. Diese leitfähigen Polymere wurden als dünne Schichten auf Platin-Elektroden aufgebracht und wie bei ECL aus der Lösungsphase in Acetonitril-Elektrolyten mit Tetralkylammonium-Leitsalzen Potentialsprüngen unterworfen. Bei geeigneter Einstellung der Potentialsprünge und Haltezeiten konnten anodische und kathodische ECL gleicher Intensität erhalten werden. Dies ist das erste Mal, dass symmetrische ECL mit polymerbeschichteten Elektroden erhalten wurde. Die Kinetik der ECL weicht deutlich von der aus der Lösungsphase ab. Der ECL-Prozess verläuft langsamer als in der Lösungsphase, und der Leitelektrolyt hat einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das elektrochemische Verhalten der Polymerschicht. Die Ursachen dafür wurden über Modellrechnungen analysiert, mit denen die Ladungstransportprozesse in der Polymerschicht simuliert wurden. In derartigen Simulationsrechnungen konnten die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der ECL-Reaktion sowohl im Polymer als auch in der Lösung bestimmt werden. Um die Stabilität der Polymerschichten zu erhöhen, wurde versucht, die Polymerketten mit Synchrotronstrahlung zu vernetzen. Diese Experimente brachten nicht das erwartete Ergebnis. Die Ursachen dafür werden auf der Grundlage von Ex-Situ-Raman-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen diskutiert. / Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been generated in solution phase using 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) with TEAClO4 (or TBAClO4) in acetonitrile solvent. Triple potential step was used for the generation of ECL. It was found that anodic and cathodic ECL of equal intensities can be generated by proper choice of potential step magnitude, width and the waiting period (tw) between successive triple potential steps. ECL was then generated in conducting polymers poly(2-ethylhexyloxy-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and poly(2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (DB-PPV) by coating them on Pt electrodes and subjecting to potential steps in tetraalkylammonium salt solutions with acetonitrile. Similar to the case of solution phase ECL, symmetrical anodic and cathodic ECL could be observed by the appropriate choice of the potential step parameters. But the kinetics of the ECL was found to be different from that of the solution phase ECL. The time scale of the ECL process was found to be longer than that in the solution phase ECL. The nature of supporting electrolyte had a remarkable impact on the electrochemistry of conducting polymers. The reasons were analyzed by theoretical calculations evoking the concept of charge transport characteristics of conducting polymers. The rate constants of the ECL process were calculated by separate simulation procedure in the solution phase as well as in the polymer phase ECL. To enhance the stability of conducting polymers, synchrotron radiation induced cross-linking was performed. The effects were different from expected which were analyzed and rationalized by ex-situ Raman spectroscopic studies.

No description available.

En tant que syntagmes sémantiquement non-compositionnels, les locutions sont des unités lexicales à part entière, qui doivent avoir leur propre entrée dans un modèle du lexique. Elles doivent donc recevoir une définition lexicographique, ainsi qu’une description de leurscaractéristiques grammaticales. De plus, en vertu de leur signifiant syntagmatique, les locutionstémoignent – à des degrés divers – d’une flexibilité formelle (passivation, insertion de modificateurs, substitution de certains constituants, etc.).Notre thèse défend l’idée selon laquelle une description des locutions combinant à la fois l’identification des unités lexicales qui les composent et l’identification des relations de dépendance syntaxique qui unissent les unités constituantes, permettra de prédire leurs différents emplois possibles dans la phrase. Une telle description n’est possible que dans un modèle du lexique décrivant précisément la combinatoire des lexies. Notre recherche, basée sur les principes de la Lexicologie Explicative et Combinatoire, exploite et enrichit les données du Réseau Lexical du Français (RL-fr), ressource en cours de développement à l’ATILF.La thèse a deux principaux apports. Le premier est le développement d’un modèle de description lexico-syntaxique relativement fine des locutions du français. Le second est l’identification et l’étude de différentes variations structurales, syntaxiques et lexicales liées à la flexibilité formelle des locutions. Les variations des locutions sont mises en corrélation avec leurs structures lexico-syntaxiques, mais également avec leurs définitions lexicographiques. Ceci nous conduit à introduire la notion de projection structurale, centrale dans le continuum de la flexibilité formelle des locutions / As semantically non-compositional phrases, idioms are lexical units. Consequently, they must have their own entries in a lexical resource, with a lexicographic definition and grammatical characteristics. Furthermore, because of their phrasal signifier, idioms show – to varying degrees – a formal flexibility (passivization, attachment of modifiers, substitution of components,etc.)Our thesis defends the view that a description of idioms that combine identification of their lexical components and identification of dependency links between these components will permit to predict their formal variations. Such a description is possible only in a model of lexicon that describes precisely combinatorial proprieties of lexical units. Our thesis, based on the Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology’s framework, exploits and enhances the data of the French Lexical Network (fr-LN). This resource is being developed at the laboratory ATILF (Nancy, France).The thesis makes two principal contributions to the study of phraseology. The first contribution is the development of a precise description of idioms’ lexico-syntactic structures. The second contribution is the indentification and the study of structural, syntactic and lexical variations linked to idioms’ formal flexibility. Idioms’ formal variations are correlated with their lexico-syntactic structures, but also with their lexicographic definitions. This work leads us to introduce the notion of structural projection, that plays a central role in the continuum of idiom’s formal flexibility