The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the EcoHealth markers and health promotion interventions in the behaviour and practices of vegetables growers in Addis Ababa. The objectives were to assess the urban and peri-urban community members’ knowledge and practices on the existing environmental health policies/regulations/guidelines, assess the perspectives of women and youth on urban and peri-urban EcoHealth promotions and protections and evaluate the development and implementation of the health promotion activities on waste water use by applying an ecological model aimed at changing behaviour and by providing Bio-sand filter to promote hand wash practice which helps to reduce potential health risks among urban vegetable growers. Both quantitative and qualitative descriptive researches were conducted to identify the urban and peri urban community members’ knowledge and practices of the existing environmental health regulators and the perspectives of women and the youth on EcoHealth. Additional quasi experimental method; multiple baseline survey along with the EcoHealth Stress Process promotion method was employed to identify stressors, measure changes in environmental health promotion intervention and use of hand wash (biosand filter for hand wash). Six woredas from two subcities of the Addis Ababa City Administration were purposely selected, and a total of 845 (98.9% response rate) households participated in the quantitative study, while 142 community members (public sector offices, factories and establishments’ management and employee), participated in the qualitative survey. For quasi experimental method, six settings/blocks (of which 3 sites were provided with a bio-sand filter for hand washing) cultivated by 6 to 8 vegetable growers and their family members, were included in the intervention (multiple baseline survey). The findings revealed that about 77 percent of participants reported, knowledge of one or more of the selected environmental health and EcoHealth regulations. Ownership of assets and education tend to influence the public awareness of selected EcoHealth and environmental health regulations. Women and youth found to be significant contributors to better urban and peri-urban EcoHealth conditions and were the ones primarily affected by environmental hazards. The intervention study results also indicated evidence-based IEC interventions and ecological health promotion methods proved useful in promoting EcoHealth in an urban environment. Moreover, the biosand filter used to provide evidence of health promotion was found to be valuable for wastewater treatment and significantly reduced chemical, physical and biological contaminates from the wastewater. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The pace of technological advancement and growth in the twenty-first century continues to soar at unprecedented levels and beyond human imagination. As the fourth industrial revolution unfolds, it has become increasingly difficult to predict the direction technological innovation will take in the not too distant future. Digital technologies have become an integral part of every aspect of human existence (work, play, schooling and personal relationships). The purpose of this study was to explore the various ways mobile technological gadgets like cell phones, tablets and laptops could be leveraged to promote a culture of leisure reading amongst a group of Zimbabwean adolescent learners. Data was collected using the literacy practices interview, mobile reading diaries, focus group interviews and the researcher’s personal field notes. Theoretically, the study was guided primarily by Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory. Also, the study was supported by Guthrie and Wigfield's reader engagement model and Turner and Hicks' connected reader model. The empirical data collected through the data collection instruments were analysed inductively. The findings revealed that adolescent learners are a digital generation whose reading needs are ever growing and expectations are ever changing. The adolescent participants expect their reading to be like the rest of their digital lives, which is quick, uninterrupted, personalised and smart. It was found that the adolescent participants like to read on their terms, as they dislike being told when to read or what to read. Three reader identities were revealed namely; the eager reader, the ‘fifty fifty’ reader and the non-reader. The adolescent participants who were not already mobile readers readily accepted and adopted mobile reading as it afforded them vast reading opportunities. Besides, the findings of the study revealed that participants encountered many challenges, which in some instances militated against their mobile reading endeavours. These challenges were because of mobile phone use restrictions in schools, prohibitive data costs, a strong emphasis on academic reading as opposed to leisure reading and internet connectivity problems amongst other issues. In this study, the recommendations and guidelines outlined provide a framework with which schools, parents, mobile reading application developers and policymakers can adopt to support a robust mobile reading culture amongst Zimbabwean adolescent learners. The researcher concluded that mobile reading devices are a novel, noble and credible means through which they can foster positive leisure literacy practices amongst Zimbabwean adolescents. / Language Education, Arts and Culture / Ph. D. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

Bipolêre versteuring is ‘n kroniese, herhalende en ernstige siekte met ‘n voorkoms van 1 % wêreldwyd. Pasiënte kan psigoties word, selfmoordideasie hê en ook soms aggressief raak. Dikwels moet hulle gehospitaliseer word - ook teen hulle wil, want hulle mag soms geen insig toon nie. Pasiënte mag presenteer met ‘n ko-morbiede toestand, byvoorbeeld substansmisbruik of ‘n persoonlikheidsversteuring. Dit gebeur dikwels dat hulle nie hulle toegewysde rolle, byvoorbeeld dié van gade, broodwinner, ouer of volwasse kind, kan vervul nie. Versorgers van pasiënte gediagnoseer met bipolêre versteuring, word eweneens beïnvloed deur die siekte en die gepaardgaande stigma daarvan. Dit kan vir hulle baie moeilik wees wanneer hulle die verantwoordelikhede en rolle van die pasiënt moet oorneem. Beskou vanuit die oogpunt van ‘n ekologiese sisteemperspektief is die aard van hierdie impak op die maatskaplike funksionering van die versorgers relevant vir maatskaplike werk in die geestesgesondheidsveld. Die verkenning van hierdie impak en die ontwikkeling van ‘n intervensie om die impak aan te spreek het dus die rasionaal van hierdie studie gevorm. Die geïntegreerde biopsigososiale model, binne ‘n ekologiese sisteem perspektief, word aangewend by die psigiatriese instelling waar die navorser werk. Hierdie benadering het dus ook gedien as die vertrekpunt vir die betrokke studie. Die gemengde-metode navorsingsbenadering is tydens hierdie studie benut ten einde ‘n uitgebreide analise van die navorsingsprobleem te verskaf. Die voorgenome studie het binne die kategorie van toegepaste navorsing geval, want die doel daarvan was om ‘n program te ontwikkel om hulp te verleen aan versorgers van individue gediagnoseer met bipolêre versteuring. Die navorser het haar navorsing gerig aan die hand van Rothman en Thomas (1994) se intervensie ontwerp en ontwikkelingsmodel (D&D) deur gebruik te maak van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes. Na afloop van die analise van die kwalitatiewe data, is ‘n unieke psigo-maatskaplike opvoedkundige program, die SEE-SAW program, ontwikkel en toe geïmplementeer. Die konsep van balans versus wanbalans binne die sisteem is essensieel; die navorser se program het ten doel gehad om beter balans binne die sisteem van die pasiënt en versorger te bewerkstellig. Die gevolgtrekkings het duidelik getoon dat die versorger van die bipolêre pasiënt blootgestel is aan ‘n wye spectrum van behoeftes en uitdagings, maar dat intervensies soos die SEE-SAW program van groot waarde mag wees. / Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, recurrent, serious illness that occurs in 1 % of people globally. Patients might become psychotic, suicidal and sometimes violent. They often need to be hospitalised, even against their will because they may have no insight. Patients may have a comorbid condition such as substance abuse or a personality disorder. They are frequently unable to fulfil their assigned roles of spouse, breadwinner, parent or adult child. Caregivers of patients diagnosed with BD are also affected by the illness and the associated stigma. It becomes very difficult for them when they have to take over the responsibilities and roles of the patient. The nature of this impact on the social functioning of the caregivers, understood from an ecological systems perspective, is relevant for social work in the mental health care field. Discovering more about this impact and developing an intervention to curb it therefore formed the rationale for this study. The integrated biopsychosocial model, within an ecological systems perspective, is being used at the psychiatric institution where the researcher works. This approach therefore also served as the point of departure from which this research was conducted. A mixed methods research approach was utilised to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research problem. The proposed study fell into the category of applied research, due to its aim of designing a programme to assist caregivers of people diagnosed with BD. The researcher directed the study according to Rothman and Thomas’s (1994) intervention design and development model (D&D), using qualitative and quantitative methods. After the analysis of the qualitative data a unique psychosocial educational programme, the SEE-SAW programme, was developed and then implemented. The concept of equilibrium versus disequilibrium in the system is central; the researcher’s programme therefore strove towards better equilibrium within the system of patient and caregiver. From the conclusions it is apparent that the caregiver of the BD patient is exposed to a wide spectrum of needs and challenges, but that interventions such as the SEE-SAW programme may be very helpful. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Social Work and Criminology / PhD (Social Work) / Unrestricted

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Text in English with abstracts in English and Sesotho / Chemical substance abuse remains a major global health and social problem in a South African context. Social workers are one of the professionals who provide social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. However, social workers are not prepared enough in terms of training and workshops to provide drug dependency treatment to adolescents abusing chemical substances. This study therefore contributes to an emerging body of literature on chemical substance abuse, as there is a lack of information within the Department of Social Development in Lepelle Nkumpi Municipality of Limpopo concerning social workers’ preparedness, experiences and challenges in rendering services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. Furthermore, the study will generate new information that will assist the Department of Social Development to make necessary changes to social welfare services rendered to adolescents abusing chemical substances, and consideration will be given when drafting a framework for treating chemical substance abuse. A qualitative approach was adopted to explore, describe and contextualise social workers’ preparedness, experiences and challenges experienced during their work. Participants were selected using a non-probability technique of purposive sampling. As a data collection method, in-depth, one on one semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven social workers working with adolescents abusing chemical substances. Data was analysed using Tesch’s eight steps and verified using Guba and Lincoln’s model to test the trustworthiness of the data. Ethical considerations adhered to throughout this study were informed consent, right to privacy, avoidance of deception, debriefing of participants and management of information. Findings of the study confirmed that there are no clear guidelines in rendering social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances by social workers. The study further revealed that social workers’ training is generic in nature, therefore they are not well trained to render services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. They therefore lack resources and support to adequately execute social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. Lack of services for adolescents was also identified as a burning issue. Furthermore, treatment and prevention of chemical substance abuse is overlooked. Based on the research findings, recommendations pertaining to social work practice, social work training and education, social welfare policy, and further research were put forward. / Tshomisho ya diokobatsi e dula e le taba e kgolo ya hloba boroko ka ga lefapa la maphelo le tsa setshaba le lefase ka bophara ga mmogo le Africa Borwa. Badirela-leago ke ba bangwe ba ditsibe bao ba fanago ka ditirelo go baswa bao ba shomishago diokobatsi. Badirela-leago ga se ba lokishetswe go lekanenego ge go etla go ditaba tsa dithuto le tsebo go baswa bao ba shomishago diokobatsi. Thuto ye e tlaleletsa go hlahlo ya tshedimusho yeo elego gona ka diokobatsi, ka ge go hloka tsebo e feleletsego go lekolla gore badirela-leago ba e tukisheditse go tsona,le tseo ba hlakanego le tsona le mathata ao ba gahlanago le ona ge ba shomishana le baswa bao ba shomishago diokobatsi, ka lefapa la kgoro ya badirela-leago ya Masepala wa Lepelle-Nkumpi Limpopo. Go isha pele, thuto ye e tlo utulla tshedimusho e mpsha yeo e tlo thushango ba lefapa la kgoro ya badirelaleago go dira di phetogo tse bohlokwa tsa go amana le ditirelo tsa baswa bao ba shomishago diokobatsi. Tsebo e tletsego e shomishetswe go hlahloba, go hlalosa le go latela maemo a badirela leago ka maikemishetso, tsebo yeo banago le yona le mathata ao ba hlakanago le ona ge ba efa ditirelo go baswa bao ba shomishago diokobatsi. Ba tsea karolo mo thutong ye ba kgethilwe ka go shomisha mokgwa wo osa tsebiwego gore go tlo kgethwa bomang, gola gona le morero wa gore go tlo kgethiwa bjang. Tsenelelo ya poledishano gare ga ba tsea karolo ka o tee ka o tee le Monyakishishi, e swerwe bjalo ka mokgwa wa go kgobokantsha tshedimusho le ba direla-leago ba shupa, bao ba filwego ditirelo go baswa ba go shomisha diokobatsi. Go sekwasekwa ga ditshedimusho gotswa go ba tsea karolo go shomishitswe go tswa go Tesch’s dikgato tse seswai (Creswell, 2009:186) tsaba tsa netefatswa gotswa go tshomisho ya Guba and Lincoln’s model (1991:215-222). Melao ya Boitswaro e naganetswe ka mo thutong ye ka go latelela tumelelo ya tsebo, ditokelo tsa sephiri, go efoga go foraforetswa ka maaka, le go fana ka dikeletso le tsamaisho ya ditshedimusho gotswa go ba tsea karolo. / Social Work / M.A.(S.S.) (Social Work)

Behaviour problems are a problem in many secondary schools in Zimbabwe. This study attempts to investigate the causes and manifestations of behaviour problems of adolescent learners and to develop guidelines for teachers on how to assist learners with behaviour problems in the classroom. This is a qualitative study using focus group and semi-structured interviews. The main findings contributing to the causes of behaviour problems among adolescent learners are environmental factors, such as the family and the school and peer pressure. Behaviour problems are manifested by adolescents as disruptive behaviour, aggressive and antisocial behaviour, telling lies and theft. The findings highlight important guidelines, which teachers can use to assist and understand learners with behaviour problems in the classroom. The guidelines present an endeavour to solve problem behaviour in the classroom. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Special Needs Education)

Children heading their households are not a new phenomenon in South Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been the number one cause behind the emergence of many child-headed households in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative research inquiry was guided by an interpretivist epistemology. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was used as the theoretical framework that guided this study. A case study design was used with un-structured interviews being the primary method of data collection. Participatory task-based methods in the form of metaphors and story writing, informal observations, questionnaires and field notes augmented the data generation process. Purposive sampling procedures were used and two participants were chosen for this study. Thematic analysis of data generated the themes and sub-themes which provided insight into the lives of children in the role of parents. Findings of this study reveal that orphaned and vulnerable children in the role of parents have the task of taking care of their siblings by providing food, washing their clothes, sending them to school and helping with their homework. They also have the added task of making decisions in the home and providing parental guidance to their younger siblings in the absence of their parents. Children in this study also experienced poverty and faced stigma and discrimination from relatives, peers, neighbors and members in the community / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Behaviour problems are a problem in many secondary schools in Zimbabwe. This study attempts to investigate the causes and manifestations of behaviour problems of adolescent learners and to develop guidelines for teachers on how to assist learners with behaviour problems in the classroom. This is a qualitative study using focus group and semi-structured interviews. The main findings contributing to the causes of behaviour problems among adolescent learners are environmental factors, such as the family and the school and peer pressure. Behaviour problems are manifested by adolescents as disruptive behaviour, aggressive and antisocial behaviour, telling lies and theft. The findings highlight important guidelines, which teachers can use to assist and understand learners with behaviour problems in the classroom. The guidelines present an endeavour to solve problem behaviour in the classroom. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Special Needs Education)