Detta examensarbete vänder sig till personer som är intresserade att använda nya miljövänligametoderna för elproduktion eller personer som redan använder små vindkraftverk ochsolpaneler med behovet av en extra energikälla i små stugor eller avlägsna platser där tillgångentill elnät är omöjligt. Syften i detta arbete är först och främst att bygga ett system förelproduktion med hjälp av en cykel. Sedan bestämma mängden av elektrisk energi en personkan alstra med systemet. Slutligen svara om detta system skulle kunna använda som ettstödsystem för elproduktion i småskalighet. Den första målsättningen är att utforma ett system med användning av kraftelektronik där denkraften som genereras matar lasterna. Den mekaniska delen kommer att konstrueras som en delav energikällan, därefter kommer det att utformas en kontroll för att styra effekten viaelektroniska komponenter, de elektriska belastningarna matas av systemet, kommer attsimuleras. För att veta den alstrade effekten till styrkrets kommer det att installeras en mätareoch en seriekommunikationsenhet för kommunikation med en dator. Det utfördes en forskning av andra system och produkter i svenska marknaden, för att svara omdetta system kan vara en reserv system för elproduktion i småskalighet. Uppförandet av ett pedalkraftssystem uppnås med användning av en tolv volt likströmsmotormed permanent magnet som energikälla. System har förmåga att visa i en LCD-skärm och sändagenom serieportarna, värde av den alstrade effekten. System kan vägleda denna effekt tillbelastningarna med hjälp av en mikrokontroll. Effekt som genereras i systemet visades att detär signifikant för att beaktas som en ytterligare energikälla, fristående eller integrerad till andra system. / This thesis is aimed at people who are interested in using the new environmentally friendlymethods of electricity generation or people who already use small wind turbines and solarpanels with the need for an additional energy source in small cabins or remote locations whereaccess to electricity networks is impossible. Aims of this work is first to build a system forgenerating electricity using a bicycle. Second is determining the amount of electrical energy aperson can generate with the system. Finally answer if this system could be used as a supportsystem for electricity generation in small scale. The first objective is to design a system using power control where the power generatedsupplied the loads. The mechanical part will be constructed as part of the energy source, thenwill be designed a control for controlling the power via electronic components, electrical loadssupplied by the system, will be simulated. To know the generated power to the control circuitwill install a meter and a serial communication device for communicating with a computer. It carries out a research on other systems and products in the Swedish market, to answer whetherthis system can be a backup system for electricity generation in small scale. The construction of a pedaling power system is achieved using a twelve volt direct currentmotor with permanent magnet as an energy source. System has the ability to show in an LCDdisplay and transmit through the serial ports, the value of the generated power. System canguide the power to the loads by using a microcontroller. Power generated by the system showedthat it is significant to be considered as an additional energy source, stand-alone or integratedwith other systems.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-16T17:04:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o homologa??o Viviane Bettanin 14.11.2018.pdf: 3436850 bytes, checksum: 12199a52b8023657a598a8254ca85c0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-19T13:58:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o homologa??o Viviane Bettanin 14.11.2018.pdf: 3436850 bytes, checksum: 12199a52b8023657a598a8254ca85c0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T14:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o homologa??o Viviane Bettanin 14.11.2018.pdf: 3436850 bytes, checksum: 12199a52b8023657a598a8254ca85c0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by chemical harmful to the environmental and to human health, the development of natural substances that are able to substitute these dangerous components have been increased. Tannins are a group of natural poliphenolic components extracted from plants that could be used as corrosion inhibitors. This study investigates the utilization of two bark of black wattles (Acacia mearnsii) as corrosion inhibitors, Weibull and Macrospec, in acidic medium and in atmospheric environment and in aqueous CO2 rich medium under high pressure. API 5L X65 steel samples were exposed to a corrosive medium (0.1 M HCl) with different tannin concentrations. The best results were duplicate to an environmental with CO2 saturated water at 15 MPa and 50?C. In order to characterize the specimens scanning electron microscopy by gun field emission, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X ray diffraction, mass loss tests and potenciodynamic polarization tests were used. The results indicated that both tannins, at atmospheric pressure and 0.1 M HCl corrosive environment have similar performance as corrosion inhibitors, and the higher dosage tested (12 g/L) exhibited the best efficiency. However, when the tannins were tested in environment with presence of CO2 under high pressure (15 MPa) and 50?C the results were different, and only Macrospec tannin had an inhibitory action under the conditions tested. / Visando diminuir os impactos ambientais causados por subst?ncias qu?micas nocivas ao meio ambiente e ? sa?de humana, a procura por substitutos naturais destes compostos em diversas aplica??es vem sendo intensificada. Taninos compreendem uma classe de compostos polifen?licos naturais extra?dos de plantas, podendo ser usados como inibidores de corros?o em meio aquoso. Neste estudo avaliou-se a utiliza??o de dois taninos vegetais da ac?cia negra (Acacia mearnsii), Weibull (em p?) e Macrospec (l?quido), como inibidores de corros?o em meios ?cidos em ambiente atmosf?rico e em ambiente com a presen?a de CO2 a alta press?o. Corpos de prova de a?o API5L X65 foram expostos a meio acidificado com HCl 0,1 M com diferentes concentra??es de taninos e o melhor resultado no que se refere ? concentra??o do tanino para a inibi??o de corros?o foi replicado para um meio com ?gua saturada com CO2 a 15 MPa e 50?C. Para caracteriza??o foram realizadas as an?lises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, difra??o de raios X, medidas eletroqu?micas de polariza??o potenciodin?mica, e testes de perda de massa. Os resultados indicaram que ambos os taninos, em meio de HCl 0,1 M e press?o atmosf?rica, apresentaram desempenho similar no que diz respeito aos efeitos de inibi??o da corros?o e a maior dosagem utilizada (12 g/L) foi a que apresentou melhor efici?ncia de inibi??o. Por?m, quando testados em meio de ?gua saturada com CO2 a 50?C e 15 MPa o comportamento dos taninos foi distinto, sendo que apenas o tanino Macrospec teve a??o inibit?ria nas condi??es testadas.

By measuring intentions to purchase, this research gives insight into environmental attitudes, pressures to purchase environmentally friendly apparel, factors that inhibit environmentally friendly apparel purchasing, awareness of environmentally friendly apparel purchase options, and marketing insight into the eco-friendly consumer. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to assess consumer purchasing intentions for environmentally friendly apparel. The TPB consists of a three-pronged measurement: individual attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Individual attitudes were gauged on three dimensions which included environmental attitudes, demographic patterns, and environmentally friendly apparel purchase intentions. Subjective norms involve social pressure to engage in eco-friendly behavior, perceived individual environmental impact, and desire for uniqueness in dress. Finally, perceived behavioral control was studied through previous environmentally friendly apparel purchases, accessibility of environmentally friendly apparel purchase options, and cost of environmentally friendly apparel. The results revealed that individual environmental attitudes, social pressure to behave environmentally friendly, perceived individual environmental impact, desire for uniqueness in dress, past environmentally friendly apparel purchases, accessibility of environmentally friendly apparel purchase options, and cost of environmentally friendly apparel all have an impact on intentions to purchase environmentally friendly apparel. The variable with the strongest relationship to intentions was social pressure. A demographic profile of intent to purchase environmentally friendly apparel, however, was not possible with this sample. This indicates there is not specifically one type of person who purchases environmentally friendly apparel.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Nowadays, due to climate change and many other facts affecting daily life a trend to use eco-friendly transportation ways has arisen, and from them the one mostly used and with the highest acceptance is biking. Therefore, several companies have emerged offering bike-sharing systems, and those systems have been greatly accepted in the different metropolises around the world. The generalization of these systems has created a new need: to manage them efficiently. Consequently, in this work, we propose a software architecture and the implementation of a bike-sharing management system using the Internet of things (IoT). / Revisión por pares

I noticed that the workers had the same itinerary when emptying trashcans, meanwhile trashcans needed urgently to be emptied. Traditionally, ETSU maintenance operate on daily routes to pick trash on designated time, regardless the level of the containers. This leads to overflown trashcan in busy areas or during rush hours in certain areas. This overflown trashcan result in an unclean environment for the community and an unpleasant look of our beautiful campus. The time, resources and labor invested in collecting the trash could be saved. Therefore, I decided to use the Internet of Things (IoT) to create a device that will optimize trash collection, to reduce costs and pollution. The Eco-Smart Can will contain a renewable source of energy such as the solar panel. Furthermore, it will have a compactor as well to decrease the trash volume. The system in the Eco-Smart can will give prior information of the trash level to maintenance facility so that they can empty the trash in a timely manner and preserve the environment.

This study investigated the influence of brand incongruity on females’ perception of the properties of bi-national apparel products. A survey was conducted across Tshwane, a major urban area in South Africa, to provide empirical evidence of female consumers’ reliance on brands in the context of an emerging economy where global brands have become widely available and easily accessible in recent years. Data was collected by means of convenient sampling and through self completion of a structured questionnaire by 322 willing, working females. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVAs and post hoc tests. This study confirmed the significance of brand names as a cue of the functional performance related properties of female apparel and concluded that the relevance of brands for status related purposes is secondary to females’ use of brands to infer the functional and performance attributes or to deduce the eco friendliness of apparel. This was true for all the age, income, and education levels or population categories. Although extant research confirms the importance of brands to convey status and to boost consumers’ self image, i.e. serving as an extension of an individual’s self, this study revealed that females do not primarily use brands for status purposes. Brands are mostly trusted to provide good fit, durability, comfort and good quality. Consumers do not necessarily seem familiar with the majority of apparel brands that are widely advertised. However, the majority of consumers preferred the country of manufacture (COM) and the country of origin (COO) of brands to match. Overall, they preferred brands originating from Western countries as the COM, and were more approving of locally manufactured goods than apparel manufactured in Eastern countries. As a simplifying strategy, consumers’ ignorance about the COM of global brands is probably addressed by opting for brands associated with Western COM. Brand incongruence may therefore have noticeable consequences for brand equity in a highly competitive global market and this should be addressed through clever marketing initiatives to prevent dismay and brand switching. / Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Consumer Science / unrestricted

El presente trabajo de investigación comprende diversos temas acerca de cómo se desarrollará la formulación e implementación de la marca de productos sostenibles de higiene femenina Nuvem. Esta ofrece toallas higiénicas eco amigables elaboradas a base de tela de algodón en el mercado productos de higiene femenina de Lima, Perú. El objetivo de este proyecto es presentar a posibles inversionistas un modelo y un plan de negocio rentable y escalable, que tiene el añadido de ser sostenible. Se inició este trabajo de investigación con el proceso de ideación de la idea de negocio, dentro del cual se describe el modelo de negocio. Seguidamente, se desarrolló el proceso de validación del problema a través de experimentos. Producto de ello, se definió el segmento de clientes, así como el tamaño de mercado considerando la solución propuesta. Posteriormente, se diseñó el plan concierge por medio del cual se validan las ventas, y con ello se armó la proyección de ventas para tres años, considerando distintas variables. Tomando en cuenta los resultados de la proyección, se elaboraron los planes para el proyecto: Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Marketing y Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Finalmente, la realización del Plan Financiero ha permitido conocer la factibilidad del proyecto gracias al análisis del pronóstico de ventas, costos, gastos, inversión y capital de trabajo. Así mismo, nos apoyamos en los indicadores financieros pertinentes para medir la efectividad de la administración del negocio y generar valor para los accionistas. / The following Project comprehends different concepts concerning the formulation and implementation of the new business model, Nuvem. The purpose of this project is to offer a new sustainable option for women in their period, this being a reusable cotton pad. It is hoped this project will be noticed by investors who are in the search of new profitable and sustainable businesses. In the first section of the investigation, the authors describe the process of the business idea, in which the business model is defined. As well as the project’s problem validation through the application of individual experiments. Afterwards, it was determined the customer segment along with the market size in which the project would be based. Accordingly, to this, the concierge plan was designed and applied. This helped with the 3 year sales projection that was elaborated regarding different variants. Taking in consideration the sales projection results, the business plan was specify: The strategic plan, the human resources plan, the operations plan, the marketing plan and the corporate social responsibility. Lastly, the implementation of the financial plan has allowed us to validate the feasibility of our project. In addition, we rely on the respective financial indicators so we can measure the effectiveness of the business. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo de investigación surge a partir del problema de espacio, orientado en hombres y mujeres entre 25 a 45 años que vivan en departamentos pequeños en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana. Esto hace que muchas familias se vean en la necesidad de optimizar sus espacios y que lo solucionen con la adquisición de muebles y más aún si estos tienen componentes ecológicos. En ese sentido, ECOCREA ofrece muebles multifuncionales contribuyendo al cuidado del medio ambiente. Para esta investigación se realizó encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a nuestro mercado objetivo las cuales se aplicaron del siguiente modo: se realizaron encuestas a cien personas y se entrevistó a quince personas, el cual se obtuvo como resultado que el 51% están interesados en productos orgánicos, el 48% compra muebles entre un periodo de tres a cinco años, el 41% busca muebles que sean funcionales y el 37 % considera que los recursos de fabricación sean respetables con el medioambiente. Finalmente, se puede observar que la utilidad neta obtenida para el trabajo de investigación entre el año uno y el año cinco se incrementa. En el primer año, fue de S/.13,517.95 soles, lo que representa un 2.39% del total de ventas; luego en el año cinco el monto de utilidad neta es de S/.52,633.71 soles representado por un 7.56% de las ventas de ese mismo año. Lo que indica un crecimiento constante durante el horizonte de análisis. / This research work has the origin from the space problem in men and women between the ages of 25 and 45, who live in small apartments in the city of Lima Metropolitan. That is why many families need to optimize space and they solve it by buying furniture and even more if it is made by eco-friendly materials. By this situation, ECOCREA offers multifunctional furniture for caring the environment. Surveys and interviews were made to our target market for this research. Which were applied to this way: surveys were to one hundred people and the interviews were made to fifteen people. As a result, the 51% are interested in organic products, the 48% bought furniture within 3 to 5 years, the 41% looked for multifunctional furniture and the 37% wanted companies the manufacturing resources to respect the environment. In the end the profitability gets increase in the first year to the fifth year. At the beginning of the research project on first year was S/. 13,517.95 soles, which means the 2.39% of total sales. And after five years the project profitability gets increase to S/.52,633.71 soles which means the 7.56% of total sales. All of this data indicated that ECOCREA is a business growth. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad cada vez más personas se preocupan por su salud y por el bienestar del planeta, es por ello que se ha incrementado el consumo de productos no solo saludables sino también eco amigables. Sorbeteli se presenta como una alternativa innovadora y diferenciada al ofrecer sorbetes comestibles y eco amigables, elaborados en base a frutas en distintos sabores. Nuestro sello distintivo será que el cliente tendrá la oportunidad de personalizar los sorbetes para fechas o eventos importantes y, además, el ofrecer un servicio de calidad y con todos los protocolos ante la pandemia generada por la COVID-19. En el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación se explica y definen los aspectos fundamentales del negocio con la herramienta del BMC. Por otro lado, los MVP’s se realizaron con la intención la validar el modelo de negocio, estos nos permitieron conseguir el máximo aprendizaje sobre el producto y nuestros usuarios. Finalmente, se desarrollaron los planes: estratégico, operaciones, marketing, recursos humanos, responsabilidad social y financiero. Con respecto al plan financiero, es importante mencionar que los estados financieros se muestran favorables al proyecto Sorbeteli. Asimismo, los indicadores financieros nos permiten medir la rentabilidad y determinar la viabilidad del negocio, podemos concluir que el proyecto es viable debido a que el Valor Actual Neto del proyecto genera un beneficio neto de S/.65,018.76, además se obtuvo una TIR (55%) superior tanto al COK (17,46%) como al WAAC (16%). / Nowadays, a growing number of people are concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet, for that the consumption of not only healthy but also eco-friendly products has increased. Sorbeteli is presented as an innovative and differentiated alternative by offering edible and eco-friendly sorbets, made with fruits in different flavors. Our hallmark is that the client would have the opportunity to personalize the straws for important dates or events and, in addition, we offer a quality service with all the protocols in the face of the pandemic generated by Covid-19. In the development of the project, the fundamental aspects of the business are explained and defined with the BMC . On the other hand, the MVP's were carried out with the intention of validating the business model, these allowed us to achieve the maximum learning about the product and our users. Finally, we developed the business plans :strategic, operations, marketing, human resources, social responsibility and financial. In relation to financial plan, it is important to mention that the financial statements are favorable to the Sorbeteli’s project. Likewise, financial indicators allow us to measure profitability and determine the viability of the business, we can conclude that the project is viable because the Net Present Value of the project generates a net profit of S/.65,018.76, in addition, an IRR (55%) was higher than both COK (17.46%) and WAAC (16%). / Trabajo de investigación

En el presente trabajo se ejecutó un plan de negocio que consiste en la elaboración de un shampoo en barra hecho a base de insumos peruanos. Para realizarlo exitosamente, se efectuó inicialmente una investigación exhaustiva para elegir el sector en el cual nos desempeñamos y a nuestro público objetivo. Con el objetivo de conocer y validar el modelo de negocio se desarrollaron distintas hipótesis que finalmente llevaron a experimentos como el Producto Mínimo Viable (MVP). En base a los MVP’s se realizaron cambios y mejoras en el producto final para que sea del agrado de los clientes y posteriormente motivarlo a efectuar una compra. En este paso, se realizó un ajuste en cuanto a las edades y nivel socioeconómico para alcanzar mayor demanda. Este trabajo contiene distintos presupuestos que se efectuarán a lo largo del proyecto tales como plan de operaciones, marketing, recursos humanos, RSE, entre otros. De igual manera, se analizaron distintos escenarios para observar y conocer las circunstancias que la empresa Alkhimia se podría encontrar. Asimismo, se puede determinar que el proyecto arroja una tasa interna de retorno de 56,77% así como un costo promedio ponderado de capital de 15,7% lo que da una ganancia de 41,11%, ello simboliza que la inversión puesta en dicho proyecto es rentable. Por otro lado, la inversión se recuperará en dos años y ocho meses.   Finalmente, a raíz de la pandemia por Covid -19 nos ayudó a adaptar nuestro modelo de negocio a la actualidad y de esa manera poder generar ingresos. / In this paper, a business plan was executed that consists of the elaboration of a shampoo bar based on Peruvian supplies. In order to carry it out successfully, an exhaustive investigation was initially carried out in order to choose the sector in which we’ll operate and which clients to direct our product to. In order to understand and validate the business model, different hypotheses were developed that finally led to experiments such as Minimum Viable Product (MVP). Based on the MVP's, changes and improvements were made to the final product to make it more pleasing to our customers and then motivate them to make a purchase. In this step, an adjustment was made in terms of ages and socioeconomic levels to be able to have a greater demand. This work contains the different budgets that will be made throughout the project such as an operations plan, marketing, human resources, CSR, among others. In the same way, the different scenarios were analyzed to be able to observe and know the circumstances that the Alkhimia company could encounter. Likewise, it can be determined that the project yields an internal rate of return of 56,77% as well as a weighted average cost of capital of 15,7%, which gives a profit of 41,11%, this symbolizes that the investment put into such a project is profitable. On the other hand, the investment will be recovered in two years and eight months. Finally, as a result of the Covid -19 pandemic, it helped us to adapt our business model to present and thus be able to generate income. / Trabajo de investigación