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BAKGRUND & PROBLEM De allra flesta företag i vårt land är mindre företag, hit räknas företag med mindre än 49 anställda vilket motsvarar 99 % av Sveriges företag. Detta gör att de allra flesta företag skiljer sig från de företag som ofta beskrivs i litteratur inom ekonomistyrningens område. Detta genom att stora företag är överrepresenterade i studentlitteratur, vilket är det första problemet som studien omfattar. Flera forskare anser även att det finns ett gap mellan den teori som framställs i studentlitteratur och praktiken, vilket ses som det andra problemet studien behandlar. Denna studie fokuserar på att undersöka hur mindre bemanningsföretag i Östergötland tillämpar formella styrmedel i sin ekonomistyrning. Här kan man fråga sig vilka formella styrmedel som används och varför samt vilken roll styrmedlet har? SYFTE Syftet med studien har varit att ge en fördjupad förståelse för de formella styrmedel som svenska mindre företag inom bemanningsbranschen använder sig av och dess betydelse. AVGRÄNSNING Studien omfattar endast formella styrmedel i mindre företag i Sverige inom bemanningsbranschen. Datainsamlingen begränsas till ett urval. METOD Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av besöksintervjuer hos fyra fallföretag. Urvalsprocessen genomfördes med hjälp av urvalskriterier och ett företagsregister vilket resulterade i en population av 8 företag inom bemanningsbranschen med 4-49 anställda och med representation i Linköping. Av dessa åtta företag, valdes av fyra fallföretag att ingå i studiens urval. RESULTAT Studiens resultat visar att samtliga fallföretag använder sig av budget och kalkyler, några företag använder prognoser och även icke-finansiella nyckeltal. Ett fallföretag använder ett balanserat styrkort. Resultatet visar också hur företag väljer vilka styrmedel som ska ingå i företagets ekonomistyrning, viktiga aspekter här är behov, förutsättningar, kunskap & uppfattningar samt individuella preferenser. Vidare beskrivs den roll som det formella styrmedlet uppfyller i organisationen, vilket resultatet visar skiljer sig mellan olika styrmedel och beroende på i vilken organisation styrmedlet tillämpas. / BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM The most of the companies in Sweden are small, this group include companies with less than 49 employees and over 99 percent of the companies in Sweden belongs to this group. The fact result in that the most of the companies differ from the large enterprise often described in accessible literature for students within the economic control area. This depends on that large-scale enterprises are overrepresented in student literature, which is the first problem that the study covers. Many researchers also consider that there is a gap between the theory in student literature and practice, which is seen as the second problem that’s the study covers. The focus of this study is to examine how small staffing agencies in the region Östergötland, which include the cities Linköping and Norrköping, are using formal instruments as a part of their economic control. The question is which formal instruments are used and why, as well as what role filling the formal instrument? PURPOSE The purpose with the study is to become absorbed in how small enterprises applying economic control in their organization, what type of formal instruments they use and why. DELIMITATION The study only covers formal instruments that are used by small enterprises active in the business of staffing agencies within Sweden. The collection of empirical data is limited by one sample, the method of selection is described in the methodology section. METHOD The data collection was conducted using interviews with four companies. The selection process was carried out using the selection criteria and a business directory, resulting in a population of eight companies in the staffing industry with 4-49 employees represented in Linköping. From these eight companies, four were selected to be included in the sample of the study. RESULT The study results show that all companies use budgets and estimates, some companies use forecasts and also of non-financial indicators. One company uses a balanced scorecard. The result also shows how companies choose which economic instruments should be included in the company's economic control, key aspects here are needs, circumstances, knowledge and beliefs, as well as individual preferences. The result also describes what type of role the formal instrument should fill in the organization, which the results shows differs between different economic instruments and depending on which organization the instrument is used.

<p>Swedish clubfootball of today involves more money than ever before. This development</p><p>depends on the higher interest for football in Sweden which generates more revenues from</p><p>audience and TV-contracts, which leads to more money from sponsors and an increasing</p><p>market for selling souvenirs. Despite the fact that the increasing interest has generated more</p><p>revenues, we can still see reports in the media about economic problems in some clubs. What</p><p>is the reason for this? Do the clubs have the ability and knowledge about economic control</p><p>that it takes to run such a business as the clubfootball in Sweden has become?</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the economic control in a number of clubs</p><p>playing in the two Premier Divisons of the Swedish Football League. The purpose is also to</p><p>get a better understanding of how and why such problems occur and how to possibly prevent</p><p>them.</p><p>Method: We have used a qualitative study based on five interviews with representatives from</p><p>different football clubs in Sweden. The method has been chosen to give us a better</p><p>understanding for how the economic control works in the different clubs.</p><p>Theory: The theoretical framework of the study involves the context that non-profit</p><p>organizations and stock companies act in. Furthermore the study describes different theories</p><p>in the area of economic control with extra focus on budget.</p><p>Empirical foundation: The five interviews with representatives from AIK, Djurgården,</p><p>Hammarby, IFK Norrköping and Jönköping Södra IF constitutes the empirical foundation of</p><p>the study.</p><p>Conclusions: The study shows that all clubs use budget to control their economy. They all</p><p>believe that they have good control over their financial situation, which can be explained</p><p>partly by the introduction of the club license. The goals are still to reach good sport results</p><p>and the economy is seen as means to reach these goals. The study also shows that more</p><p>independence in the boards of the clubs could be something to strive for.</p> / <p>Svensk klubbfotboll är idag mer business än någonsin tidigare. Detta beror på det ökade fotbollsintresset i landet vilket lett till ökade publikintäkter, mer pengar från tv-avtal, som i sin tur leder till ökade pengar från sponsring och en ökad souvenirförsäljning. Samtidigt som det ökade intresset har genererat större intäkter nås vi titt som tätt av mediernas rapportering om att föreningar hamnat i olika typer av ekonomiska problem. Vad kan detta bero på? Har föreningarna verkligen de förutsättningar och den kunskap om ekonomisk styrning som krävs för att bedriva en så pass affärsmässig verksamhet som elitfotbollen i Sverige utvecklats till? </p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ekonomistyrningen går till i ett antal elitsatsande svenska fotbollsföreningar, få en bättre förståelse för hur och varför ekonomiska problem kan uppstå i en fotbollsförening samt hur de kan förhindras. </p><p>Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter för olika elitsatsande fotbollsföreningar i Sverige. Metoden har valts för att ge en bättre förståelse för hur ekonomistyrningen fungerar i de valda föreningarna. Teori: Den teoretiska delen av uppsatsen består till en del av de förutsättningar som ideella föreningar och idrottsaktiebolag verkar inom. Dessutom beskrivs olika teorier inom området ekonomistyrning med fokus på budget. </p><p>Empiri: Empirin består av fem intervjuer med representanter för de allsvenska föreningarna AIK, Djurgården och Hammarby samt IFK Norrköping och Jönköping Södra IF från Superettan. </p><p>Resultat: Studien visar att budget är det ekonomiska styrverktyg som används. Föreningarna säger sig ha god kontroll över den ekonomiska situationen, vilket delvis kan förklaras av den så kallade elitlicensens införande. Dock är de primära målen sportsliga och ekonomin ses som ett medel att nå dessa mål. Studien visar även att fler oberoende ledamöter i föreningarnas styrelse skulle kunna vara något att sträva efter.</p>

Swedish clubfootball of today involves more money than ever before. This development depends on the higher interest for football in Sweden which generates more revenues from audience and TV-contracts, which leads to more money from sponsors and an increasing market for selling souvenirs. Despite the fact that the increasing interest has generated more revenues, we can still see reports in the media about economic problems in some clubs. What is the reason for this? Do the clubs have the ability and knowledge about economic control that it takes to run such a business as the clubfootball in Sweden has become? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the economic control in a number of clubs playing in the two Premier Divisons of the Swedish Football League. The purpose is also to get a better understanding of how and why such problems occur and how to possibly prevent them. Method: We have used a qualitative study based on five interviews with representatives from different football clubs in Sweden. The method has been chosen to give us a better understanding for how the economic control works in the different clubs. Theory: The theoretical framework of the study involves the context that non-profit organizations and stock companies act in. Furthermore the study describes different theories in the area of economic control with extra focus on budget. Empirical foundation: The five interviews with representatives from AIK, Djurgården, Hammarby, IFK Norrköping and Jönköping Södra IF constitutes the empirical foundation of the study. Conclusions: The study shows that all clubs use budget to control their economy. They all believe that they have good control over their financial situation, which can be explained partly by the introduction of the club license. The goals are still to reach good sport results and the economy is seen as means to reach these goals. The study also shows that more independence in the boards of the clubs could be something to strive for. / Svensk klubbfotboll är idag mer business än någonsin tidigare. Detta beror på det ökade fotbollsintresset i landet vilket lett till ökade publikintäkter, mer pengar från tv-avtal, som i sin tur leder till ökade pengar från sponsring och en ökad souvenirförsäljning. Samtidigt som det ökade intresset har genererat större intäkter nås vi titt som tätt av mediernas rapportering om att föreningar hamnat i olika typer av ekonomiska problem. Vad kan detta bero på? Har föreningarna verkligen de förutsättningar och den kunskap om ekonomisk styrning som krävs för att bedriva en så pass affärsmässig verksamhet som elitfotbollen i Sverige utvecklats till? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ekonomistyrningen går till i ett antal elitsatsande svenska fotbollsföreningar, få en bättre förståelse för hur och varför ekonomiska problem kan uppstå i en fotbollsförening samt hur de kan förhindras. Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter för olika elitsatsande fotbollsföreningar i Sverige. Metoden har valts för att ge en bättre förståelse för hur ekonomistyrningen fungerar i de valda föreningarna. Teori: Den teoretiska delen av uppsatsen består till en del av de förutsättningar som ideella föreningar och idrottsaktiebolag verkar inom. Dessutom beskrivs olika teorier inom området ekonomistyrning med fokus på budget. Empiri: Empirin består av fem intervjuer med representanter för de allsvenska föreningarna AIK, Djurgården och Hammarby samt IFK Norrköping och Jönköping Södra IF från Superettan. Resultat: Studien visar att budget är det ekonomiska styrverktyg som används. Föreningarna säger sig ha god kontroll över den ekonomiska situationen, vilket delvis kan förklaras av den så kallade elitlicensens införande. Dock är de primära målen sportsliga och ekonomin ses som ett medel att nå dessa mål. Studien visar även att fler oberoende ledamöter i föreningarnas styrelse skulle kunna vara något att sträva efter.

Este trabalho versa sobre a utilização do orçamento público como instrumento de intervenção no domínio econômico, demonstrando, em síntese, de que forma o Estado utiliza, ou ao menos deveria utilizar, o orçamento público como instrumento de planejamento de suas ações e de intervenção na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada. Tem-se por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão jurídica de diversas questões atinentes à elaboração e execução da peça orçamentária federal, aos reflexos causados na economia e na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada, especialmente no que toca à realização das receitas e despesas públicas, à elaboração das leis orçamentárias Plano Plurianual (PPA), Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) e Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e, também, aos interesses, às paixões e ideologias envolvidas em todo o processo financeiro. Para tanto, inicialmente, estuda o papel do Estado, distinguindo os campos de atuação privada e aquele reservado à Administração Pública, os modos de intervenção e aqueles aplicados à hipótese analisada, para, em seguida, proceder à análise da peça orçamentária, sua concepção atual e relevância para a iniciativa privada, o que possibilita, então, tratar de questões que envolvam as receitas públicas, em específico as tributárias e as despesas públicas. Por fim, trata do crédito público e, com isso, procura evidenciar de que forma, sob a ótica do orçamento público e nos limites legais de atuação do Estado, as previsões constantes do orçamento podem funcionar como instrumento de promoção, incentivo e estímulo, ou, em sentido contrário, limitar, frear ou desestimular o crescimento econômico e a atividade desenvolvida pela iniciativa privada. / This paper deals with the use of public budget as means of intervening in the economic control, demonstrating, in summary, how the Government uses, or at least should use, the public budget as means of planning its actions and any intervention in activities that the private initiative performs. The purpose is to contribute to the legal understanding of various issues pertaining to federal budget preparation and execution, the reflection caused to the economy and the activity performed by the private initiative. It especially regards the realization of public revenues and expenses, preparation of budgetary laws Multiannual Plan (PPA), Annual Budgetary Law (LOA) and Budgetary Directives Law (LDO) , as well as, interests, passions and ideology involved along the entire financial process. Therefore, it is initially assessed the Government role, distinguishing the fields reserved to private sector and that to Public Authorities; moreover, the intervention modalities and those applied to event of levy analyzed, to, then, proceed to the budget analysis, its current design and relevance for the private initiative. It allows the address of issues comprising public revenues, specifically, tax revenues and public expenses. Finally, it regards public credit and, it seeks to evidence how, from the public budget perspective and within the legal boundaries of Government performance, the forecast included to the budget may operate as instrument of promotion, incentive and motivation, or, otherwise, limit, hinder or discourage economic growth and private sector activities.

管制圖之經濟模型首由Duncan(1956)提出，自此之後陸續有學者致力研究經濟管制圖，包括X-bar管制圖、S管制圖等。但R管制圖之經濟設計目前尚無人提出。而在實務上，部份產業可能由於產品過於昂貴，或者產品的製造時間所需甚長，而使得品檢時所抽取的樣本數無法達到25個，這時若採用傳統的管制圖來分析製程，將無法顯示製程真正的狀態。因此本研究首先探討少量連串下X-bar和R管制圖之製作原理，並計算及整理出較完整的少量連串下X-bar和R的管制係數表。接著假設非機遇因素只影響製程運用Banerjee和Rahim(1987)的更新理論方法，建立少量連串情形下的R經濟管制圖。再利用最佳化方法，即可求得最適設計參數值。於是，少量連串情形下的R經濟管制圖得以建立。最後，我們將舉一個例子來說明如何獲得最適設計參數值、決定關鍵參數，以及少量連串情形下R經濟管制圖之建立與應用。

Este trabalho versa sobre a utilização do orçamento público como instrumento de intervenção no domínio econômico, demonstrando, em síntese, de que forma o Estado utiliza, ou ao menos deveria utilizar, o orçamento público como instrumento de planejamento de suas ações e de intervenção na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada. Tem-se por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão jurídica de diversas questões atinentes à elaboração e execução da peça orçamentária federal, aos reflexos causados na economia e na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada, especialmente no que toca à realização das receitas e despesas públicas, à elaboração das leis orçamentárias Plano Plurianual (PPA), Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) e Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e, também, aos interesses, às paixões e ideologias envolvidas em todo o processo financeiro. Para tanto, inicialmente, estuda o papel do Estado, distinguindo os campos de atuação privada e aquele reservado à Administração Pública, os modos de intervenção e aqueles aplicados à hipótese analisada, para, em seguida, proceder à análise da peça orçamentária, sua concepção atual e relevância para a iniciativa privada, o que possibilita, então, tratar de questões que envolvam as receitas públicas, em específico as tributárias e as despesas públicas. Por fim, trata do crédito público e, com isso, procura evidenciar de que forma, sob a ótica do orçamento público e nos limites legais de atuação do Estado, as previsões constantes do orçamento podem funcionar como instrumento de promoção, incentivo e estímulo, ou, em sentido contrário, limitar, frear ou desestimular o crescimento econômico e a atividade desenvolvida pela iniciativa privada. / This paper deals with the use of public budget as means of intervening in the economic control, demonstrating, in summary, how the Government uses, or at least should use, the public budget as means of planning its actions and any intervention in activities that the private initiative performs. The purpose is to contribute to the legal understanding of various issues pertaining to federal budget preparation and execution, the reflection caused to the economy and the activity performed by the private initiative. It especially regards the realization of public revenues and expenses, preparation of budgetary laws Multiannual Plan (PPA), Annual Budgetary Law (LOA) and Budgetary Directives Law (LDO) , as well as, interests, passions and ideology involved along the entire financial process. Therefore, it is initially assessed the Government role, distinguishing the fields reserved to private sector and that to Public Authorities; moreover, the intervention modalities and those applied to event of levy analyzed, to, then, proceed to the budget analysis, its current design and relevance for the private initiative. It allows the address of issues comprising public revenues, specifically, tax revenues and public expenses. Finally, it regards public credit and, it seeks to evidence how, from the public budget perspective and within the legal boundaries of Government performance, the forecast included to the budget may operate as instrument of promotion, incentive and motivation, or, otherwise, limit, hinder or discourage economic growth and private sector activities.

從2003年下半年開始，面對大陸經濟結構中的不合理投資，尤其是房地產行業的過快與過大的投資，對大陸經濟正常的永續發展，帶來巨大的隱患，大陸宏觀調控連續祭出了一系列緊縮的政策，將積極財政貨幣政策改為穩健財政貨幣政策，提高利率、控制土地與信貸、首次使用浮動匯率等等措施，所有這些都對房地產行業帶來了巨大的影響。 大陸房地產市場在經過2006年至2007年的快速上漲階段之後，由於大陸祭出了緊縮的貨幣政策與限制國外熱錢進入大陸房地產的規定之後，在大部分的城市中，房價出現了下降的情況，市場購買者觀望氣氛濃烈，在這樣的整體大環境下，能否制定合理的行銷策略，打開市場的通路，在房地產市場已出現反曲點的情況下，取得優異的銷售成績，對於房地產業者來說，將顯得十分重要。本研究介紹了房地產行銷管理的概念和發展階段，分析了房地產行銷現階段所存在的問題，提出了解決這些問題的整體解決方案。 為了協助投資北京房地產的台商，適應房地產市場新的變化，認識房地產市場的規律與發展策略，及時進行策略性的調整。本研究在研究者本身對房地產行業特殊性認識經驗的基礎上，以研究者自行設計的北京房地產產業鏈與波特五力模型相整合的模型為基礎，對影響北京房地產企業策略的共通性的因素做了審慎的實證分析。運用實證分析可以有效判斷出，大陸的宏觀調控政策並不是打擊房地產，而是穩定房價，引導投資合理的佈局。 本研究運用對比分析，借鏡於國外和其他地區的房地產市場發展的經驗，從經濟學的角度為大陸房地產行業的發展正本清源，理清房地產與工業化、城市化、消費水準、人均GDP 的互動關係與發展規律，聚焦於重點分析北京地區的城市規劃、房地產總供給量與總需求量的平衡關係。對於北京高度國際化的特點，也重點分析了外資對北京房地產的重要影響。 針對企業一般策略選擇模型的分析，本研究掌握北京房地產企業的策略篩選的一般性原則。比較大陸與海外房地產企業的策略特色，希望在房地產行業發展宏觀調控、經濟泡沫等複雜的新變化之下，為北京房地產企業的策略篩選提供有價值的借鏡功能。 有鑑於全球經濟的走緩和大陸經濟的未來挑戰，北京從去年底今年初以來，其實早以推展「後京奧時代」的經濟重編計劃，包括製造業西移、品牌產業的打造、區域經濟的重劃，及有計劃的對外投資等。根據很多經濟專家的研判，在2008年北京奧運之後，大陸經濟成長勢必降溫，但還不致於泡沫化，本研究也證實這樣的看法，其主要理由有三:第一，2007年大陸出超佔GDP比重約為8.1%，所佔比率尚低，雖然受到次貸危機的衝擊可能下修，但龐大的內需市場相對受到的衝擊較小，仍可維繫經濟的持續成長，預估2009年經濟成長仍可維持在8%以上(參見附錄C)。 第二，大陸經濟規模大，相較於過去承辦奧運的小國家而言，症候群相對較小(參見附錄D)，且北京佔全中國人口只有1%左右，佔全中國GDP的比重也不到5%，在奧運後陷入不景氣的機率相對降低。第三，大陸當局政策調整的靈活度大，從過去強調嚴控通膨，轉為強調優先維持「平穩較快」的經濟成長，並維持抑制通膨的力道。同時，最近大陸放寬對中小企業融資、紡織品、成衣出口退稅重新上調等措施，均有助於緩和外部經濟情勢之逆轉。透過實證分析，本研究得出2008年北京奧運之後，北京房地產之成長力道勢必降溫，但還不致於泡沫化。 2008年北京奧運之後，大陸經濟的問題，看似房市的泡沫化，其實不是類似於日本的流動性過剩問題，本質上大陸屬於二元經濟，地方政府的創GDP工程，例如國企、形象工程、基礎建設工程等過熱，故要有一定程度的限制與保護，但民企過冷，政府誤認是流動性過剩，進行宏觀調控，反而加速二元經濟，使過冷的民企部門更冷。在北京奧運結束之後，中共把振興經濟的重心放在刺激內需。本研究預期，最有可能從大陸內需新政中受惠的產業首推動住房等產業，官方可能以補貼經濟房與雙限房(指限制售價及建築面積的房子)的做法，滿足中下階層民眾的居住需求，但北京當局只增加經濟房供給量，相關救市措施可能性不大，短期內宜先觀望。 摩根史丹利在2008年所發表的研究報告指出，中國大陸房地產市場崩潰(即價格與成交量大幅下跌)的可能性高，房地產商減價促銷的情況已經在大陸多個主要城市出現，大陸房地產市場在2008年上半年遭受嚴峻考驗，預估2008下半年也難有突破。地產企業除了出現獲利顯著下滑之外，也可能面臨嚴重的償付能力困難，但大陸房地產市場長期仍然看好。 大陸房地產在歷經五年的快速成長之後，如今已面臨調整期。2008年1至6月大陸房屋銷售面積達2兆5892萬平方公尺，比2007年同期下降7.2%。目前大陸的房價還很高，一般老百姓仍買不起房子，房價還會再大幅下調，只要房價下來之後，銷售量自然會上去，過去幾年大陸的房地產發展太快，對資源造成嚴重的排擠效應。 目前大陸營建業正處於水深火熱的境地，房地產行業發展到2008年，所面臨的最大困難就是缺錢，從所有上市房地產公司的報告就可以清礎地看出來。大陸房地產業缺錢的主要原因有四點，一是國際形勢不好，房地產商的境外融資計劃基本上全部泡湯；二是大陸國內實行緊縮貨弊政策，對房地產行業控制得更緊；三是開發商過去兩年不理智地爭地王，大搞土地儲備，錢花過了頭；四是2008年初以來，全大陸房屋成交量急遽下滑，至2008年8月底已下滑近50%，這一點是最重要的因素。 大陸房地產在未來可能出現五種情況， 一是失業率上升；二是住宅打折求售，但成交量急遽萎縮。住宅市場從來都是買漲不買跌；三是地方政府的出讓金收入大幅度減少；四是住宅開發商萎縮、虧損、被併購，甚至破產；五是銀行的金融安全，受到房貸申請人停止還款，和住宅開發商的不良貸款的雙重威脅。 目前當務之急，是要給市場信心，官方應儘快鬆綁房地產行業貸款，解除綑綁房地產行業的各種枷鎖，惟有如此，未來大陸的房地產市場才能長期看好。 房地產景氣循環，大致是5至7年，預估今年與明年都不會有大行情；不過這段時間正好是佈局的最佳時機，保留現金，逢低強進土地與良好的專案，才有可能在下一波大多頭循環時，有所表現，但好的標地物，大都需要資金、機會與時間的等待，往往是可遇而不可求。而不論是募集資金，或是組織資產管理公司，目前宜處於熱身階段，等市場更為積弱不振，得以花費更少力氣適時進場，快穩準狠兼備，成為有如獅子在草原稱霸一般的房市超級贏家。 / To correct some unhealthy development in the Mainland China’s economic structure, especially the overheated investment in the real estate industry, which could cause huge harm to Mainland China’s economy. Mainland China has started macro economic control since the second half of 2003.Those financial and monetary policies have been set to control land and credit, by using flexible-exchange rate, higher interest etc.Thus at the same time all new changes will take place in real estate market , in addition to new threats. We know it is very important for Beijing housing enterprises to understand the law of real estate and get in line with its new changes.In this paper,by combining analysis of its particularity and Porter’s five force analysis, the researcher design a model of Beijing real estate industry structure.With this model, the researcher analyzed the common factors of Beiing real estate contruction companies.We can see it is sure that the Mainland China government wants to control macro economy to keep housing price stable, and not heating the real estate market. By contrastively analyzing development experience of other countries and areas in relation to real estate, we hope we can find the solutions for the Mainland China .We also hope to identify the connection between real estate and industrialization, urbanization, consumption level, and average GDP.On one hand, we analyze city planning of Beijing.On the other hand we balance between gross supply and demand in real estate.With the globalization of the world economy, we also discuss that more overseas investment are getting into Beijing’s real estate market . By constructing the strategic model, we can establish suitable development strategy or implementation.We can learn from inside and outside real estate companies, and in dramatic competition, the research hope some modern strategic management theory can be applied to those Beijing real estate companies.