Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Simone Rodrigues Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2015. / Um dos traços marcantes do capitalismo atual reside na capacidade de influência que diferentes grupos sociais exercem sobre a dinâmica dos mercados por meio de mecanismos de controle que são capazes de orientar a gestão e alocação dos recursos produtivos. Na questão da produção agrícola, os mecanismos de certificação são expressão dessa tendência e, em muitos casos, esses mecanismos são construídos com base em valores como a sustentabilidade. Entende-se que a constituição destes mercados exige uma análise que vai além da abordagem tradicional da economia que pouco se debruça sobre as condições sociais de formação dos mercados. A sociologia econômica, ao contrário da perspectiva econômica tradicional, aborda os mercados e os processos decorrentes de sua formação como construções sociais e para isso as relações sociais constitutivas dos mercados têm de ser colocadas a luz na análise. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta dissertação foi o de analisar o processo de construção social da produção de café com certificação socioambiental na região do Sul de Minas Gerais, tendo como objeto de pesquisa, uma cooperativa de pequenos produtores considerada pioneira nesse tipo de produção de café. O que tentaremos demonstrar neste trabalho, é que a organização de um grupo de produtores da região - adequada aos paradigmas sustentáveis na produção do café - foi constituída a partir de uma série de relações sociais da onde podemos destacar a influência de agentes com habilidades sociais advindos de grupos sociais com atuação política como: movimento da Teologia da Libertação da Igreja Católica e do movimento da agricultura alternativa, que atuaram junto ao grupo de pequenos produtores induzindo-os a se aproveitarem das mudanças nas regras de funcionamento do mercado cafeeiro que ocorreram a partir dos anos 1990 no Brasil - que propiciaram as condições institucionais para a entrada de pequenos produtores no mercado de café certificado. Como veremos, o trabalho destes agentes foi fundamental para a formação de uma identidade coletiva nos produtores e, assim, induzir práticas cooperativa entre eles, bem como, posteriormente, auxiliar no processo de adequação desses produtores as exigências da produção do café certificado. / One of the striking features of contemporary capitalism is the ability to influence that different social groups have on the dynamics of markets by means of control mechanisms that are able to guide the management and allocation of productive resources. In the matter of agricultural production, certification mechanisms are expression of this trend and, in many cases, these mechanisms are built on values such as sustainability. It is understood that the constitution of these markets requires an analysis that goes beyond the economic traditional approach that focuses little on the social conditions of markets formation. The economic sociology, unlike traditional economic perspective, discusses the markets and the proceedings arising from its training as social constructions and, for this, the constitutive social relations of markets must be placed under the analysis points. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to analyze the social construction process of coffee production with environmental certification in the southern area of Minas Gerais, having as a research object a small producers cooperative considered a pioneer in this type of coffee production. What we will try to show in this paper, is that the organization of a group of producers in the region - adequate to sustainable paradigms in coffee production - was formed from a number of social relationships, of which we can highlight the influence of agents with social skills arising out of social groups with politic actuation as: Theology Movement of Catholic Church Liberation and the alternative farming movement, which worked with the group of small farmers inducing them to take advantage of the changes of operation rules on the coffee market that occurred from 1990's in Brazil, and that provided the institutional conditions for the ingress of small farmers in the certificated coffee market. As we will see, the work of these agents was fundamental in the formation of a producer¿s collective identity and thus induces cooperative practices between them and subsequently assists in the adjustment process of these producers to the requirements of the certified coffee production.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2043.pdf: 1215438 bytes, checksum: 7608bbd05f7c5e5daf3955275ab16007 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Entrepreneurship is a term that has been present in the vocabulary of the Economy and the Administration and also in the common sense; however, rarely has been part of researches in social sciences. This dissertation describes the mains social actors who had contributed for the institutionalization of the entrepreneurship in the world. Moreover, it investigates one of the main actors that diffuse and support the entrepreneurship in Brazil: SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies). Describing it, we can identify how was introduced this subject (and term) in the programs of SEBRAE. Finally, the main of these programs, the Empretec, is investigated. It is co-coordinated by ONU and consists of a behavioral training which aim is to transform the behavior of individuals. Entrepreneurship seems in it not as academic concept with descriptive value, but as a prescriptive set of norms and values that guide and modify the perception of individuals. / Empreendedorismo é um termo que tem estado presente no vocabulário da Economia e da Administração e também no senso comum, no entanto, pouco tem feito parte das pesquisas das ciências sociais. Esta dissertação procura mapear os principais atores sociais que contribuíram para a institucionalização do empreendedorismo no mundo. Além disso, investiga um dos principais atores na difusão e apoio ao empreendedorismo no Brasil: o SEBRAE (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas). Traçando um histórico desta entidade pode-se identificar como foi introduzido este tema (e termo) nos programas do SEBRAE. Por fim, investiga-se o principal destes programas, o Empretec, o qual é coordenado pela ONU e constitui-se de um treinamento comportamental que visa transformar a conduta dos indivíduos. O empreendedorismo, assim, se apresenta não como conceito acadêmico de valor descritivo, mas sim, como um conjunto prescritivo de normas e valores que orientam e alteram a percepção dos indivíduos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissESL.pdf: 817504 bytes, checksum: 03f54ca2321ff88e89dbcde39c089180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The objective of this work is to sketch a cognitive framing reflecting on the corporate governance issue as a condition for the Brazilian financial market construction. To reach this objective, it was made a bibliographical revision about the corporate governance issue, which took to a preliminary study with the shareholders and their representative entity aiming to verify the convergence of diverse entrepreneurs speeches regarding the corporate governance. The following chapter is about how the media frame the corporate governance question in the press Revista Exame and the newspapers Gazeta Mercantil, Valor Econômico, Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo. The Economic Sociology approach helps to understand these data results aiming to apprehend the new dynamics in the brazilian imaginary fomented by the corporate governance ideology. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal esboçar um enquadramento cognitivo refletindo sobre a questão da governança corporativa como condição para a construção do mercado financeiro no Brasil. Para isso, apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em questão, a qual nos levou a realização de um estudo exploratório com os acionistas e a Animec, com o propósito de averiguar a convergência entre os discursos criados pelos empreendedores da governança corporativa. Em seguida, abordamos como a mídia enquadrou a governança corporativa através da Revista Exame e dos jornais Gazeta Mercantil, Valor Econômico, Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo. Assim, por meio da interpretação destes eventos e dos conceitos teóricos fornecidos pela corrente em que se inscreve este estudo a sociologia econômica, buscamos apreender a dinâmica que se estabelece no imaginário brasileiro fomentado pelo ideário da governança corporativa.

A presente tese busca analisar iniciativas de inovação social, de três diferentes formatos organizacionais, tendo por referência abordagens da Nova Sociologia Econômica (NSE). Autores dessa corrente teórica, sugerem observar as ações econômicas, a partir de uma reconfiguração dos atores sociais, neste sentido, ampliam a noção da economia para além das questões mercantis e monetárias, considerando tal, como construção social. Esta tese parte da premissa de que a inovação social (IS) surge como resposta aos crescentes desafios socioeconômicos e ambientais, provenientes do modelo econômico global neoliberal, sendo uma iniciativa social tanto no processo como resultado e, portanto, uma inovação alternativa ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento econômico. Para isto, optou-se pela análise de iniciativas socialmente inovadoras, de três diferentes organizações, sendo, o Banco Palmas - um banco comunitário, localizado em Fortaleza (CE), a organização Cidades Sem Fome - uma organização não-governamental, localizada em São Paulo (SP) e o Colab - uma empresa privada, localizada em São Paulo (SP), e com atuação em diferentes estados brasileiros. A pergunta que norteou a pesquisa foi: \"Como ocorre a dinâmica da inovação social e quais são as barreiras e facilitadores deste modelo de inovação\"? Para responder esta pergunta, utilizou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa exploratória, descritivo-qualitativa, a partir de múltiplos casos. Foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de evidências, tendo-se recorrido, assim, à técnica de triangulação de dados, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e análise documental, bem como à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que a inovação social consiste em uma ação coletiva, configurada por uma lógica participativa e colaborativa, através de uma rede de atores. A partir das iniciativas investigadas e com base nas proposições teóricas da investigação, é possível afirmar que a inovação social tem sido capaz de provocar mudanças no ambiente político-institucional em que está inserida. Têm como um dos principais facilitadores, a participação dos atores sociais - beneficiários - no processo de gestão da solução empreendida, por meio da governança compartilhada. E como uma das principais barreiras, o contexto político-institucional, no aspecto legal. Verificou-se, a partir dos casos analisados, que a inovação é social tanto no processo como no resultado, sendo capaz de gerar e fortalecer novas relações entre os atores, e ainda, contribuir para o empowerment dos beneficiários, considerando-os como co-produtores de tais iniciativas. / The present thesis seeks to analyze initiatives of social innovation, of three different organizational formats, with reference to approaches of the New Economic Sociology (NSE). Authors of this theoretical current, suggest to observe the economic actions, from a reconfiguration of the social actors, in this sense, broaden the notion of the economy beyond the mercantile and monetary questions, considering such, as social construction. This thesis is based on the premise that social innovation (IS) emerges as a response to the growing socioeconomic and environmental challenges arising from the neoliberal global economic model, being a social initiative both in the process and result, and therefore an alternative innovation to the current model of economic development. For this, we opted for the analysis of socially innovative initiatives of three different organizations: Banco Palmas - a community bank, located in Fortaleza (CE), the organization Cidades Sem Fome - a nongovernmental organization located in São Paulo (SP) and Colab - a private company, located in São Paulo (SP), and operating in different Brazilian states. The question that guided the research was: \"How does the dynamics of social innovation occur and what are the barriers and facilitators of this innovation model\"? To answer this question, we used an exploratory, descriptive-qualitative research approach, based on multiple cases. Multiple sources of evidence were used and the data triangulation technique was used, through semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentary analysis, as well as the technique of content analysis. The results showed that social innovation consists of a collective action, configured by a participatory and collaborative logic, through a network of actors. From the initiatives investigated and based on the theoretical propositions of research, it is possible to affirm that social innovation has been able to bring about changes in the political-institutional environment in which it is inserted. They have as one of the main facilitators, the participation of social actors - beneficiaries - in the process of managing the solution undertaken, through shared governance. And as one of the main barriers, the political-institutional context, in the legal aspect. It was verified, from the analyzed cases, that innovation is social both in the process and in the result, being able to generate and to strengthen new relations between the actors, and also, to contribute to the empowerment of the beneficiaries, considering them as co-producers of such initiatives.

To what extent does China's experience of economic reform since 1989 compel a reconsideration of the ontological foundations of contemporary capitalist development? China's political economy remains characterized by a unique and resilient political structure (the Chinese Communist Party) that penetrates both 'private' (market) and 'public' (state) organizations. The conceptual rootedness of contemporary theories of comparative and international political economy in a distinctly Western historical experience of capitalist development hinders their ability to understand Chinese capitalism on its own terms—as historically, culturally, and globally embedded. To generate greater analytic traction in understanding China's otherwise paradoxical constellation of actors and dynamics, I argue that contemporary capitalism should be studied as a set of mechanisms for managing and exploiting socio-economic uncertainty, rather than according to the binary logics of state regulation and market competition. These mechanisms can be conceptualized as an overarching risk environment. On this basis, I trace how the cognitive frames, social institutions, and relational networks that emerged within the 'socialist market economy' in China's post-Tiananmen financial system have placed the Chinese Communist Party at the nexus of the state and the market. I argue that specific ideas emerged about how to manage the flow of capital, playing a significant role in underpinning expectations of financial growth and stability. During this period the financial system underpinned the CCP's capacity to both manage and exploit socio-economic uncertainty through the path of reform, forming a central explanatory factor in a developmental trajectory marked by a trifecta of rapid economic growth, macroeconomic stability, and deepening socio-economic imbalances. Rather than viewing the path of financial reform in China solely in terms of 'partial' or 'failed' free- market reform, it thus becomes possible to cast China's development in a new light as the product of a more concerted vision of how the financial system would enable a mode of economic development that combined the drive for capital accumulation with the distinctive socio-political circumstances of post-1989 China.

Setting out from the works of Max Weber and Karl Polanyi, this chapter outlines a sociology of economic constitutionalism. The starting point is a functional definition of economic constitution as the law constituting the market order, no matter if it is public or private, national or international, official or informal law. Economic constitutionalism is understood as a system of thought, which emphasises the role of a liberal economic constitution in integrating the global economy. Adapting Weber's ideal-typical method, the economic constitution is conceived as a constitutional ideal type, next to juridical constitution, political constitution, social constitution, and security constitution. Sociologically speaking, these ideal types capture different constitutional rationalities, which are all culturally significant but not equally successful in the global age. Drawing on Polanyi's work, which exposes the self-regulating market as an artefact of economic thinking, the argument proceeds by highlighting the constitutive role of economics in constructing the law of the globalised market society. After economic law came to be embedded in national welfare states in the twentieth century, economic constitutionalism furthers the opening up of national laws and economies. In contrast to the rule of law, the rule of the market is inherently transnational in character.

L'objectif de ce travail doctoral sera de préciser le rôle des associations de migrants dans la circulation de normes et de pratiques politiques entre la France et le Sénégal. on se penchera plus particulièrement sur la façon dont les migrants convertissent les ressources économiques, acquises durant leur migration en France (notamment par le canal associatif), en capitaux symboliques, réinvestis ensuite dans la sphère politique de leur pays d'origine à leur retour. l'analyse des pratiques et discours des migrants de retour permettant précisément d'étudier l'incidence des trajectoires migratoires sur les stratégies politiques déployées par ces citoyens ‘transnationaux'. / How do monetary flows and flows of ideas interrelate as they circulate between new York, Dakar, and Paris ? This thesis shows how economic sociology can encompass and further conclusions relevant to the migration-development nexus. An economic sociological approach reveals that migrants' financial remittances perform a transnational relational work (Zelizer 2005) crtical to the maintenance of reciprocal exchanges across continents. Bringing together studies of economic and social remittances, this project shed light on the mechanisms through which migrants' transfers occur and affect political institutions in home countries. I combine two transnational datasets collected in France, Senegal, and the United States (in 2011-2012) to propose a structural model an inclusive epistemological framework to account for the channels through which the mobility of real and ideational assets affects sending societies

No description available.

The use of group lending for poverty alleviation is a widespread feature of modern microfinance. The structure of joint-liability credit - if one member defaults the others are held financially responsible - produces a natural tension between a borrower's social and economic interests. This study integrates theory from economics, sociology, and behavioural experiments to address the question, "How do social and economic mechanisms interact to shape a microcredit group's financial behaviour?" The empirical analysis involves an original dataset from a microfinance institution in Sierra Leone. The total dataset includes 7,025 joint-liability borrowers involved in 47,931 repayment transactions from 2005 to 2011. The empirical methods used are diverse: ethnographic fieldwork, GPS spatial analysis, social affiliation survey design, and multilevel statistical analysis of loan performance data. The original work is structured as three distinct papers. In the first paper, I examine social collateral, the formal use of a borrower's relationships as security against loan default. How does a group's spatial structure affect the efficacy of social collateral? Spatial concentration improves a group's economic performance up to a certain level after which the effect reverses and performance declines. The relationship is driven by a social trade-off between ability and willingness to enforce the loan. Further, groups that consist of multiple spatial fragments produce worse performance. Spatially fragmented groups are prone to splitting into social factions. In the second paper, I question what drives the self-selection process of microcredit group formation. The results show that group leaders prefer members with pre-existing social ties, who are spatially proximate, and have matching business types. The preference for socio-spatial factors is likely motivated by reducing the risk of strategic default by group members. In the third paper, I explore how economic cooperation in small groups evolves over years of repeated interaction. Despite the selective retention of better performing groups, average cooperation rates consistently decline, in terms of contribution and effort. Further, variance across groups continues to increase over 30 months of repeated interaction, suggesting that convergence to a stable cooperation rate has not occurred. Given that group lending exhibits many of the factors found to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments, it is surprising to find such a marked decline in this field setting. Overall, this thesis contributes to economic sociology by dissecting the difficult trade-offs between social and economic motives in group lending and offers policy implications for microfinance institutions regarding group formation heuristics, contract design, and loan management.

No plano teórico, ao problematizar a rígida sepação entre meios e fins, liberdade e necessidade, esta dissertação interroga sobre as possibilidades e os entraves à criação democrática no interior de relações de produção, que estão submetidas aos imperativos da esfera da reprodução. No plano empírico, as empresas de trabalhadores autogeridas, que surgiram a partir das transformações no mundo do trabalho no Brasil da década de 90, introduzem de forma contraditória elementos da ordem moral no seio das relações de trabalho. O que emerge do conflito entre a lógica gestionária e a lógica política? Quais são os dilemas que estão postos por essas experiências? Essas questões são analisadas em três dimensões: as relações de produção, os trabalhadores e o contexto socioeconômico em que as empresas autogeridas estão inseridas. Partindo das contradições (internas e externas) vividas pelas empresas autogeridas a discussão evidencia a própria constituição sócio-política do campo econômico e das condições de eficiência. Na parte final, o texto questiona a emergência das empresas autogeridas e da Economia Solidária a partir das seguintes encruzilhadas: a relação entre a criação de espaços democráticos e o processo de desregulamentação das relações de trabalho; a relação entre teoria e instituição do real; entre técnica e política, e ainda, entre ação de sobrevivência e ação criativa. A dissertação conclui afirmando que é justamente o fato das empresas autogeridas introduzirem uma descontinuidade na ordem gestionária da vida (não-política e não-humana), que cria a possibilidade de constituição de um espaço potencialmente democrático que pode ou não se realizar. / From a theoretical perspective, throughout a reflection on the rigid separation between ends and means, freedom and necessity, the following thesis intends to investigate the possibilities and the limits for democratic creation inside productive relations that are under the rules of the reproduction sphere. From the empirical perspective, the worker´s self-management enterprises - that arose from the 90´s Brazilian labor´s world transformation context – introduce moral elements into the labor relation in a contradictory way. What does come out of conflict between the management and political logics? What are the dilemmas posed by those experiences? Those questions are analysed in three dimensions: production relations; workers, and the socioeconomic context that selfmanagment enterprises are embeded in. As the discussion departes from the contradictions (internal and external) lived by the self-management enterprises, it shows the economic field and the conditions of efficiency as a socio-political construction.The last part of the text interrogates self-management enterprises and Solidary Economy emergence from the following crossroads: the relation between the creation of democratic spaces and the labor relations de-regulation process; theory and reality construction; technique and politic, and between survival and creative actions. To conclude, the thesis proposes that is the very fact that self-management enterprises introduces a discontinuity into the lives´ management order (non-political, non-human) that creates the potential to constitute democratic spaces that might, or might not, be accomplished.