Fatores ambientais e econômicos impulsionam mundialmente a produção de biocombustíveis. No Brasil, o etanol, produzido da cana-de-açúcar, já é um biocombustível estabelecido e substitui ca. 40% da gasolina, representando 13% do total de energia necessária para transportes. Nesse cenário, o Rio Grande do Sul (RS) é um grande comprador de etanol, tendo produzido nos últimos anos apenas 2% do consumo estadual de etanol hidratado combustível. O estado também consome em média 600 milhões de litros de etanol anidro por ano, adicionados na proporção de 25% à gasolina comum, e, a partir de 2010, 460 milhões de litros de etanol por ano para a produção de polietileno verde. Essa conjuntura demonstra uma oportunidade para aumentar a produção local de etanol. O presente trabalho buscou primeiramente avaliar a viabilidade da produção de etanol no Rio Grande do Sul em um modelo de microusinas descentralizadas (ca. 1.000 L.dia-1). Para tanto, foram empregados os indicadores econômicos, como valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno de investimento e tempo de retorno de investimento. Foram comparados cenários que empregaram apenas cana-de-açúcar e combinações de cana-de-açúcar, sorgo sacarino, mandioca e batata-doce. A utilização de cana-de-açúcar sem o consórcio com outra cultura se mostrou inviável, exceto quando mais de 40% ou 80% da produção, para as produtividades de 80 e 50 t.ha-1 respectivamente, é destinada ao consumo próprio. Entre os cenários com combinação de culturas, aqueles que combinaram sorgo com cana-de-açúcar e sorgo com batata-doce foram os únicos que se mostraram viáveis quando toda a produção foi destina à venda para terceiros. Quando produtividades médias de cana-de-açúcar próximas a 80 t.ha-1 podem ser alcançadas, verificou-se que a combinação dessa cultura com sorgo sacarino apresentou o melhor potencial entre os cenários avaliados. Já para regiões onde esses valores não são atingidos, o consórcio de sorgo sacarino e batata-doce se mostrou a melhor opção. Posteriormente, foram realizados experimentos em shaker para estudar a influência da concentração de substrato e da proporção de enzima na hidrólise a frio da batata-doce, determinar o melhor pré-tratamento, verificar a necessidade de suplementação do meio e do controle de pH na condução das hidrólises e fermentações simultâneas e finalmente testar a melhor condição em biorreator. Para hidrolisar o amido, empregou a mistura de enzimas Stargen™ 002 e, para suplementar o meio, o fertilizante NITROFOS KL. Em todos os experimentos, usou-se a cultivar BRS Cuia, cuja caracterização indicou teor de carboidratos de 28,7%, possibilitando a produção de 185 L.t-1 de etanol e 7.400 L. ha-1. A metodologia de superfície de resposta indicou a condição 200 g.L-1 de batata-doce e 45 GAU.g de batata–doce-1 como a que apresentou o melhor compromisso entre alta taxa de formação de glicose na primeira hora (8,3 g.L-1.h-1) e baixo consumo de enzimas. O pré-tratamento de uma hora que levou a maior concentração de glicose (14,3 g.L-1) foi na temperatura de 52°C na presença da mistura de enzimas. O estudo da hidrólise e fermentação simultâneas mostrou que a suplementação do meio não apresenta influência significativa, enquanto o controle de pH aumentou em aproximadamente 40% a produção de etanol. Os testes em biorreator reproduziram os resultados anteriores mesmo sendo realizados em ambiente semiestéril, que se aproxima da condição industrial. / In Brazil, sugarcane ethanol is already a reality as a biofuel and replaces 40% of gasoline, meaning 13% of energy for transportation. In this scenario, Rio Grande do Sul has produced only 2% of the annual demand for hydrate ethanol in the last years; therefore it is a big importer of ethanol from other states. Additionally, it consumes every year 600 million liters of anhydrous ethanol mixed in the gasoline and 460 million liters for production of green plastic. These numbers highlight the opportunity of producing ethanol locally. In regard to these facts, the present work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing ethanol in small scale plants (ca. 1 000 L.dia-1) in Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, economic indicators, such as net present value, internal rate of return and payback period were employed. The compared scenarios involved combinations of sugar cane, sweet sorghum, cassava and sweet potato. When only sugarcane was used, the scenarios for 80 and 50 t.ha-1 were unfeasible if less than 40% or 80% of the production, respectively, was used by the own producer. Regarding the scenarios with mix of crops, the mix of sweet sorghum with sugar cane and sweet sorghum with sweet potato presented the best performances. For regions, where 80 t.ha-1 of sugar cane productivity can be achieved, it was verified that the first combination leads to the best result. For other regions, the combination of sweet sorghum and sweet potato presented itself as the more feasible scenario. As a consequence, in the second part of this work, the cold hydrolysis and fermentation of sweet potato was experimentally studied. For that, it was employed the sweet potato strain BRS Cuia, whose carbohydrate level reaches 28,7%. What it can be translated into a potential to produce 185 L.t-1 ethanol, or equivalently 7 400 L. ha-1. The enzymes blend adopted for the hydrolysis stage was Stargen™ 002, while the fertilizer NITROFOS KL was used for fermentation medium supplementation. The surface response method indicated 200 g.L-1 of sweet potato and 45 GAU.g of sweet potato-1 as the best balance between high glucose formation rate in the first hour (8,3 g.L-1.h-1) and low enzyme consume. The one hour pre-treatment that achieved the highest glucose concentration (14,3 g.L-1) was at 52°C in the presence of the enzymes blend. The study of the simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation showed that the medium supplementation has no significant effect over the fermentation performance, while the pH control is beneficial, improving the ethanol production in 40%. Finally, the tests in bioreactor could reproduce the previous results, even though the experiments were carried out non-sterilely.

O uso de aditivos em dietas tem sido recomendado para controlar os problemas relacionados ao desmame precoce e melhorar o desempenho dos leitões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da inclusão do sorbitol em dietas complexas de leitões recémdesmamados sobre o desempenho, a frequência de diarreia, a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes, a morfometria dos órgãos e a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 120 leitões recém-desmamados (6,22 ± 0,28 kg) em um experimento em blocos completos casualizados (definidos pelo peso inicial e sexo), com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições (blocos) por tratamento e três animais por unidade experimental (baia). Os tratamentos foram: dieta basal com 120 ppm de clorohidroxiquinolina e dieta basal com 0, 1, 1,5 ou 2% de sorbitol. Para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e da energia, foi utilizado o método da coleta parcial de fezes. Ao final do experimento, foi abatido um animal de cada baia para avaliação da morfometria dos órgãos. De maneira geral, a inclusão de até 2,0% de sorbitol em dietas complexas de leitões recém-desmamados não afeta (P>0,05) o desempenho dos animais, a ocorrência de diarreia, a morfometria dos órgãos, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e a viabilidade econômica, enquanto que o uso do antimicrobiano clorohidroxiquinolina prejudica o desempenho (P<0,05) e aumenta (P<0,01) o custo de produção dos leitões em fase de creche. / Feed additives have been recommended to overcome early weaning problems and to improve pig performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, apparent digestibility of nutrients, organs morphometry and economic feasibility of weanling pigs fed complex diets containing sorbitol. One hundred and twenty weanling pigs (6.22 ± 0.28 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replications (blocks) per treatment and three pigs per experimental unit (pen). The treatments were: basal diet with 120 ppm of chlorhydroxyquinoline or basal diet with 0, 1, 1.5 or 2% of sorbitol. The marker method was used in digestibility assay. At the end of experimental period, one animal per experimental unit was slaughtered to evaluate of organs morphometry. Overall, dietary added sorbitol up to 2.0% in weanling pig complex diet does not affect (P>0.05) growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, apparent digestibility of nutrients, organs morphometry and economic feasibility, while the antimicrobial agent chlorhydroxyquinoline depresses (P<0.05) growth performance and increases (P<0.01) the cost per kilogram of weight gain of weanling pig.

Transitioning to a low-carbon energy system includes deploying renewables such as wind power, which has been installed in Sweden since the 1980s. After a 20 to 25-year lifetime, a wind turbine´s end-of-life options come into play, therefore many of the turbines deployed in Sweden prior to 2011 will reach this mark by 2035. To utilize a site´s wind resource in the best possible way, full repowering is considered in an assessment of seven case studies in Swedish municipalities with the highest deployed pre-2011 wind power capacity. Each case study uses various turbine models to evaluate full repowering scenarios. The most profitable scenarios are estimated through the investment over production (I/P) value and the break-even electricity price. The identified municipalities’ comprehensive plans are reviewed in terms of repowering strategies and wind power deployment guidelines. Only three out of seven investigated municipalities consider repowering in comprehensive plans, with Gotland being best prepared in terms of repowering strategies. Strömsund and Eslöv mention repowering in their comprehensive plans with no specific guidelines. Restrictive policies were identified in the municipality of Laholm, where the maximum total height of turbines is 150m, decreasing the potential annual energy production of an analyzed case study by 64%. The municipalities of Falkenberg, Laholm, Piteå, and Åsele do not include repowering in their comprehensive plans. All the simulated repowering scenarios increased the annual energy production of the identified sites by up to 73%, lowered the number of turbines by up to 70%, decreased the wake losses by up to 77%, and decreased the noise level by 10% while increasing the potential shadow flicker by 19%. The results of the study indicate a possible divide between the intention of the municipalities of Eslöv, Strömsund, and Åsele to maximize energy production from wind power at each exploited site on the one hand and the business cases that developers face on the other. The results suggest the turbines which increase energy production the most at already developed sites, are not necessarily the ones with the lowest investment over production (I/P) value or the lowest break-even electricity price.

To meet the energy targets and improve the lack of power and higher prices in southern Sweden, the amount of electricity must increase, and alternative fuel sources be introduced. This thesis examines the techno-economic feasibility of offshore wind-hydrogen production in southern Sweden, depending on whether an onshore- or offshore hydrogen system is used, and how grid connection subsidies would affect this. New research and development regarding the subjects were analyzed and reviewed. A project that has currently applied for a permit in southern Sweden, Skåne Offshore Wind Park, was used as a case study where the information from the review and data from similar parks were used to determine the cost and production for the two different systems. The costs were then adjusted according to the three different subsidy scenarios: current with no subsidies, partial with sea cable and transformer costs removed, or a full subsidy scenario where only the internal grid cost remained to achieve feasible levelized costs for electricity and hydrogen based on a discount rate of 6% and a lifetime of 25 years. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed.   The results showed that market competitive electricity prices are only achieved with an onshore hydrogen system- and only if a full subsidy is introduced or if a best-case scenario is applied. In a worst-case scenario, no competitive electricity prices were achieved. For the offshore hydrogen system, the extra fuel system is too inefficient for electricity production. For hydrogen, prices were achieved within a reasonable price range of green hydrogen for all scenarios, where the onshore hydrogen system was 4% more advantageous. In a best-case scenario, competitive values ​​even against blue hydrogen were achieved for the offshore hydrogen systems and for the full subsidy onshore hydrogen system. For hydrogen, the offshore hydrogen system's hydrogen prices were competitive regardless of subsidies, however this system had the highest CAPEX and OPEX costs.   The results of the study underline the need for fixed conditions but also the necessity of introducing a full subsidy for the grid connection cost - or best-case scenario conditions - to encourage further offshore wind power development.

This thesis presents the potential of biogas production using food waste collected from the region of Kartamantul in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biogas can be used for cooking and generating electricity. The study compares two different end uses or markets for utilizing the biogas in the region. The daily food waste collected in the region of Kartamantul is 120 tonnes. This corresponds to a daily biogas production of 13 087 m3. Electricity generated from biogas can replace fossil-based coal electricity while cooking biogas can substitute the common fossil fuel liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The price for selling one kWh of electricity to the state owned enterprise PLN is 16.5 USD cents. The price for selling one m3 of biogas for cooking is 38.5 USD cents, which is equivalent to the available price of LPG. The study finds that the avoided emission due to the substitution of fossil-based coal electricity and cooking LPG-gas is around 64 GgCO2-eq per year. Considering the economical results for a life span of 20 years in the first utilization option Biogas for Electricity gives a net present value (NPV) of 2 MUSD while for the utilization option Biogas for Cooking gives a net present value (NPV) of 5.82 MUSD. The breakeven for Biogas for Electricity is 13.8 USD cents per kWhe while for Biogas for Cooking is 25.5 USD cents per m3-biogas. The study concludes that it is feasible to invest in AD plant in the region of Kartamantul where both markets are profitable and environmentally friendly. / Denna avhandling visar potentialen för biogasproduktion med hjälp av matavfall som samlats från regionen Kartamantul i Yogyakarta, Indonesien. Biogas kan användas för matlagning och elproduktion. Studien jämför två olika slutanvändningar eller marknader för att utnyttja biogasen i regionen. Det dagliga matavfallet som samlas i regionen Kartamantul är 120 ton. Detta motsvarar en daglig biogasproduktion på 13 087 m3. Elektricitet som genereras från biogas kan ersätta fossilbaserad koldioxid, medan tillagning av biogas kan ersätta det gemensamma fossila bränslet flytande petroleumgas (LPG). Priset för att sälja en kWh el till det statligt ägda företaget PLN är 16,5 USD cent. Priset för att sälja en m3 biogas för matlagning är 38,5 USD cent, vilket motsvarar det tillgängliga priset på LPG. Studien konstaterar att den undvikna utsläppet på grund av substitutionen av fossilbaserad kolkraft och matlagning av gasol är cirka 64 GgCO2-ekv per år. Med tanke på de ekonomiska resultaten för en livslängd på 20 år i det första utnyttjandegradet ger Biogas for Electricity ett nettopåverkande värde (NPV) på 2 MUSD medan för utnyttjandegraden Biogas for Cooking ger ett nettoförskott (NPV) på 5,82 MUSD. Breakeven för biogas för el är 13,8 USD cent per kWhe medan för Biogas for Cooking är 25,5 USD cent per m3-biogas. Studien drar slutsatsen att det är möjligt att investera i AD-anläggningar i regionen Kartamantul där båda marknaderna är lönsamma och miljövänliga.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка и приложений. В работе рассмотрен финансово-экономический проект по созданию комплекса объектов для IT-компании на территории села Патруши (Сысертский городской округ, Свердловская область). Проанализирована территория расположения рассматриваемого земельного участка, рассмотрен мировой опыт создания объектов для IT-индустрии, сформирована концепция развития территории на основе разработанного мастер-плана. Сформирован бюджет проекта, рассчитаны показатели экономической эффективности проекта. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography, and appendices. The work considers a financial and economic project to create a complex of facilities for an IT-company in the village of Patrushi (Sysert urban district, Sverdlovsk region). The location of the site has been analyzed, international experience in creating facilities for the IT-industry has been considered, a concept of territory development on the basis of the master plan has been formed. The budget of the project was formed and the indicators of economic efficiency of the project were calculated. The conclusion formulates the main conclusions and summarizes the results of the study.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка и приложений. В работе рассмотрено обоснование финансово-экономического проекта создания ледового дворца с применением smart-технологий в городе Заречный, Свердловская область. Проанализирована территория расположения рассматриваемого объекта, рассмотрены smart-технологии, применяемые в сфере спорта и разработаны концепция и финансово-экономическая модель проекта по созданию ледового комплекса с применением механизма государственно-частного партнерства при финансировании проекта. Сформирован бюджет проекта, рассчитаны интегральные показатели экономической эффективности проекта. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / The Master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliographic list and appendices. The paper considers the rationale for the financial and economic project of creating an ice palace using smart technologies in the city of Zarechny, Sverdlovsk region. The territory of the location of the object under consideration is analyzed, smart technologies used in the field of sports are considered, and the concept and financial and economic model of the project for the creation of an ice complex using the mechanism of public-private partnership in financing the project are developed. The project budget has been formed, integral indicators of the economic efficiency of the project have been calculated. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formulated and the results of the study are summarized.

The combination of Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) can reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is, therefore, seen as an interesting tool in the CO2 abatement portfolio. In a Swedish context, BECCS could contribute to the goal of CO2 neutrality by 2045. This thesis aims to investigate the application of BECCS in the district heating system of Stockholm region with a case study at the energy utility Fortum Värme. The focus of the study is the technical and economic feasibility of such an application. The applicability of Fortum Värme´s plants to implement carbon capture is investigated together with costs and technical implications on each applicable plant and the district heating system as a whole. Three plants are deemed feasible for carbon capture with a cost of about 45€/tonne of captured CO2 (not including transport or storage). A model for transport of CO2 to promising storage sites in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark is constructed for transport by pipeline and ship. Ship transport is estimated to be the most cost-efficient option in all scenarios. The total cost for BECCS is calculated at 70-100€/tonne depending on size of emissions and distance to storage locations. Furthermore, the total cost is calculated to decrease by 10-25% if some current promising technologies for carbon capture reach maturity, a market for transport services of CO2 evolves, and a number of actors are sharing the costs for storage.Calculated costs are on a similar price level as other CO2 abatement strategies such as CCS in industries, biogas, and biodiesel in the vehicle fleet. If the cost is applied directly to the heat price, without any subsidies, it would increase the price of heat by 14-21%.The major challenge of BECCS in combined heat and power production, compared to other studies based on power production, is the seasonality of heat demand. The capacity of the carbon capture system will be oversized during the summer, or undersized during the winter. This is an optimization challenge which has to be further studied.

As descargas atmosféricas causam prejuízos às concessionárias de energia elétrica, aos consumidores e à sociedade como um todo. Diferentes métodos podem ser utilizados para melhorar a confiabilidade do sistema elétrico e a qualidade da energia fornecida aos consumidores. Entretanto, as sobretensões atmosféricas variam em função de diversos parâmetros, de modo que a eficácia de determinada alternativa de proteção depende não apenas da configuração da rede, mas também das características da região, especialmente da densidade de descargas atmosféricas e da resistividade do solo. Consequentemente a relação custo-benefício correspondente a cada alternativa também depende das características de cada região. É importante, portanto, dispor de um modelo para realizar essas avaliações levando em conta todos os fatores envolvidos no processo, de forma a auxiliar as empresas de energia na tomada de decisões sobre investimentos em proteção contra descargas atmosféricas. Entretanto, modelos de análise de viabilidade que permitam a obtenção de conclusões econômicas amplas para dar suporte à tomada de decisões não são normalmente utilizados em função da complexidade dos fenômenos associados às descargas atmosféricas e à dificuldade na construção de modelagens econômicas neste contexto. Para preencher esta lacuna, este trabalho propõe um modelo para análise do custo e benefício da implantação de sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas em redes de distribuição considerando os investimentos, a redução da indisponibilidade e os custos evitados para a distribuidora e a sociedade. A análise financeira é feita com base na taxa interna de retorno dos investimentos e na razão entre custos e benefícios, o que facilita a análise de sensibilidade e permite determinar as condições nas quais a alternativa será viável. O modelo considera a indisponibilidade de energia e a inconfiabilidade do sistema a partir dos indicadores de duração equivalente de interrupção por unidade consumidora (DEC) e da frequência equivalente de interrupção por unidade consumidora (FEC), respectivamente. Os custos evitados devido à redução da indisponibilidade são tratados como benefícios. É utilizado para analisar as condições nas quais a aplicação de um determinado método de proteção em uma determinada rede é técnica e economicamente viável. Faz-se também uma análise de sensibilidade, sendo discutidas as influências de vários parâmetros nas relações custo-benefício correspondentes às regiões estudadas. O que na realidade não limita o modelo à análise de investimentos para melhoria do desempenho de redes de distribuição frente a descargas atmosféricas, mostrou-se prático e de grande utilidade na tomada de decisões quanto à realização de determinado investimento considerando as características da região e a efetividade do método de proteção analisado. / Lightning causes damages and losses to power companies, consumers, and the society as a whole. Different methods can be used to improve the power quality and the reliability of the electrical system. However, lightning overvoltages depend upon several parameters, so that the effectiveness of a certain protection alternative depends not only on the network configuration but also on the characteristics of the region, especially the ground flash density and the soil resistivity. Consequently, the cost-benefit ratio corresponding to each alternative depends also on the characteristics of each region. It is important, therefore, that the model for conducting these assessments be capable of taking into account all the factors involved in the process so that it can assist power companies in making decisions on investments in lightning protection. However, models of feasibility analysis that enable to obtain broad economic conclusions to support decision-making are not normally used due to the complexity of the phenomena associated with lightning overvoltages and the difficulty in constructing economic models in this context. For this reason this work proposes a model for the analysis of the cost and benefit of the implantation of lightning protection systems in distribution networks considering the investments, the reduction of the unavailability, and the costs avoided for the distribution power company and the society. The financial analysis is based on the internal rate of return on investments and the cost-benefit ratio, which facilitates the sensitivity analysis and allows for the determination of the conditions under which the alternative will be feasible. The model considers the energy unavailability and the unreliability of the system from the indicators of equivalent duration of interruption per consumer unit (DEC) and the equivalent frequency of interruption per consumer unit (FEC), respectively. The costs avoided due to the reduction of unavailability are treated as benefits. The model is used to analyze the conditions under which the application of a given protection method in a given network is technically and economically feasible. A sensitivity analysis is also done and the influences of several parameters on the cost-benefit ratios corresponding to the regions studied are discussed. However the model, which actually is not limited to the analysis of investments to improve the lightning performance of power distribution networks, has proved to be practical and very useful in the decision-makingregarding the realization of a given investment taking into account the characteristics of the region and the effectiveness of the protection method analyzed.

Esta dissertação analisa a viabilidade técnico-econômica de pequenas centrais de cogeração a gás natural no setor terciário do estado de São Paulo, os estudos de cogeração foram baseados em casos reais de estabelecimentos comerciais dos principais segmentos do setor terciário com demanda elétrica e térmica compatível ao balanço energético para a configuração de cogeração. A análise dos resultados inclui o fator de utilização de energia (FUE), investimentos iniciais, economia operacional (fluxo de caixa), retorno dos investimentos (Payback), taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e valor presente líquido (VPL). As tecnologias empregadas nos estudos foram gerador do tipo Motor a Combustão Interna (MCI) e Microturbina (TG), resfriador de líquido por absorção (ABS) e resfriador de líquido elétrico convencional. Foi realizada análise do potencial de mercado para aplicação de cogeração através do mapeamento dos principais segmentos do setor terciário e realizado o levantamento do estado da arte. Foram estudadas as legislações brasileiras tanto no que se refere à cogeração qualificada como geração distribuída, realizado análise de emissões com destaque ao comparativo entre emissão de CO2 das centrais de cogeração e a emissão de CO2 das termelétricas a gás natural. Foi realizado estudo do cenário energético brasileiro do ponto de vista geração e distribuição de energia elétrica, cenário da oferta de gás natural no Brasil e a sua estrutura de distribuição no estado de São Paulo e, por fim, foram destacados os benefícios e barreiras da cogeração no Brasil. Os resultados alcançados apontam para um revés na viabilidade financeira da cogeração devido aos consecutivos aumentos no preço da tarifa de gás natural, apesar de bastante racional e com benefícios diretos ao meio ambiente e ao país, fazem-se necessários incentivos específicos relacionados à tarifa do gás natural para o crescimento da aplicação de cogeração no setor terciário do estado de São Paulo. / This dissertation examines the technical and economic feasibility of small cogeneration plants powered by natural gas in the tertiary sector of the state of São Paulo. Cogeneration studies were based on real cases of commercial facilities of the main segments of the tertiary sector with electrical and thermal demands compatible for energy usage in cogeneration configuration. The analysis results include energy utilization factor (EUF), initial investments, operational savings (cash flow), return on investment (payback), internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The technologies investigated in the study were Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Microturbine (TG) generator, absorption chiller (ABS) and conventional electrical chiller. It was carried out an analysis of the potential market for application of cogeneration by mapping the main segments of the tertiary sector and conducted a survey of the state of the art. Brazilian laws were studied both with regard to qualified cogeneration and distributed generation, performed emissions analysis with emphasis on the comparative between CO2 emission from cogeneration plant and CO2 emission from power plants by natural gas. It was made a study of Brazilian energy scenario from the viewpoint of generating and distributing of electricity, scenario of supply of natural gas in Brazil and its distribution structure in the São Paulo state and, finally, it was appointed the benefits and barriers of cogeneration in Brazil. The results indicate a setback on the financial viability of cogeneration due to consecutive increases in the price of natural gas, although quite rational and with direct benefits to the environment and the country, it\'s necessary specific incentives related to the natural gas price for the growth of the application of cogeneration in the tertiary sector of the state of São Paulo.