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Getraumatiseerde adolessente se soeke na hoop : ‘n pastorale model (Afrikaans)Endres, Annelize 17 October 2009 (has links)
South Africa has a high incidence of crime where violence is particularly being committed against adolescents. Trauma has a disruptive influence on the development of adolescents. There is a lack of research focussing on pastoral counselling from a postmodern perspective regarding adolescents who experience acute trauma. This study makes use of three theories to make a meaningful contribution namely those of Rudolf Otto (1869 – 1937), René Girard (1923 - ) and Donald Capps (1990, 1993, 1994,1996). This study finds Otto`s theory about the numinous useful to assist traumatized adolescents on the road to healing. A numinous experience causes two results namely an overwhelming feeling of awe and a feeling of fear that comes from respect and distance. Traumatized adolescents should be guided into a meeting with God in a confusing post-modern world. Through the appropriation of the numinous adolescents can reach infinitely more than only being a “seeker”. Girard`s (1978) theory on mimetic violence and the scapegoat mechanism has been used in this study since it throws some light on the manner in which traumatized adolescents process trauma. The scapegoat mechanism theory helps one to understand how violence can be processed by scapegoating someone or something else. Girard`s theory also enlightens on the theme of forgiveness. Forgiveness is the key to overcome the horrors of the past. Adolescents particularly need role models. These role models can be found amongst other things, on television. Role models teach adolescents about revenge and reprisal. This study demonstrates that by applying Girard`s theory to the cross of Jesus, the traumatized and crucified Jesus becomes the role model for the “seekers” rather than identification with the peer group. Girard creates a greater understanding to manage trauma by exposing the scapegoat mechanism. Capps’ theory about hope and reframing on the other hand is useful in the sense that it gives hope for the future to adolescents. Hope therapy entails reframing since the situation needs a new perspective. The work of Capps, Reframing: New method in pastoral care (1990) was used as a framework. Narrative therapy is used because it assists the traumatized in their search for meaning. Ganzevoort’s (2000) theory regarding personal narrative identity proved to be useful in pastoral care to traumatized adolescents. The same applies to Erikson’s (1963) development theory, which includes the concept that the virtue of hope develops during childhood. It can also be associated with Moltmann’s (1974) view of hope as an alternative future for suffering persons. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted
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Soweto township youth experience of unemploymentOluwayemisi, Messigah Georgina 01 1900 (has links)
Background: The South African youth is confronted by unemployment. Ironically, even
the youth of Soweto Township experience the harsh realities of unemployment, despite them
playing a significant role to fight the apartheid regime. Therefore, the study explores the
experiences of the youth of Soweto with regards to unemployment.
Method: This study adopted a qualitative research approach and case study design. The
purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample consisted of ten
unemployed youth of Soweto Township. The unstructured interview was utilised to collect
data.
Results: One of the main findings in this study was the fact that unemployment has impacted
negatively on young people in Soweto Township. Unemployment has led to psychological
effects and isolation amongst the jobless youth of Soweto.
Conclusion: There is a need for great job opportunities for the youth in South Africa to
grow the economy. This could also reduce crime among young people since it is well known
that some of the young people have engaged in criminal activities due to unemployment. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
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Soweto Township youth experience of unemploymentMessigah, Georgina Oluwayemisi 01 1900 (has links)
Text in English / Background: The South African youth is confronted by unemployment. Ironically, even
the youth of Soweto Township experience the harsh realities of unemployment, despite them playing a significant role to fight the apartheid regime. Therefore, the study explores the experiences of the youth of Soweto with regards to unemployment.
Method: This study adopted a qualitative research approach and case study design. The
purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample consisted of ten
unemployed youth of Soweto Township. The unstructured interview was utilised to collect
data.
Results: One of the main findings in this study was the fact that unemployment has impacted negatively on young people in Soweto Township. Unemployment has led to psychological effects and isolation amongst the jobless youth of Soweto.
Conclusion: There is a need for great job opportunities for the youth in South Africa to
grow the economy. This could also reduce crime among young people since it is well known that some of the young people have engaged in criminal activities due to unemployment. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
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Att arbeta med det större systemet : Feedback-informerad terapi och nätverksterapi inom socialtjänsten / To Work with the Larger System : Feedback-Informed Treatment and Network Therapy in social servicesHjort, Erik January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this paper is to investigate Feedback-Informed Therapy (FIT) (Miller & Bertolino, 2015) in the form of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and Group Session Rating Scale (GSRS) scales when used in network therapy within the social services. The study is quantitative and is based on collected ORS and GSRS forms from 10 network therapies, including 94 people. The material is collected by network teams in four municipalities in Sweden; Norrköping, Enköping, Gothenburg and Botkyrka. The protagonists have completed an ORS on three occasions during the treatment period; before, during and after. The closest relatives, mainly parents, have made parallel estimates on the same occasions. In each network therapy, a network meeting and a follow-up network meeting have been held. All participants have completed a GSRS after the meetings. Of the study participants, 38% estimated a Clinical Significant Change in ORS after the network therapy. 50% estimated a positive change that did not exceed the limit of clinical significance. 12% estimated a small deterioration. In the cases of a Clinically Significant Change or major change, the meeting participants at the network meetings have estimated high on the GSRS (36.5 in the first meeting and 37.1 in the second meeting. In those cases with a small positive change or decrease, the participants have estimated lower on the GSRS (33.5 in first and 31.8 in others). The results indicate that network therapy gives a good effect if measured with ORS and that this effect appears early in the treatment. The study also indicates that the limit value for GSRS does not appear to be lower in Network Therapy than in other group therapy. Furthermore, the study points out that the network therapies that have network meetings with balance from the different sectors in the protagonist's life provide the best results both on the GRSR and ORS. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka Feedback-informerad terapi (FIT) (Miller & Bertolino, 2015) i form av skattningsskalorna Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) och Group Session Rating Scale (GSRS) när de används i nätverksterapi inom socialtjänsten. Studien är kvantitativ och utgår från insamlade ORS- och GSRS-formulär från 10 nätverksterapier som inkluderat 94 personer. Materialet är insamlat av nätverkslag i fyra kommuner i Sverige: Norrköping, Enköping, Göteborg och Botkyrka. Studiedeltagarna har fyllt i en ORS-skattning vid tre tillfällen under behandlingstiden; före, under tiden och efter. De närmast anhöriga, oftast föräldrar, har gjort parallella skattningar vid samma tillfällen. I varje nätverksterapi har det hållits ett nätverksmöte och ett uppföljande nätverksmöte. Samtliga deltagare har fyllt i en GSRS efter mötena. Av studiens deltagare skattade 38 % en klinisk signifikant förändring (KSF) på ORS efter nätverksterapin. 50 % skattade en positiv förändring som inte översteg gränsen för klinisk signifikans. 12 % skattade en försämring. I fallen med en klinisk signifikant förändring eller stor förändring har mötesdeltagarna på nätverksmötena skattat högt på GSRS (36,5 i första mötet och 37,1 i andra mötet. I de fall med liten positiv förändring eller minskning har deltagarna skattat lägre på GSRS (33,5 i första och 31,8 i andra). Resultaten pekar på att nätverksterapi ger god effekt om man mäter med ORS och att denna effekt visar sig tidigt i behandlingen. Studien pekar också på att gränsvärdet för GSRS inte verkar ligga lägre i Nätverksterapi än i annan gruppterapi. Vidare pekar studien på att de nätverksterapier som har nätverksmöten med balans från de olika sektorerna i huvudpersonens liv ger bäst resultat både på GRSR och ORS.
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Støtte til barn og ungdommer innom autismespekteret : En litteraturstudieNaqvi, Nazia Ibrar January 2022 (has links)
Background: The autism spectrum disorder is increasing in our society. Autism is a spectrum of conditions characterized by difficulties in understanding. Symptoms of autism can change with a right support. Aim: The purpose of the study is to use Bronfenbrenner’s theory in order to analyse forms of support for children and young adults on the autism spectrum disorder. I will use Bonfrenbrenner’s ecological system theory in my literature review in order to emphasize on different systems that influence support. Systems include microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. Method: General literature study where the results are based on both quantitative and qualitative research from databases EBSC host, APA psycinfo and APA psycArticles all of which created 9 studies. Results: The results show that more support is needed in school and habilitation centers for children and young adults with autism spectrum diagnosis. An increase in knowledge about the autism spectrum disorder is needed among parents, teachers and personal assistants. The results show that different forms of support help individuals with autism spectrum disorder to develop different skills. With proper communication, follow-up, mapping in behavioural therapy, socialstories and by creating clear circumstances can develop more skills individually. There is support for autism spectrum disorder in schools and kindergarten, but more support is needed. Support from technology has an important role in society. Follow-up for the individuals with autism spectrum disorder needs to start as early as possible. The findings show that with laterfollow-up or no follow-up, the autistic symptoms can re-appear. The result also show that sometimes parents may be influenced by cultural factors, which may prevent them from seeking support. Conclusion: Different forms of support have a developmental effect for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. More forms of support are needed in the society. Individuals with autism diagnose need constant follow-up support to develop skills. Children who received support at an early age developed better than those who received support later.
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Anhörigstöd under övergångsprocessen mellan barnhabiliteringen och vuxenhabilitering - En kvalitativ studie kring anhörigstöd utifrån kuratorers erfarenhet / The impact of family support during the process of transition between childhabilitation and adult habilitation. A qualitative study of family supportbased on curators' experience.Safaie Westberg, Sanam January 2022 (has links)
Syftet är att kartlägga anhörigstödet kring övergången från barnhabilitering till vuxenhabilitering utifrån kuratorers erfarenhet. Genom att undersöka ämnet övergång utifrån olika aspekter såsom organisation, samverkan, roller samt vinster med ett aktivt anhörigstöd eller brist i avsaknad av den, är förhoppningen att skapa djupare förståelse för de svårigheter som kan eventuellt tillkomma under processens gång. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ hermeneutisk ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teorierna som används i studien är Systemteori, Ekologisk systemteori, Rollteori och Livsloppsperspektivet. Följande teman framkom i resultatet Organisation, Samverkan och Roller. Resultatet visar att förbindelse mellan forskningen och det praktiska arbetet när det gäller anhörigstöd i övergången är bristfällig. Studien visar även att övergången är en orolig tid med många förändringar och där många unga vuxna likväl anhöriga upplever en oro. I resultatet framkommer det att anhörigstöd finns inom habiliteringen men att det främst erbjuds i relation till den unga vuxnas diagnos, vilket enligt resultatet indikerar att anhörigstöd i övergångsprocessen i dag är otillräckligt. Stödet behöver ses utifrån ett större perspektiv, där samverkan med andra instanser är av stor vikt för att kunna möta de behov som kan finnas hos de anhöriga. / The purpose is to identify the support for relatives in the transition from child habilitation to adult habilitation, based on the experience of health care curators. By examining the transition of the subject based on various aspects such as organisation, cooperation, roles and benefits with active relative support or disadvantages in lack of it, the expectation is to create a deeper understanding of the difficulties that may occur during the process. The study is based on a qualitative hermeneutic approach, based on semi-structured interview. The theories used in this study are Systems theory, Ecological system theory, Role theory, and Life course perspective. The themes that emerged were Organization, Cooperation, and Roles. The study shows that the connection between the research and the practical work regarding relative support in the transition is flawed. The transition is a troubled time and with many changes taking place and young adults, as well as relatives, experience a higher level of concerns. The results show that while support for relatives is available in habilitation, the support in question is primarily provided in relation to the young adult's diagnosis, which according to the results indicate that relatives support in the transition process is insufficient. The relatives support needs to be seen from a broader perspective where collaboration with other services is of great importance.
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A micro level model for assessing community development towards improved wellbeingHart, Cornelia Susanna 04 1900 (has links)
Developments since the 20th century indicate that the wellbeing of communities
makes for healthy national welfare in strong countries. Community wellbeing is
thus a priority for policy makers and service providers. Conceptualization of a
meaningful, holistic multidimensional measurement of community wellbeing at
micro (community) level has been lacking. Such a concept and its measurement
are essential when addressing social exclusion and development issues in the
enhancement of community wellbeing is to produce worthwhile results. There is
growing recognition that earlier understanding of community wellbeing failed to
address development needs and processes at community level. Outsider
stakeholder driven top-down one-dimensional community wellbeing (‘silo’)
measurements did not address human development needs at community level.
Meaningful measurement requires integrated frameworks addressing multidimensional
issues conceptualizing wellbeing measurement at community level.
Such measurement needs to be combined with the integrated inclusion of social
capital influence through ‘insider-outsider’ partnerships.
The research study purpose was to develop a community driven holistic,
integrative wellbeing assessment model. This model could assist ‘insiders’
(community members) and ‘outsiders’ (policy makers, service providers and
community development practitioners) in developing and implementing
community driven initiatives towards improved wellbeing. The two main
research questions were: 1) which macro level wellbeing assessment factors to
consider in an aligned micro level wellbeing assessment? and 2) what is the
associative relationship between wellbeing and social capital?
Two descriptive sample surveys were conducted utilizing a structured
questionnaire. Primary data findings contributed to finalization of a community
level wellbeing assessment model. This model would enable estimation of the
potential (push and pull) factors that influence the targeted success of
suggested community development processes. The assessment model is
community driven and owned, with spider and quadrant diagram graph tools
indicating first the status of community wellbeing and social capital, then the
associative relationships of wellbeing and social capital in ‘insider-outsider’
initiatives for wellbeing enhancement. / Development Studies / D. Phil. (Development Studies)
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Second Chance Recovery Centre : the experiences of caregivers of Nyaope addictsMokutu, Kgothatso Selloane Lydia 12 1900 (has links)
Background: Drug rehabilitation is crucial for drug addicts. As much as drug rehabilitation (rehab) centres are helping in dealing with drug addiction. Some drug addicts may find that some of the drug rehabs do not meet their needs. Therefore, the study explored the experience of
caregivers caring for nyaope addicts.
Method: This study adopted a qualitative research approach and a case study design. The purposive sampling method was employed to select the sample. The sample comprised six caregivers. The structured interview and open-ended questionnaire were employed to collect data. An interview questionnaire was designed allowing the participants to respond at home and provide feedback. Their responses provided through this process were insufficient, participants were
then requested face-to-face interviews and they agreed.
Results: One of the main findings in this study was that caregiving affects the caregivers negatively. Caregiving has led to psychological and physical effects amongst the caregivers.
Conclusion: A need was identified for support and awareness for the caregivers and rehabilitation centres in South Africa. This might reduce the relapse of substance abuse and help eradicate the number of substance abusers in South Africa. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology (Research Consultation))
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