Growing issues such as climate crises, social injustice and neglection of basic human rights have created a new type of consumption, namely ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was initially mainly concerned for environmental issues but has in later years starting to include a variety of pressing issues. Ethical consumption was also initially mainly connected to groups of extremists, but with the increasing availability of ethical products in mainstream outlets, ethical consumption has shifted to be a mainstream consumer game. Mainstream ethical consumption has largely been neglected in previous research where the field is lacking knowledge in form of qualitative behavioral data. Departing from the gap, this study will mainly focus on exploring the motives for ethical consumption in the mainstream consumer segment. We will examine several driving forces in form of altruistic-based motives, egoistic-based motives, and non-value-based motives. However, in order to give this an additional dimension we also want to examine the level of morality of ethical consumption by using five ethical theories. This approach has been overlooked in previous ethical consumption research and it will question the basic assumption that ethical consumption is the morally correct thing to do. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the motivational factors for ethical consumption and through the lens of ethical theories examine the level of morality of this behavior. In order to fulfill this purpose we have conducted a qualitative study within the context of organic groceries in the Swedish market. Organic groceries is a branch of ethical consumption that few studies has examined before, and that applies especially to the Swedish market. 14 mainstream consumers have been interviewed were all of these were frequent buyers of organic groceries. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured fashion which was then analyzed by the use of thematic analysis. Furthermore, the study was guided by an exploratory inductive approach where subjectivity played a significant part. The results show that ethical consumption is driven by altruistic-based motives in form of social justice, where consumer want their consumption to benefit other. However, it is far from the only motive because ethical consumers are equally driven by egoistic motives. The result show that consumers are driven strongly by the sense of self- satisfaction created by the force of social norms, health and wellbeing, and product quality. This duality of motives creates a paradoxical tension in form of a win-win situation where the consumers strive for both the benefit of self as well as the benefit of others. Furthermore, ethical consumption is driven by habitual behavior where the consumers rely much on mental shortcuts in their purchases. Consumers are also not well- informed about ethical products and labels and therefore rely heavily on mythical benefits. In addition, when examining the level of morality of ethical consumption we can conclude that it is on level between mediocre to high. From a consequentialist and a non- consequentialist perspective the level of morality is fairly high, but from a character-based perspective the morality stumbles.

Självmord är ett fenomen som funnits så länge vi kan minnas. Självmord och sekularism är ett någorlunda nyare fenomen men diskuterades först av sociologen Emilé Durkheim i hans verk Självmordet (1897/1983). Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka just sambandet mellan sekularism och självmord, men även andra faktorer som kan spela in på självmordsfrekvensen i dagens moderna samhälle, baserat på de faktorer Durkheim påvisat i sitt verk. Frågeställningarna som rapporten grundas på är 1) Finns det ett klart samband mellan den sekulära befolkningen i ett land och högre självmordsfrekvens inom ny forskning? Och 2) Vilka faktorer, åsido sekularism, spelar in på självmordsfrekvensen i sekulära länder enligt ny forskning? Metoden som används är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där specifika termer och ord söktes upp i ny forskning. Dessa termer är baserade på de orsaksfaktorer som Durkheim nämnt i sitt verk. Resultaten presenterades genom ett kodschema och visade bland annat att det finns ett samband mellan sekularism och högre självmord, som Durkheim påstått. Det verkar främst vara den religiösa gemenskapen som fungerar som ett skyddsnät för individen och desto mer religiös en gemenskap är desto lägre självmordsfrekvens verkar framkomma. Faktorer, åsido sekularism,  som påvisade högst självmordsfrekvens var bland annat kön (män) , ålder (50+) och socioekonomiska faktorer (specifikt arbetslöshet). / Suicide is a phenomenon that has been around for as long as we can remember. Suicide and secularism are a somewhat newer phenomena but were first discussed by the sociologist Emilé Durkheim in his book Suicide (1897/1983). The purpose of this report is to examine the connection between secularism and suicide, but also other factors that may affect the suicide rate in today's modern society, based on the factors Durkheim previously identified in his book. The questions at issue on which the report is based on are 1) Is there a clear link between the secular population in a country and higher suicide rates shown in new research? And 2) According to new research, what factors, apart from secularism, affect the suicide rate in secular countries? The method used is a qualitative content analysis where specific terms and words were sought in new research. These terms are based on the factors of cause which Durkheim previously mentioned in his book. The results were presented through a ‘code scheme’ and showcased that there is a connection between secularism and higher suicide rates, as Durkheim claimed. It seems to be primarily the religious community that acts as a safety net for the individual and the more religious a community is, the lower the suicide rate appears. Factors, apart from secularism, which were linked to higher suicide rates included gender (male), age (50+) and socio-economic factors (specifically unemployment).

Social Software-Technologien finden immer stärker Einzug in den Intranets der Unternehmen. Insbesondere der Einsatz von Enterprise Wikis hat sich durchgesetzt. In diesem Paper wird untersucht, auf welche Art und Weise Enterprise Wikis eingesetzt werden können. Hierfür wird mittels der Grounded Theory-Methodik eine Untersuchung des Enterprise Wikis „TeamWeb“ der T-Systems Multimedia Solutions GmbH durchgeführt. Auf Basis einer Analyse der TeamWeb-Spaces wird eine Einsatzszenarien-Typologie konstruiert, welche die Typen „Bereichspräsentation und -kommunikation“, „Nachschlagen und Lernen“, „Projekt- und Bereichsorganisation“ und „Kollaborative Konzeption“ unterscheidet. Im Anschluss wurde die der Nutzung zugrundeliegende Motivation mit Hilfe von semi-strukturierten Gesprächen mit den Wiki-Nutzern weiterführend untersucht. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, dass die Nutzungsmotive ausschließlich egoistischer Natur sind. Diese Erkenntnis wird im Paper zu einer allgemeinen Theorie zur Nutzungsmotivation in Enterprise Wikis ausgebaut.:1. Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung und Forschungsfragen 1.2 Das Untersuchungsobjekt 1.3 Methodik und Forschungsprozess 1.4 Stand der Forschung 2 Vorschlag einer Typologie für Wiki-Einsatzszenarien 2.1 Bereichspräsentation und Kommunikation 2.2 Nachschlagen und Lernen 2.3 Bereichs- und Projektorganisation 2.4 Kollaborative Konzeption 3 Nutzungsmotivation in Enterprise Wikis 3.1 Primat der egoistischen Nutzungsmotive 3.2 Wikipedia und die Knowledge Base 2.0 – Ausnahmeerscheinungen? 3.3 Theoretisches Modell der Nutzungsmotivation in Enterprise Wikis 4 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 4.1 Kritische Würdigung 4.2 Potentiale für Anschlussforschung

Text in English with abstracts in English and Sesotho / The purpose of this study was to describe the role of Life Orientation (LO) in the development of altruistic behaviour among adolescents aged 14 t0 16 years in one rural school of Limpopo Province. The participants were purposively selected. Most communities struggle to involve adolescents in voluntary activities such as home-based care, cleaning campaigns, conducting study groups, and others, if there are no incentives such as money. The study collected data through semi-structured interviews and the altruism scale questionnaire. The latter is not a psychometric measure but a screening tool that gives a qualitative value that can be analysed. The findings of the study have shown that LO has not yet played a critical role in developing altruism in youth, especially adolescents. Participants having reported lack of perceived seriousness taken by their LO teachers on the topics during LO lessons resulted in their different perspectives and experiences regarding the subject. In addition, altruism has not been included in LO curriculum. Therefore, further investigation of the cause of belief in superstition amongst adolescents and downgrading of LO is important. / Morero wo mogolo wa dinyakišišo tše e be e le go hlalosa karolo ye bohlokwa yeo e bapalago ke Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo (Life Orientantion) gore bana bao ba golago ba thoma go tšwa mahlalegading ba hlalefa, ba mengwaga ye lesome-nne leba lesome-tshela ba godišwe le go rutwa mekgwa ye mebotse mo sekolong se sengwe seleteng sa Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Batšeikarolo dinyakišišong tše ba kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo gore ba ntšhe maikutlo a bona ka moka mabapi le tabakgolo yeo monyakišiši a bego a e nyakišiša. Batho ba bantšhi mo setšhabeng ba palelwa ke go huetša bana bao ba golago mo mešomong ya go ikgafa moo elego gore a go na moputso wa tšhelete. Mediro ye ya boikgafo e akaretša go nea balwetši ditirelo tša kalafo ya ka gae, masolo a go thlwekiša, dihlopha tša go ithuta mmogo, magareng ga tše dingwe. Dinyakišišo tše di šomišitše mokgwa wa seka-dipoledišano go tšea tshedimošo gammogo le sekala sa dipotšišo tša go šomišwa go dira diteko tša go utulla mediro ye mebotse ya Mosamaria wa kgaugelo mo setšhabeng. Maikemišetšo a sekala se sa dipotšišo ga se go dira diteko tša monagano, eupša ke sefetleki sa go dirišwa go tšea tshedimošo le go seka-seka maikutlo mabapi le gore batšeikarolo ba ikwa bjang ka tiragalo ye itšeng yeo e nyakišišwago (e sego go seka-seka dipalopalo). Dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tše di laetša gore Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo ga e sešo ya fihlelela morero wa go aga mekgwa ya botho mo bathong ba baswa. Batšeikarolo ba nyamišitšwe ke ka mokgwa woo barutiši ba thuto ye ba se nago maikemišetšo ka gona mabapi le go ruta thuto ye ka mafolofolo. Se se ile sa ba le khuetšo ye mpe go barutwana moo bailego ba hlokomologa thuto ye ka go se e tšeele hlogong gomme ba e bona ka leihlo le šele. Godimo ga moo, thuto ya go kwela batho bohloko le go ba hlankela ga se ya akaretšwa mo thutong Tshedimošo ya Bophelo. Bjalo go nyakega dinyakišišo mo go tumelo ya dinonwane magareng ga baswa bao ba golago le go nyenyefašwa ga Thuto ye ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)