Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paz_fm_me_mar.pdf: 1081825 bytes, checksum: a8dd2c5643ec6282502a45dfa5d8224c (MD5) / Principalmente a partir da década de 1990, por força das ações de organismos internacionais e do processo de reestruturação econômica dos países latinoamericanos, a implantação de políticas de avaliação externa em larga escala, buscando sintetizar em elementos quantitativos toda a abrangência de um conceito polissêmico como o de “qualidade” tem trazido à tona entre os pesquisadores e profissionais da educação, inúmeros questionamentos sobre a sua efetividade. Partindo desta constatação, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as principais causas que desencadearam, segundo o Ministério da Educação, a melhoria da qualidade da educação no município paulista de Santa Fé do Sul, que obteve em nível nacional, a maior evolução no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) entre 2005 e 2007, alcançando níveis educacionais comparáveis a de países desenvolvidos. Efetuamos uma breve discussão de questões fundamentais como políticas educacionais, avaliação externa, indicadores de qualidade, e, por último, gestão educacional e escolar, de modo que esta pesquisa organizou-se como um estudo de caso, sustentada na abordagem quanti-qualitativa, para identificar quais foram os elementos importantes que favoreceram os avanços obtidos por cinco escolas municipais de Santa de Santa Fé do Sul, especificamente nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de fontes documentais, entrevista semiestruturada com gestores e docentes e questionários de múltipla escolha para os pais, de modo a investigar sob o enfoque da gestão do sistema educacional e da gestão escolar, quais os projetos, implementações pedagógicas e curriculares, ações político-educativas e de infraestrutura, ocasionaram, potencialmente, considerável... / Mainly from the 1990s, under the actions of international organizations and the process of economic restructuration of Latin America, the implementation of policies for largescale external evaluation, seeking to synthesize quantitative elements in the entire scope of a polysemy concept as “quality”, has brought among researchers and education professionals, many questions about its effectiveness. Starting from this observation, this study aimed to analyze the main causes that led, according to the Ministry of Education, the progress of quality to education in the city of Santa Fé do Sul, which won at the national level further progress to the Basic Education of development index (IDEB) in 2005 and 2007, reaching levels of education comparable to developed countries. We have conducted a brief discussion of key issues such as education policies, external evaluation, quality indicators and, lastly, administration of school, so this research was organized as a “case study”, based on quantitative and qualitative approach to identify which were the important factors that favor the progress made by five public schools in Santa fé do Sul, specifically in the early years of elementary school. The data was collected through documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with administrators and teachers, and multiple-choice questionnaires to parents in order to investigate the standpoint of managing the educational and schools, which designs the implementation and educational curricular activities and educational and political infrastructure, resulted in potentially significant increase in IDEB 2007 compared to 2005. The results showed that although the IDEB tries to associate the quality of education in the perspective of the actors themselves, through innovation and reinterpretation produced... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DallianeVPA_DISSERT.pdf: 1391094 bytes, checksum: 0a2c3c9e3f5f091c5852dbdf71e9a6a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis aims at analyzing from the perspective of the manager the importance of the use of quality management tools and concepts in Federal Universities. It was motivated by the following research problem: do Federal University managers consider it to be relevant the quality management in their institution? Therefore, we sought to gather evidence for a satisfactory approach that addresses the complexity of the topic researched: quality, higher education and quality management systems. We chose to adopt an applied study, the exploratory-descriptive research as to the objective and the quantitative and qualitative research as to the approach to the problem. The object of study is composed by the Planning Provosts of Federal Universities listed in the University Ranking Sheet - (RUF) in 2013. We chose to restrict the sample listing only the provosts of the 20 best-placed universities in the ranking of the Federal Universities. The research instrument was composed of 26 questions, of which 6 questions were designed to identify the profile of the manager, 16 questions of perception (manifested variables) on the importance of quality management in the University, where the managers assigned values (answers) to the affirmatives (that address the main topic of this thesis) based on a Likert scale of 5 points, and 4 open and optional questions, in order to identify general management practices used. It was used for statistical analysis (data analysis) descriptive and factorial statistics. The responses collected through the questionnaire portray the managers? perception regarding the importance of quality management in their institutions. Sixteen variables were addressed, the results of factor analysis of importance were "Important" and "Very Important", where the variable (V2) was "Important" and all others "Very important." With this information, it is possible to prioritize some areas that deserve immediate action. As it was observed that some variables are "Very important" for the vast majority of managers, others did not show the same result as example (V2, V10, V11). It is concluded that the manager?s perception of quality management in his or her institution is relevant, but the same importance is not given to quality programs implemented in other segments of the economy, and that, despite the advancements offered by SINAES, the model does not evaluate the institution in a global way. Thus, with the results, it is expected to contribute to the advancement of the subject, trying to arouse interest from the managers of Federal Universities in the subject, emphasizing the importance of quality management systems as a necessary tool to raise the institutional quality / import?ncia do uso de ferramentas e conceitos da Gest?o da qualidade nas Universidades Federais, que foi motivado pelo seguinte problema de pesquisa: os gestores das Universidades Federais consideram relevante a gest?o da qualidade na sua institui??o? Para tanto, buscou-se reunir elementos para uma abordagem satisfat?ria que contemple a complexidade da tem?tica pesquisada: qualidade, ensino superior e sistemas de gest?o da qualidade. Optou-se por adotar um estudo aplicado, a pesquisa explorat?rio-descritiva quanto ao objetivo e a pesquisa quali-quanti quanto ? abordagem do problema. O objeto de estudo ? composto pelos Pr?-reitores de Planejamento das Universidades Federais, relacionadas no Ranking Universit?rio Folha (RUF) no ano de 2013. Optou-se por restringir a amostra relacionando apenas os pr?-reitores das 20 Universidades Federais mais bem colocadas no Ranking. O instrumento de pesquisa foi composto de 26 quest?es, das quais 6 quest?es destinadas a identifica??o do perfil do gestor, 16 quest?es de percep??o (vari?veis manifestas) sobre a import?ncia da gest?o da qualidade na Universidade, em que os gestores atribu?ram valores (respostas) para as afirmativas (que abordam a tem?tica central dessa disserta??o) compostas com base na escala Likert de 5 pontos, e 4 quest?es abertas e opcional, com objetivo de identificar de forma geral as pr?ticas de gest?o utilizadas. Utilizou-se como m?todo estat?stico (an?lise de dados), a estat?stica descritiva e fatorial. As respostas coletadas por meio do question?rio retrata a percep??o que os gestores tem em rela??o a import?ncia da gest?o da qualidade em suas Institui??es. Foram abordadas 16 vari?veis, os resultados da an?lise fatorial da import?ncia, foram ―Importante‖ e ―Muito importante‖, onde a vari?vel (V2) foi ―Importante‖ e todas as outras, ―Muito importante‖. Em posse dessas informa??es ? poss?vel priorizar algumas ?reas que merecem medidas imediatas. Assim como foi poss?vel observar que algumas vari?veis s?o ―Muito importante‖ para a grande maioria dos gestores, outras n?o apresentaram o mesmo resultado como exemplo (V2, V10, V11).Conclui-se que na percep??o do gestor ? gest?o da qualidade na sua institui??o ? relevante, contudo a mesma import?ncia n?o ? dada aos programas de qualidade implantados em outros segmentos da economia, e que apesar dos avan?os proporcionados pelo SINAES, o modelo n?o avalia a Institui??o de uma forma global. Assim, de posse dos resultados, espera-se contribuir com o avan?o do tema, tentando despertar o interesse dos gestores das Universidades Federais pelo assunto, ressaltando a import?ncia dos sistemas de gest?o da qualidade como instrumento necess?rio para elevar a qualidade institucional

This dissertation assesses the role of education quality in the convergence process of GDP per capita through teacher\'s quality impact in human capital formation. The simple two-period OLG model suggests initial level of teacher\'s human capital is important to explain non-convergence, even when education quality return is decreasing. This non-convergence arises because an initially low level of teachers\' human capital translates into a low level of human capital transferred to students, which means a low level of teachers\' human capital in the next period, and so on. This work, therefore, provides an alternative explanation of why countries income does not converge, even when differences in other inputs are not accounted for / Esta dissertação analisa o papel da qualidade da educação no processo de convergência do PIB per capita através do impacto da qualidade de professores na formação de capital humano. O modelo de gerações sobrepostas proposto sugere que o nível inicial de capital humano dos professores é importante para explicar o fenômeno da não-convergência, mesmo quando o retorno marginal da qualidade da educação é decrescente. Esta não-convergência surge porque um baixo nível inicial de capital humano dos professores se traduz em um baixo nível de capital humano transferido aos alunos, o que significa um baixo nível de capital humano dos professores no próximo período, e assim por diante. Este trabalho, portanto, fornece uma explicação alternativa do porquê não se observa convergência de renda entre países, mesmo quando as diferenças de outros fatores de produção não são levadas em conta.

A formação permanente de professores é hoje uma medida de qualificação inquestionável, apoiada na preocupação de se construir caminhos alternativos que possibilitem à educação atingir níveis de qualidade compatíveis às expectativas e demandas sociais. Dentre os problemas que envolvem o cenário educacional brasileiro no século XXI, podem ser citadas a própria configuração social deste início de século, os baixos salários atribuídos aos professores, a feminização do magistério, a proletarização, a descaracterização e desvalorização da carreira docente, a carência na infraestrutura da escola pública e os múltiplos problemas de ordem relacional que permeiam a educação escolar. A formação de professores aparece como um aspecto fundamental com vistas à superação de tais problemas e se configura como formação inicial e formação na modalidade em serviço, ou formação permanente, como é tratada no município de Diadema. Com vistas à compreensão desta segunda modalidade de formação, estudaram-se autores que pesquisam os saberes docentes a partir das reuniões escolares como mecanismo de formação de uma cultura colaborativa na escola. O foco de investigação do trabalho foi a formação permanente dos professores da rede pública municipal de Diadema no período compreendido entre 1993 e 2011. Para tanto, a pesquisa concretizou-se em duas etapas: uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo, mediante a utilização da metodologia estudo de caso, que se subdividiu em dois momentos: uma pesquisa documental, realizada a partir da investigação em arquivos da cidade, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez educadores da rede e quatro formadores contratados como assessores que permaneceram na rede durante vários anos. A análise dos dados organizou-se em quatro categorias: modalidades de formação e ação docente; formação e competência docente; políticas públicas e ação docente na cidade e formação permanente e qualidade da educação. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar a caracterização da formação permanente oferecida aos professores da Rede Municipal de Educação de Diadema no período delineado pela pesquisa, a identificação da matriz de concepção da formação, as fragilidades no processo avaliativo das ações da rede nesta área e os resultados da formação enquanto qualificação das práticas pedagógicas dos professores. / The ongoing training of teachers is today a measure of unquestionable qualifications, supported in the preoccupation of building alternate paths that allow the education levels of quality compatible with social demands and expectations. Among the issues that involve the scenario brazilian education in the 21st century, can be mentioned the social setting of this beginning of century, the low salaries paid to teachers, the feminization of teaching, the proletarianization, the decharacterization and devaluation of the teaching career, the lack in the public school infrastructure and multiple relational problems that permeate the school education. Teacher training appears as a key aspect with a view to overcoming such problems and configures itself as the initial formation and formation in the modality in-service, or permanent formation, as it is treated in the township of Diadema. With a view to understanding this second type of formation, was studied authors who search the knowledge teachers from the school meetings as a mechanism for the formation of a collaborative culture at school. The focus of the research work was the permanent training of teachers in public schools in the township of Diadema in the period between 1993 and 2011. To this end, the research achieved in two steps: a bibliographical survey and a field survey, using the methodology case study, which splintered into two phases: a documentary survey, carried out from the city\'s archives, research and semiestrutured interviews with ten educators of township and four trainers hired as advisors who remained on the township for several years. The analysis of data organized into four categories: modalities of training and teaching action; training and teaching competence; public policies and teaching action in the city and permanent training and quality of education. The results obtained indicate the characterization of permanent formation offered to teachers of the Township of Diadema by the search period, the identification of the formation matrix, the weaknesses in the evaluation process of actions in this area and the results of formation as a qualification of pedagogical practices of teachers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Barreto Anadon_Tese.pdf: 871431 bytes, checksum: 1a2ade601d744d26b48dd1c04b7cca10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / In this Thesis problematize the effects of Prova Brasil, as one of the modalities of national assessment within the daily school work and teaching. The study considers the different stages of implementation of the evaluation presenting two movements of research. First describes and analyzes the effects of the discourses of the institution Prova Brasil that using the mediatic device seeks to convince and co-opt individuals on the need of evaluation practice as a prerequisite for improving the quality of national education. In this sense, the research deals with problematizing the advertising campaign about the official Prova Brasil considering the three videos of release, one of which presents the statement of the Minister of Education. It also examines some websites for dissemination of results of the evaluation and printed material, both created and maintained by the federal government partners in the project "Todos pela Educação". In a second investigative movement is considered the effects Proof of Brazil in daily school work and teaching from the perspective of managers and teachers at a local level, setting a case study in the municipality of Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. Are interviewed two pedagogic coordinators the Municipal Secretary of Education and seven teachers evaluated. The teachers interviewed are part of the teaching staff from two public schools that participate in the Prova Brasil since 2005 and have a performance considered low. The research is anchored in referential poststructuralist Foucauldian inspiration using concepts such as speech, regime of truth and governmentality. The analysis of the statements builds the Thesis in two directions: the establishment of a consensus on the meaning of quality of education and the institution of a new working relationship in the field of teaching performance. Regarding the direction of improving and the quality of public education, the discourses converge on the premise of numeric indices as a precondition for registration in several levels of excellence in education. In relation to the professional practice of the magisterium notes a context marked by selfaccountability and competition, demanding new experiences in the teaching profession. / Nesta Tese problematizam-se os efeitos da Prova Brasil, tomada como uma das modalidades de avaliação nacional, no cotidiano do trabalho escolar e docente. O estudo considera as diferentes etapas de implementação da referida avaliação apresentando dois movimentos de investigação. Primeiro descreve e analisa os efeitos dos discursos de instituição da Prova Brasil que utilizando-se do expediente midiático procura convencer e cooptar os indivíduos quanto à necessidade da prática avaliativa como pressuposto de melhoria da qualidade da educação nacional. Nessa direção, a pesquisa ocupa-se de problematizar a campanha publicitária oficial sobre a Prova Brasil considerando os três vídeos de divulgação, sendo que um deles apresenta o pronunciamento do Ministro da Educação. Analisam-se também alguns sites de divulgação dos resultados da avaliação e um material impresso, ambos criados e mantidos pelos parceiros do governo federal no projeto Todos pela Educação . Em um segundo movimento investigativo são considerados os efeitos da Prova Brasil no cotidiano do trabalho escolar e docente na perspectiva dos gestores e professores em um âmbito local, configurando um estudo de caso no município de Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. São entrevistados dois coordenadores pedagógicos da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e sete professoras de turmas avaliadas. As professoras entrevistadas fazem parte do quadro docente de duas escolas municipais que participam da Prova Brasil desde 2005 e que possuem um desempenho considerado baixo. A pesquisa está ancorada no referencial pósestruturalista de inspiração foucaultiana e utiliza-se de conceitos como discurso, regime de verdade e governamentalidade. A análise dos enunciados constrói a Tese em dois sentidos: por um lado, a constituição de um consenso sobre o significado de qualidade da educação e, por outro lado, a instituição de uma nova relação de trabalho no campo de atuação docente. No que tange ao sentido de melhoria e qualidade da educação pública os discursos convergem para a premissa de índices numéricos como pressuposto de inscrição em níveis diversos de excelência na educação. Já em relação ao exercício profissional do magistério constata-se um contexto marcado pela auto-responsabilização e pela concorrência, demandando novas experiências no exercício da docência.

Orientador: Mara Regina Lemes De Sordi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:05:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passamai_MariaHerminiaBaiao_D.pdf: 2802060 bytes, checksum: f7a579ed0c60efaa5c894b72df7c997d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objeto analisar o processo de implantação e implementação de um sistema de avaliação da rede municipal de educação de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Procura compreender as escolhas configuradas na proposta de avaliação das escolas da rede e seus significados, em um sistema educacional repleto de modelos avaliativos, de caráter externo. Busca saber se a concepção avaliativa é consoante com um projeto de educação que, em busca da qualidade do ensino, seja coerente com os compromissos da missão educativa e social da escola. Para isso, buscou-se analisar a aceitação ou rejeição que as unidades demonstravam aos mecanismos implicados na implementação da política pública. A pesquisa é um relato descritivo, com foco qualitativo e tem características avaliativas. Visa a analisar quais reações/implicações ocorreram nas unidades municipais, em decorrência da implementação do sistema de avaliação, assim como suas possibilidades e limites. Para tal, procedeu-se a um estudo exploratório em dez escolas de duas regiões administrativas do município, que possibilitou a seleção de três unidades educativas, visando, com isso, à verticalização da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em 2012 e envolveu análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas com 24 membros das unidades e com 18 membros do primeiro Comitê Central e do Setor de Planejamento da Seme. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo categorial, tendo em vista a exploração qualitativa das mensagens. Essa metodologia identificou, nas vozes dos atores, três categorias: intenções e decisões; protagonismo e ressignificações; avaliações e aprendizagens. Com o cenário delineado e as vozes dos atores, montou-se um modelo híbrido de análise, que envolveu a concepção, implementação e avaliação da política. Como resultado, evidenciou-se que: fatores intervenientes dificultaram a transação entre os formuladores e as unidades; o simples estabelecimento legal de uma política pública não é suficiente para que ela seja levada a termo; as ações desencadeadas para efetivação da política não foram absorvidas pelas escolas; as unidades dizem acatar processos avaliativos, mas querem ter participação e protagonismo, que ficou restrito ao grupo propositor; houve falta de informação e conhecimento da política, fato que pode ser responsável pela resistência à sua aceitação; a existência prévia de avaliação institucional realizada por iniciativa própria de algumas escolas facilita a sua adesão à política de avaliação governamental. Conclui-se que há necessidade de constante diálogo entre o topo e a base para construir legitimidade política sem a qual a proposta tende a perder potência na fase de implementação pelo sentido de não pertencimento. Assim, há a confirmação de que, em processos de avaliação, existem embates gerados pela complexidade de implantação e implementação de políticas públicas e pelas forças pendulares entre a aceitação e a resistência. Além disso, essas políticas são dependentes de princípios que coadunam a participação, a negociação, a ausculta aos atores envolvidos, a discussão, o uso contínuo do diálogo como forma de dirimir as tensões, as contradições e a resistência, que estão presentes na formatação de políticas públicas e em sistemáticas de avaliação. Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas. Implementação de políticas públicas. Avaliação em rede de ensino. Qualidade em educação. Ensino fundamenta / Abstract: This work aims at analyzing the process of implantation and implementation of an evaluation system in the municipal education network in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It searches for understanding the choices configured in the evaluation proposals of the network schools and their meanings, in an education system full of evaluative models, of external character. The objective is to analyze whether the evaluative conception is according with an educational project, which in the attempt of the teaching quality, is consistent with the commitments of the educative and social missions of the school. To do so, it analyses the acceptance or rejection that the units demonstrated to the mechanisms implied in the public policy implementation. The research is a descriptive report with qualitative focus and with evaluative characteristics. It aims at analyzing what reactions/implications occur in the municipal units due to the implementation of the evaluation system, as well as their possibilities and limits. To this end, an exploratory study was carried out in ten schools of two administrative regions in the district, what enabled the selection of three of these teaching institutions, directing to the verticalization of the research. The data collection occurred in 2012 and involved a documental analysis, semi structured interviews with 24 members of the units and with 18 members of the first Central Committee and the Seme Planning Department. The interviews were submitted to the analysis of the categorical content, aiming at the qualitative exploration of messages. Such methodology identified, in the voices of Actors, three categories: intentions and decisions, role-plays and re-significations; evaluations and learning. With the scenario delineated and the voices of the Actors, a hybrid analysis model was created, which involved conception, implementation and evaluation of the policy. As result, it was stood out that: intervener factors make difficult the transaction between the formulators and the units; the simple legal facility of a public policy is not enough to make it to term; the actions initiated to the effectiveness of the policy were not absorbed by the schools; the units claim to obey the evaluative processes, however, they want to be part and role, what is restricted to proposer group; there was lack of information and knowledge of the policy, fact that can be responsible for the resistance to be accepted; the previous existence of institutional evaluation carried out by the initiative of some schools facilitates its adherence to the governmental evaluation policy. It concludes that there is a need of a constant dialogue between the top and the bottom to constitute political legitimacy without which the proposal tends to loose power in the implementation stage by the sense of not belonging. This way, there is the confirmation that, in evaluation processes, there are clashes generated by the complexity of the implantation and implementation of the public policies and by the commuting forces between acceptance and resistance. Besides, such policies are dependent on principles that are in line with the dialogue in a way to settle the tensions, the contradictions and the resistance that are present in the formulation of public policies and in evaluation systematics. Keywords: Public policies. Implementation of public policies. Evaluation in the school network. Education quality. Elementary teaching / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

Orientador: Mara Regina Lemes de Sordi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_SandroRicardoCoelhode_D.pdf: 2555845 bytes, checksum: c1cf3c4ce5673389aab805e2ebcaff78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou investigar a construção e a implementação de avaliação institucional em três instituições públicas de Educação Infantil de Campinas/ SP, em possível atendimento à política de avaliação do município. Para essa finalidade, houve a triangulação de dados obtidos: I) via pesquisa documental (documentos das instituições, do sistema de ensino e legislação específica); II) via informantes (entrevistas dos participantes e observação in loco); e III) via pesquisa bibliográfica (livros e artigos científicos). A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e caracterizada como estudo de casos múltiplos, teve a participação de 30 sujeitos dos vários segmentos institucionais (gestores, docentes, agentes/ monitores, funcionários e pais/ responsáveis), 10 de cada escola. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) investigar como a avaliação institucional tem se expressado na Educação Infantil pública do município; b) apurar limites, possibilidades e reflexos dessa avaliação na qualidade das escolas pesquisadas e na construção da política do município; c) identificar a lógica da avaliação na perspectiva dos entrevistados, em possível aproximação com diretrizes dessa política; d) entender como se estabelecem os pactos pela qualidade entre as instituições e outras instâncias do sistema e entre os próprios sujeitos da escola; e) descrever aspectos de outras instâncias do sistema que, na ótica dos atores locais, também influenciam na qualidade da unidade educacional. A pergunta central visou à identificação de possíveis contribuições da prática às escolas e ao próprio sistema de ensino. A tese advogou que tais experiências possibilitam melhorias às instituições investigadas e à participação de seus atores, oferecendo subsídios para a construção de uma política avaliativa de rede guiada pela qualidade social da Educação. Os estudos demonstraram que a avaliação institucional não pode ser tomada como a grande redentora da escola de Educação Infantil, devido a seus limites. Entretanto, constitui-se instrumento potente para a melhoria da instituição, da atuação de seu coletivo de atores e para o alcance da qualidade desejada. Nas três unidades pesquisadas, ela é tomada como instrumento de planejamento, com foco no futuro, evidenciando a confiança dos sujeitos em sua realização, uma vez que a prática não lhes concede poder, mas lhes proporciona a possibilidade de construir relações onde a titularidade de cada um começa a despontar / Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the construction and implementation of institutional evaluation in three public institutions Childhood Education of Campinas/ SP, in possible approach to the evaluation policy of the municipality. For this purpose, there was a data triangulation: I) via desk research (documents of the institutions, of the educational system and specific legislation); II) via informants (interviews and observation of local subjects); and III) via literature (books and scientific articles). The research, qualitative and characterized as a multiple case study, was attended by 30 individuals from various segments school (administrators, teachers, instructors, staff and parents), 10 of each school. The specific objectives were: a) to investigate how the institutional evaluation has been expressed in public Childhood Education of the municipality; b) to know limits, possibilities and consequences of this evaluation on the quality of the surveyed schools and on the construction of municipal policy; c) to identify the logic of evaluation from the perspective of local actors, in possible approach with guidelines of this policy; d) to understand how the pacts are established by the quality between the institutions and other instances of the system and between local subjects; e) to describe aspects of other instances of the system that, in the view of local actors, are also responsible for the quality of the school. The central question aimed to identify the possible contributions of practice for schools and for the education system. The thesis advocated that the experiments provide improvements to the institutions investigated and to the participation of its subjects, offering subsidies for the construction of an evaluative policy guided by the social quality of education. Studies have shown that the institutional evaluation can not be taken as the great redemptive institution Childhood Education, due to its limits. However, it constitutes a powerful instrument for the improvement of the institution, the role of collective actors and to achieve the desired quality. In the three institutions, the evaluation is a tool for planning, focusing on the future, showing confidence of local subjects, because the practice does not give them power, but gives them the opportunity to build relationships where the ownership of each begins to emerge / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutor em Educação

The study "Preschool education. The unequally chance to the uniform quality and accessibility of preschool education and the consequences which result from" analyze the conditions of preschool education in terms of education policy and legislation in the Czech republic. The study deal with aspects, which contribute to the inequality in this area. Within the analisis, the six main reasons for the preschool education were identified. In the concrete: Problem of regional inaccessibility of preschool institution, the discrepancy between payment in the preschool institutions, the quality of pedagogue and the nubmer of children, who care for, the problem of curriculum and the quality of preschool institutions. The lack of information on the area of preschool education is also problem. Firstly, the area of preschool education should be more identified to its solution.

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With over 6 million children receiving some form of special education in the United States, and federal legislation mandating that all disabled students be provided with a free and appropriate education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE), school districts are facing the daunting task of providing individualized services for a growing percentage of special education students. Unfortunately, it is well established in the research literature that special needs students who "belong" to racial and ethnic minority groups and/or are from low Socioeconomic Status classes have traditionally been over-represented in special education. Disturbingly, not only are minorities over-represented in special education classification, they are also under-funded. While research contends that the actual level and quality of service received by members of the above groups tend to be sub-standard to those of their white and/or higher income counterparts, parent perceptions regarding this may or may not align with this fact. This leaves the potential for a gap to exist between what objective measurements and observations uncover and what the parent holds to be true. This also raises the question of ethics in equity of information access for those with limited cultural or social capital. This qualitative study examines the perceptions parents from various demographic groups have regarding the special education services their children receive. Interviews with parents of special needs children who are from the Philadelphia and surrounding areas serve as the primary data source. Additionally, information gathered while assuming the role of observer participant in a local support group serve as a support source of data for my study. A variety of sources were used to gather data on parent perceptions for this study. The parents of twelve special needs children were interviewed for this study. Each parent was asked a series of questions regarding their experiences with their child(ren)'s special education including, but not limited to, identification of the disability; ease/difficulty of obtaining services; design of education program offering; initiation of services; IEP implementation; and goal attainment. Several characteristics of the participants were focused on to identify commonalities among participants that determine likenesses in perceptions of various aspects of interest relating to special education services. Participation/observation in a support group for parents of special needs children, in addition to the literature distributed at that session also served as data sources for this study and that led to the study findings. Survey quantitative data, and information from limited IEP review, were also contributors to the pool of data that ultimately led to the study findings and recommendations. The conduction of a focus group was planned and attempted on more than one occasion during the study period, however, the recruitment of an acceptable number of willing participants proved to be an insurmountable challenge. One major area of interest in the study included determining if the participants believed there were differences in the special education services received by different students and if so, why. Interestingly, all of the respondents answered yes and identified eleven "major contributors" to the differences. The four considered most significant by a majority of the participants include Parental Persistence, Time Availability of the parents, the Connectedness/Access to Information maintained by the parents, and belonging to a high SES. After studying the content of all of the interviews, noticeable likenesses in the characterizations of the mindset of the participants regarding special education emerged. This commonality was so strong that it led me to give this phenomenon or theoretical concept a name - Framing Mindset. Each participant, as a result of her experiences over an extended period of time with the "universe of special education" develops a certain "casting point" where the parent's attitude becomes "set" and future decisions regarding special education programming for that child follow similar thought patterns. Thus, the parent has adopted one of three "mindsets" that serve as the "framework" from which all of their educational choices are built. Finally the study looked at the question: "How does a special needs parent's current stage of grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance) relating to having a son or daughter with a long term, often lifelong disability, influence the perception of the variables (quality, appropriateness, timeliness, comprehensiveness) comprising his or her child's educational programming?" According to the responses given by the study participants, the majority of the respondents had a connection between the stage on the Kubler-Ross' Grief Cycle and their satisfaction level with special education services; a small number of respondents did not have a connection between the stage on the Kubler-Ross' Grief Cycle and their satisfaction level with special education services; and for less than one quarter of the respondents it was not possible to determine if there was a connection between the stage on the Kubler-Ross' Grief Cycle and their satisfaction level with special education services. The results of this study have implications for advocacy/parent education, professional support group/facilitator training, and education policy. First, the results of this study, tell us that a large majority of the participants believe that access to information is key to determining the composition of the special education program received by their child. Knowing this, the role of the advocate can become much more critical to both newly diagnosed parents and parents who are not well connected. Second, the literature, interview participants, and support group participants affirm that seeking out and attending support groups is often one of the first things the parent of a newly diagnosed disabled child does to both obtain information and relieve stress. Unfortunately, the participants also indicated their frustrations with the formats and content of the groups - enough so that most did not return. Therefore, it is recommended to be the most helpful to parents of special needs children through the support group venue, training for the potential facilitator and a quick survey to potential attendees to assess their interest, preferred format, and needs should occur first. Finally, the implications of information from the study for education policy relate to the both the implementation of special education law and the oversight of the implementation of special education law. All of the interviewees asserted that there are differences in special education services among special needs. As a result of this remarkable finding, I recommend that changes to education policy include a provision for local oversight or "watchdogging" of the process of special education service provision; tougher sanctions be developed for districts and private schools who fail to provide appropriate services to a disabled child or are found guilty of providing inequitable services; and that parent surveys about their home district be distributed annually with the district and private school's scorecard partially based on the survey scores. / Educational Administration