No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agric)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg weight on hatchability, hatch-weight and subsequent productivity of Venda chickens. A total of 360 Venda chicken eggs based on their weights were collected within one week and assigned to four treatments with five replicates of 18 eggs per replicate. A randomized design was used. The four treatment weights were below 49 g, between 50 and 59 g, between 60 and 69 g and above 70 g. the eggs were incubated for 21 days. The chicks were raised up to 13 weeks based on their treatments but fed a similar diet. Egg weight was positively and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.727) with hatchability. Similarly, egg weight was positively and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.0.953) with chick hatch-weight. Between one and seven weeks old, Venda chicks hatched from heavier eggs ate less (P< 0.05) than those hatched from lighter eggs. Heavier eggs hatched chicks with better (P< 0.05) feed conversion ratio. However, chicks hatched from heavier eggs tended to have higher (P< 0.05) live weight at seven weeks old than those hatched from lighter eggs. Heavier eggs tended to hatch chicks that had higher (P< 0.05) mortality rates. However, metabolisable energy and nitrogen retention of the chicks aged seven weeks was not (P> 0.05) affected by egg weight. Growth rate and live weight of the chicks aged between one and seven weeks were optimized at different Venda chicken egg weights of 56 (r2 = 0.514) and 60 (r2 = 0.870) g, respectively. Egg weight had no (P> 0.05) effect on metabolisable energy, feed conversion ratio, growth rate, live weight, carcass weight and carcass parts of Venda chickens aged between eight and 13 weeks except fat pad weight. Venda chickens hatched from lighter eggs had lower (P< 0.05) fat pad weights than those hatched from heavier eggs. Meat samples of chickens hatched from lighter eggs had higher (P< 0.05) nitrogen contents. It is concluded that Venda chicken egg weight affects (P< 0.05) egg hatchability, chick hatch-weight, growth rate, live weight and carcass characteristics of the chicken. However, these variables are optimized at different egg weights. This has implications on selecting eggs for incubation.

Thesis (M.Sc. Agric.(Animal Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg weight on hatchability, hatch-weight and subsequent productivity of Venda chickens. A total of 360 Venda chicken eggs based on their weights were collected within one week and assigned to four treatments with five replicates of 18 eggs per replicate. A randomized design was used. The four treatment weights were below 49 g, between 50 and 59 g, between 60 and 69 g and above 70 g. the eggs were incubated for 21 days. The chicks were raised up to 13 weeks based on their treatments but fed a similar diet. Egg weight was positively and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.727) with hatchability. Similarly, egg weight was positively and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.0.953) with chick hatch-weight. Between one and seven weeks old, Venda chicks hatched from heavier eggs ate less (P< 0.05) than those hatched from lighter eggs. Heavier eggs hatched chicks with better (P< 0.05) feed conversion ratio. However, chicks hatched from heavier eggs tended to have higher (P< 0.05) live weight at seven weeks old than those hatched from lighter eggs. Heavier eggs tended to hatch chicks that had higher (P< 0.05) mortality rates. However, metabolisable energy and nitrogen retention of the chicks aged seven weeks was not (P> 0.05) affected by egg weight. Growth rate and live weight of the chicks aged between one and seven weeks were optimized at different Venda chicken egg weights of 56 (r2 = 0.514) and 60 (r2 = 0.870) g, respectively. Egg weight had no (P> 0.05) effect on metabolisable energy, feed conversion ratio, growth rate, live weight, carcass weight and carcass parts of Venda chickens aged between eight and 13 weeks except fat pad weight. Venda chickens hatched from lighter eggs had lower (P< 0.05) fat pad weights than those hatched from heavier eggs. Meat samples of chickens hatched from lighter eggs had higher (P< 0.05) nitrogen contents. It is concluded that Venda chicken egg weight affects (P< 0.05) egg hatchability, chick hatch-weight, growth rate, live weight and carcass characteristics of the chicken. However, these variables are optimized at different egg weights. This has implications on selecting eggs for incubation.

A precision biotic (PB) in standard and reduced CP diets, and a protease (PRO) used alone and in combination with PB in the reduced CP diet were evaluated. Effects on performance, digestibility, and blood biomarkers were determined in Dekalb White hens from 24 to 42 weeks of age. Nine diets were fed: 1) a standard diet with a 17.5% formulated CP level (T1); 2) T1 with 500ppm PB (T2); 3) T1 with 700ppm PB (T3); 4) a reduced CP diet with a 15.5% formulated CP level (T4); 5) T4 with 500ppm PB (T5); 6) T4 with 700ppm PB (T6); 7) T4 with 33g/MT PRO (T7); 8) T4 with 33g/MT PRO and 500ppm PB (T8); and 9) T4 with 33g/MT PRO and 700ppm PB (T9). There were no overall differences for feed conversion, but the response of T9 over time suggests longer periods may result in improved feed conversion.

No description available.

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a influência da inoculação de ingredientes intra ovo aos 18 dias de incubação de ovos oriundos de matrizes jovens e de pesos distintos. Ovos oriundos de matrizes com 30 semanas de idade foram separados em ovos leves e pesados, sendo incubados na mesma máquina incubadora. Aos 18 dias de incubação, no momento da transferência para o nascedouro, os ovos foram inoculados com soluções de Maltose, Polivitamínico, Zinco-Glicina, Glutamina, Mistura de todos os produtos descritos anteriormente e Cloreto de Sódio (controle). Como via de inoculação, as soluções foram utilizadas como diluentes da vacina de Marek efetuada intra-ovo aos 18 dias de incubação. Após o nascimento, 2460 pintinhos machos foram enviados para o aviário experimental onde foram divididos em 60 boxes em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x6 (2 pesos e 6 soluções) totalizando 12 tratamentos com 5 repetições de 40 aves. Foram sacrificadas uma ave por repetição aos 00, 07 e 21 dias de idade para pesagem do saco da gema, intestino e fígado. Amostras de duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram enviadas para histologia para determinação de profundidade de criptas e altura de vilosidades. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e enviadas para laboratório para determinação de nível de anticorpos contra reovírus e bronquite aviária. Os animais e a ração fornecida foram pesados semanalmente (07, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias) para determinação do peso, consumo e conversão alimentar. Aos 43 dias de idade 3 aves por repetição foram pesadas e sacrificadas para determinação do peso e rendimento de carcaça, peito com osso e pele e perna com osso e pele. Animais oriundos de ovos mais pesados obtiveram uma maior eclosão, peso ao nascimento e peso de fígado e intestino aos 00 dias. O peso aos 42 dias foi superior em aves oriundas de ovos pesados, produzindo uma carcaça e peito mais pesado, porém sem diferença de rendimento. Não houve diferença de conversão aos 42 dias de idade. Viabilidade de animais oriundos de ovos pesados foi superior de 00 a 07, 14 a 21 e 21 a 28 dias de idade, mas não afetou a viabilidade final. Peso do ovo não interferiu com o nível de anticorpos. As inoculações de soluções aos 18 dias de incubação obtiveram resultados variáveis dependendo do produto utilizado, tendo maior influência sobre altura de vilosidades e profundidade de criptas e sobre a produção de anticorpos. Não afetaram, entretanto, os parâmetros zootécnicos (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e viabilidade). A inoculação de produtos intra-ovo já é uma técnica possível de ser utilizada na avicultura industrial, entretanto, novos estudos devem ser ainda desenvolvidos no intuito de definir o melhor produto ou composto de produtos a ser utilizado / This trial had the objective to verify the influence of the in-ovo inoculation of ingredients at 18th day of incubation of eggs from different weights. Eggs from a broiler breeder flock with 30 weeks of age were separated in light and heavy eggs and were incubated in the same machine. At the 18th day of incubation, when the eggs were been transferred, they were inoculated with solutions of Maltose, Vitamins, Zinc-Glicine, Glutamine, mixture of all the ingredients and sodium chloride (control). The solutions were inoculated as Marek\'s vaccine diluter. After the eclosion, 2460 male chicks were send to the experimental house were they were divided on 60 boxes at a completely random design and a factorial 2x6 (two egg weigths and six solutions) design, summing 12 treatments with 5 repetitions of 40 chicks. One chick per repetition was sacrificed at 00, 07 and 21 days of age to weigth the yolk sac, intestine and liver. Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were sent to histology to determinate villus high and cripts deep. Blood sample of the same birds were collected and sent to the laboratory to determinate anti body levels against reovirus and avian bronquitis. Animals and feed were weighted every week to determine the animal weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. At 43 days of age, 3 birds per repetition were weighted and sacrificed to determinate the carcass, breast and leg weight and yield. Animals from heavy eggs had a higher born weight, eclosion and liver and intestine weight at 00 days. At 42 days of age, birds from heavier eggs had a higher weight producing a heavier carcass and breast, but without yield variation. There was no difference on feed conversion at 42 days. Liveability of birds from heavier eggs were higher form 00 to 07, 14 to 21 and 21 to 28 days of age, but it didn\'t interfere the total livibility. Egg weight didn\'t interfere on the anti body level. The solutions inoculated at 18th day of incubation had variable results depending on the product utilized, influencing the villus height and cripts deep and anti body production. However, the solutions inoculation doesn\'t interfere on zoothecnical parameters as weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and livability. The in-ovo inoculation is a technique possible to be used on broiler production, however, new studies have to be done searching from the best product or ingredient to be used

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a influência da inoculação de ingredientes intra ovo aos 18 dias de incubação de ovos oriundos de matrizes jovens e de pesos distintos. Ovos oriundos de matrizes com 30 semanas de idade foram separados em ovos leves e pesados, sendo incubados na mesma máquina incubadora. Aos 18 dias de incubação, no momento da transferência para o nascedouro, os ovos foram inoculados com soluções de Maltose, Polivitamínico, Zinco-Glicina, Glutamina, Mistura de todos os produtos descritos anteriormente e Cloreto de Sódio (controle). Como via de inoculação, as soluções foram utilizadas como diluentes da vacina de Marek efetuada intra-ovo aos 18 dias de incubação. Após o nascimento, 2460 pintinhos machos foram enviados para o aviário experimental onde foram divididos em 60 boxes em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x6 (2 pesos e 6 soluções) totalizando 12 tratamentos com 5 repetições de 40 aves. Foram sacrificadas uma ave por repetição aos 00, 07 e 21 dias de idade para pesagem do saco da gema, intestino e fígado. Amostras de duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram enviadas para histologia para determinação de profundidade de criptas e altura de vilosidades. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e enviadas para laboratório para determinação de nível de anticorpos contra reovírus e bronquite aviária. Os animais e a ração fornecida foram pesados semanalmente (07, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias) para determinação do peso, consumo e conversão alimentar. Aos 43 dias de idade 3 aves por repetição foram pesadas e sacrificadas para determinação do peso e rendimento de carcaça, peito com osso e pele e perna com osso e pele. Animais oriundos de ovos mais pesados obtiveram uma maior eclosão, peso ao nascimento e peso de fígado e intestino aos 00 dias. O peso aos 42 dias foi superior em aves oriundas de ovos pesados, produzindo uma carcaça e peito mais pesado, porém sem diferença de rendimento. Não houve diferença de conversão aos 42 dias de idade. Viabilidade de animais oriundos de ovos pesados foi superior de 00 a 07, 14 a 21 e 21 a 28 dias de idade, mas não afetou a viabilidade final. Peso do ovo não interferiu com o nível de anticorpos. As inoculações de soluções aos 18 dias de incubação obtiveram resultados variáveis dependendo do produto utilizado, tendo maior influência sobre altura de vilosidades e profundidade de criptas e sobre a produção de anticorpos. Não afetaram, entretanto, os parâmetros zootécnicos (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e viabilidade). A inoculação de produtos intra-ovo já é uma técnica possível de ser utilizada na avicultura industrial, entretanto, novos estudos devem ser ainda desenvolvidos no intuito de definir o melhor produto ou composto de produtos a ser utilizado / This trial had the objective to verify the influence of the in-ovo inoculation of ingredients at 18th day of incubation of eggs from different weights. Eggs from a broiler breeder flock with 30 weeks of age were separated in light and heavy eggs and were incubated in the same machine. At the 18th day of incubation, when the eggs were been transferred, they were inoculated with solutions of Maltose, Vitamins, Zinc-Glicine, Glutamine, mixture of all the ingredients and sodium chloride (control). The solutions were inoculated as Marek\'s vaccine diluter. After the eclosion, 2460 male chicks were send to the experimental house were they were divided on 60 boxes at a completely random design and a factorial 2x6 (two egg weigths and six solutions) design, summing 12 treatments with 5 repetitions of 40 chicks. One chick per repetition was sacrificed at 00, 07 and 21 days of age to weigth the yolk sac, intestine and liver. Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were sent to histology to determinate villus high and cripts deep. Blood sample of the same birds were collected and sent to the laboratory to determinate anti body levels against reovirus and avian bronquitis. Animals and feed were weighted every week to determine the animal weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. At 43 days of age, 3 birds per repetition were weighted and sacrificed to determinate the carcass, breast and leg weight and yield. Animals from heavy eggs had a higher born weight, eclosion and liver and intestine weight at 00 days. At 42 days of age, birds from heavier eggs had a higher weight producing a heavier carcass and breast, but without yield variation. There was no difference on feed conversion at 42 days. Liveability of birds from heavier eggs were higher form 00 to 07, 14 to 21 and 21 to 28 days of age, but it didn\'t interfere the total livibility. Egg weight didn\'t interfere on the anti body level. The solutions inoculated at 18th day of incubation had variable results depending on the product utilized, influencing the villus height and cripts deep and anti body production. However, the solutions inoculation doesn\'t interfere on zoothecnical parameters as weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and livability. The in-ovo inoculation is a technique possible to be used on broiler production, however, new studies have to be done searching from the best product or ingredient to be used

Natürliche Selektion bevorzugt effiziente Zusammenarbeit innerhalb von eusozialen Kolonien. Dennoch kann bei polyandrischen Arten die Aufzucht von Königinnen Konflikte auslösen. Es wird vermutet, dass Honigbienen nepotistisch bei der Königinnenaufzucht agieren. Bienen sind in der Lage zwischen verschiedenen verwandten Individuen zu unterscheiden. Die bisher publizierten Daten sind aber widersprüchlich. In meiner Untersuchung zeigte sich, dass standardisiert aufgezogene Larven durch verwandte Arbeitsbienen nicht signifikant bevorzugt werden, aber dass ein höheres Gewicht der Eier, aus denen die Larven geschlüpft sind, ihre Chancen als Königin aufgezogen zu werden signifikant erhöhen. Ein hohes Eigewicht führte außerdem zu einer zwar nicht signifikanten, aber tendenziellen Erhöhung von Fitness Eigenschaften der resultierenden Königinnen. Probleme, Nepotismus eindeutig zu belegen, sind möglicherweise dadurch verursacht, dass die Verwandtschafts-Präferenz bestimmter Individuen nicht in eine Kolonie-Entscheidung überführt werden kann. Ich habe deshalb – mit molekulargenetischen Methoden – die Verwandtschaft der Larven, die als Königinnen aufgezogen werden sollen, mit jener der Pflege-Bienen, die deren Aufzucht initiierten, vergliechen. In fünf Kolonien, deren Königinnen mit jeweils drei Drohnen von drei verschiedenen Herkünften besamt wurden, fand ich keine Präferenz von Arbeitsbienen für ihre nah-verwandten Geschwister. Dafür zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich Präferenz für Larven der drei Drohnen-Herkünfte. Dies kann so interpretiert werden, dass Honigbienen in der Lage sind, zwischen genetischen Varianten zu unterscheiden, aber dass diese Fähigkeit nicht für Nepotismus genutzt wird. In einem natürlichen, durch Mehrfachpaarung genetisch variablen, aber mindestens zu 25 % verwandten Volk, ist eine genetisch oder umwelt- (maternal) induzierte Attraktivität, und nicht der Grad der Verwandtschaft, das zentrale Selektionskriterium in. / Natural selection favours an efficient cooperation within eusocial colonies. However, in polyandrous species, queen rearing may provide some conflict. Worker bees are assumed to play a nepotistic role during the queen-rearing phase by preferring more closely related larvae. Honeybee workers were found to be able to discriminate between different related individuals, but published data are inconsistent. Here in my study I show that larvae reared on a standardized basis were not significantly preferred by related worker bees, but that a higher egg weight – from which the larvae originated – significantly increased the chance to receive a royalty treatment and showed a tendency to correlate positively with fitness traits of the resulting queen. Queen rearing results from a colony decision, and this involves many workers. Consequently any lack of a nepotism which is proved may be due to the fact that relatedness-driven kin preference of individuals cannot be applied to a colony decision. In view of this, using DNA fingerprinting, I also tested the relatedness of larvae to be reared as queens and those nursing worker bees which initiated the queen−rearing process. In five colonies, each inseminated with three drones from three different origins, I did not observe any preference of worker bees for their closely related sib for queen rearing, but I did find significant differences with respect to the preference of worker bees for larvae from the three drone origins. Our data provide evidence that honey bees have the ability to discriminate genetic differences, but they do not use it for nepotism. In a natural, diverse – but always at least 25%-related – framework within a colony, genetically or environmentally driven attractiveness but not relatedness represents the key criteria for selecting larvae for gyne production.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 726201 bytes, checksum: 74d4f315d608a52cd33e55e848a74abd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for egg production and egg mass in meat-type quails and to propose an optimal age for selection of meat-type quails through egg production and egg mass ratio. The data used for this study came from 3.503 female meat-type quails, (UFV1: 1.811 quails; UFV2: 1.692 quails) of the Breeding Program for Poultry, at Federal University of Viçosa. Laying was assessed by the number of eggs produced from the 42th day of life on. For the study on egg production, the traits analyzed were: partial periods of egg production until 77 days (N77), 112 days (N112), 147 days (N147), 182 days (N182) and total production period of 407 days (N407) through the use of a single and bi-trait animal model. For the study on egg mass, the characteristics analyzed were: egg mass in partial periods until 77 days (M77), 112 days (M112), 147 days (M147), 182 days (M182), and egg mass in the total period of 407 days (M407). To analyze the efficiency of selection in each partial period, in relation to the total period, it was used the relative efficiency. For the egg production trait, considering the genetic group UFV1, heritability for N77, N112, N147, N182 and N407 were 0.03, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.16, respectively. The estimate of genetic correlation was higher between N112 and N407 (0.64). For other partial periods (N77xN407, and N147xN407 N182xN407), the values of genetic correlation ranged from 0.34 to 0.49. For the genetic group UFV2, the heritabilities for N77, N112, N147, N182 and N407 were, respectively, 0.20, 0.23, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.22. The correlation between each partial period with the total period presented median values ranging from 0.44 to 0.47. The relative efficiency for both genetic groups did not exceed the unity. The highest value found for the genetic group UFV1 was 0.4 during the period N112. For the genetic group UFV2, the highest relative efficiency was 0.49 for the periods N147 and N182. Considering the trait egg mass, the genetic group UFV1 obtained heritability values equal to 0.58 (M77), 0.59 (M112), 0.57 (M147), 0.59 (M182) and 0.24 (M407 ). The values for genetic correlations were medium, ranging from 0.51 (M77xM407) to 0.61 (M112xM407, M147xM407). For the genetic group UFV2, the heritabilities were of low magnitude: 0.05 (M77), 0.03 (M112), 0.04 (M147), 0.05 (M182) and 0.11 (M407). The values for genetic correlation ranged from 0.61 (M112xM407) to 0.93 (M77xM407). The highest relative efficiency value (0.96) was found during the period M112, to the genetic group UFV1, and 0.62 in the period M77 to the genetic group UFV2. Thus, the partial periods for egg production would be important to assist in the selection of meat-type quails, but the selection would be more efficient considering the total production. However, the use of selection through the mass of eggs until 112 days would be particularly interesting for genetic group UFV1, because the efficiency was close to the unity and the generation interval would be greatly reduced. For the group UFV2, even if it has presented low values of relative efficiency, it would only benefit from the reduction in generation interval for selection through the mass of eggs in the partial period until 77 days because it would allow three generations per year. / Objetivou-se nesse trabalho estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para produção de ovos e massa de ovos em codornas de corte e propor uma idade ideal para seleção de codornas de corte através da produção de ovos e massa de ovos. Os dados utilizados para esse estudo são provenientes de 3503 codornas de corte, sendo 1811 fêmeas UFV1 e 1692 fêmeas UFV2, pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Aves da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. A postura foi avaliada por meio do número de ovos a partir do 42º dia de vida. Para o estudo sobre produção de ovos, as características analisadas foram períodos parciais de produção de ovos até 77 dias (N77), até 112 dias (N112), até 147 dias (N147), até 182 dias (N182) e período de produção total até 407 dias (N407), através do modelo animal uni e bicaracterístico. Para o estudo sobre massa de ovos, as características analisadas foram massa de ovos em períodos parciais até 77 dias (M77), até 112 dias (M112), até 147 dias (M147), até 182 dias (M182) e massa de ovos no período total, até 407 dias (M407). Para analisar a eficiência de seleção em cada período parcial em relação ao período total, foi utilizada a eficiência relativa. Para a característica produção de ovos, considerando o grupo genético UFV1, as herdabilidades para N77, N112, N147, N182 e N407 foram respectivamente, 0,03, 0,06, 0,07, 0,08 e 0,16. A estimativa de correlação genética mais alta foi entre N112 e N407 (0,64). Para os outros períodos parciais (N77xN407, N147xN407 e N182xN407), os valores de correlação genética variaram de 0,34 a 0,49. Para o grupo genético UFV2, as estimativas de herdabilidades para N77, N112, N147, N182 e N407 foram respectivamente, 0,20, 0,23, 0,25, 0,25 e 0,22. A correlação genética entre cada período parcial com o período total apresentou valores medianos variando de 0,44 a 0,47. A eficiência relativa para ambos os grupos genéticos não ultrapassaram a unidade. O maior valor encontrado para o grupo genético UFV1 foi de 0,4 no período parcial N112. Para o grupo genético UFV2, o maior valor de eficiência relativa foi de 0,49 para os períodos parciais N147 e N182. Considerando a característica massa de ovos, o grupo genético UFV1 obteve valores de herdabilidade iguais a 0,58 (M77), 0,59 (M112), 0,57 (M147), 0,59 (M182) e 0,24 (M407). Os valores de correlação genética foram medianos, variando de 0,51 (M77xM407) a 0,61 (M112xM407, M147xM407). Para o grupo genético UFV2, as estimativas de herdabilidades foram de baixa magnitude sendo 0,05 (M77), 0,03 (M112), 0,04 (M147), 0,05 (M182) e 0,11 (M407). Os valores de correlação genética variaram de 0,61 (M112xM407) a 0,93 (M77xM407). O maior valor de eficiência relativa encontrado foi de 0,96 no período parcial M112, para o grupo genético UFV1 e 0,62 no período parcial M77, para o grupo genético UFV2. Desta forma, os períodos parciais para produção de ovos seriam importantes para auxiliar no processo de seleção de codornas de corte, mas a seleção seria mais eficiente considerando a produção total. Entretanto, o uso da seleção através da massa de ovos até 112 dias seria particularmente interessante para o grupo genético UFV1, pois a eficiência foi próxima da unidade e o intervalo de geração seria bastante reduzido. Para o grupo genético UFV2, mesmo que tenha apresentado valores de eficiência relativa baixos, se beneficiaria apenas da redução no intervalo de geração para a seleção através da massa de ovos no período parcial até 77 dias, pois possibilitaria três gerações por ano.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Rodrigues Mendes.pdf: 596557 bytes, checksum: 356192df70d17abe993a9b9d4fc158ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02 / The objective of this study to verify the physical, chemical and bacteriological egg-washed and not washed undergoing experimental infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and stored at 5 oC and 25 oC during the 30 days. We used 768 eggs without cracks and classified as large, hens line Dekalb White, 30 to 40 weeks of age, and 384 for physical and chemical quality and 384 for bacteriological quality. The experimental design was in blocks of two stages and in factorial 2 x 2 x 2 (contamination, washing and storage temperature) with six repetitions for variables of physical, chemical and bacteriological. Eggs were contaminated by handling, with 1.5 x 105 units forming colonies (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa / mL and remained 5c and stored at 25oC for 30 days. Every 10 days were analyzed physical quality of eggs (egg weight, specific gravity, thickness shell, yolk percentage, albumen and shell, Haugh unit, yolk index and albumen), chemistry (pH of albumen and yolk) and bacteriological (count bacteria on the shell and contents of the egg). To analyze the weight loss of eggs at 30 days were used 96 eggs weighed every three days. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial 2 x 2 x 2 (Contamination washing x x storage temperature), with six replicates and one egg per experimental unit. It was observed that the cooling maintained the internal egg quality even when there was contamination in shell with inoculum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p <0.05). It was concluded that the Refrigeration slows weight loss and provides better internal quality, physics, and chemistry of eggs during the 30 days of storage (p> 0.05), independent of the contamination and the washing process. Best values internal quality were obtained in chilled eggs (p <0.05), eggs stored at 5 ° C had lower bacterial counts (p <0.05). It was concluded that the cooling provides better quality of bacteriological eggs during 30 days of storage and that there was more growth bacterial washed eggs and especially the content of the eggs. / Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a qualidade física, química e bacteriológica de ovos lavados e não-lavados submetidos à contaminação experimental com Pseudomonas aeruginosa e armazenados a 5oC e 25oC durante o período de 30 dias. Foram utilizados 768 ovos sem trincas e classificados como grandes, de poedeiras leves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 a 40 semanas de idade, sendo 384 para qualidade física e química e 384 para qualidade bacteriológica. O delineamento empregado foi em blocos com duas etapas e em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (contaminação, lavagem e temperatura de armazenamento) com seis repetições para variáveis de qualidade física, química e bacteriológica. Os ovos foram contaminados, pelo manuseio, com 1,5 x 105 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) de Pseudomonas aeruginosa/mL de solução e permaneceram armazenados a 5oC e 25oC por 30 dias. A cada 10 dias foram realizadas análises de qualidade física dos ovos (peso do ovo, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, porcentagem de gema, albume e casca, unidade Haugh, índices de gema e albume), química (pH do albume e da gema) e bacteriológica (contagem de bactérias na casca e no conteúdo do ovo). Para analisar a perda de peso dos ovos ao final de 30 dias foram utilizados 96 ovos pesados a cada três dias. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (contaminação x lavagem x temperatura de armazenamento), com seis repetições e um ovo a unidade experimental. Observou-se que a refrigeração manteve a qualidade interna dos ovos mesmo quando houve contaminação na casca com inóculo de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a refrigeração retarda a perda de peso e proporciona melhor qualidade interna, física, e química de ovos durante os 30 dias de armazenamento (p>0,05), independente da contaminação e do processo de lavagem. Melhores valores de qualidade interna foram obtidos nos ovos refrigerados (p<0,05), Os ovos armazenados a 5ºC apresentaram menor contagem bacteriana (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a refrigeração proporciona melhor qualidade bacteriologica dos ovos durante 30 dias de armazenamento e que houve maior crescimento bacteriano nos ovos lavados e principalmente no conteúdo dos ovos.