This study represents an effort to interrupt the life cycle of Eimeria tenella, the parasite that causes cecal coccidiosis in chickens, with a panel of 12 gamont-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). To facilitate Mab screening, it was first necessary to develop a cell culture-adapted strain of E. tenella (field strain 80) from primary chicken kidney cells (PCKC) to white Leghorn chickens and back to PCKC. This alternation was repeated through 12 such passages. As a result, we have developed a cell culture-adapted strain of E. tenella that produces over 280% more oocysts in vitro than the original parent strain, and over six times as many oocysts as reported by other investigators. Of the 12 Mabs evaluated, Mab HD8 had the greatest inhibitory effect by significantly reducing (P<0.05) the number of E. tenella oocysts produced in cell culture by 61% compared with untreated controls. Western blot analysis revealed that the target antigen for Mab HD8 had a molecular mass of 71 and 36 kilodaltons, respectively, when run under nonreduced and reduced conditions. Subsequent evaluation of soluble and membrane-associated proteins indicated that the target antigen for Mab HD8 was membrane-associated. In vivo studies are now required to validate the efficacy of this antigen in a subunit vaccine.

Die nekrotische Enteritis (NE) und Kokzidiose des Huhnes sind häufige Darmerkrankungen weltweit und führen jedes Jahr zu hohen Wirtschaftsverlusten als Folge der Mortalität und Kosten für Behandlung und Bekämpfung. Die beiden Erkrankungen werden meistens bei Mastbroilern zwischen der 3. und 6. Lebenswoche festgestellt. Weil die leistungsfördernden Antibiotika im Geflügelfutter in der EU nicht mehr eingesetzt werden dürfen, ist das Risiko der NE in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. Fischmehl, Stress und Krankheiten sind prädisponierende Faktoren für die Entstehung der NE aber auch die Hühnerkokzidiose spielt in der Hinsicht eine wichtige Rolle. Die Mechanismen der Pathogenese bei der Wechselwirkung zwischen Kokzidiose und NE sind unklar. Bisher wurden verschiedene Infektionsmodelle zur Erforschung der NE unter Beteiligung von Ko-Infektionen zwischen Eimerien und C. perfringens eingesetzt. Dabei steht neben der Krankheitsentstehung auch die effiziente Bekämpfung dieser Erkrankung als großes Problem der Geflügelindustrie im Forschungsmittelpunkt. C. perfringens ist auch bei gesunden Tieren ein häufiger Darmbewohner, wobei bestimmte Stämme verschiedene Toxintypen wie Alpha-, TpeL- und Beta-Toxine produzieren können und damit ursächlich zur Entstehung der NE beitragen, aber ohne andere prädisponierende Auslöser kommt es in der Regel nicht zum Ausbruch. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden zwei In-vivo-Modelle zur experimentellen Induktion der NE des Huhnes entwickelt. Ziele waren sowohl die genauere Untersuchung der Pathogenese der NE durch Ko-Infektionen mit Eimerien und Kokzidien als auch die Evaluierung von potentiellen neuartigen Bekämpfungsmöglichkeiten. Außerdem wurde ein In-ovo-Modell etabliert.

Siekiant nustatyti parazitų pasireiškimo sezoniškumą bei jų intensyvumo kitimą pagal meteorologines sąlygas atlikti tyrimai ekologiniame ožkų ūkyje. Be to buvo taikytas gydymas preparatais Ivomec PLUS ir Panacur granulėmis, jų efektyvumui įvertinti. / In order to determine the seasonal distribution intensity and variations of the meteorological conditions and infection intensity of parasites in organic goat farm. In addition, to determine efficiency of fenbendazole were treated with Panacur and Ivomec PLUS.

In biennial following (spring 2005, autumn 2005, spring 2006, autumn 2006) we're rasitology examine 288 samples dropping from heifers and 288 samples dropping from bulls. Exhibits we're examined floatation in Sheather´s sugar solution. In examinate dropping we're proved present cysts Giardia intestinalis and oocysts Cryptosporidium andersoni and family Eimeria. In heifers was most frequent parasites coccidia Eimeria sp. (28,5 %). Flagellata Giardia intestinalis occur in 17 % of all designs. At least we're open up Cryptospordium andersoni (9,4 %). In bulls we're noted highest occurrence coccidia Eimeria sp. (19,1 %). Almost same occurrence we're found out near Giardia intestinalis (18,8 %). Very low prevalence we're have observed near Cryptosporidium andersoni (1,4 %).

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da mistura comercial do líquido da casca de castanha de caju e do óleo de mamona (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda., Cascavel, Brasil) no desempenho, na microbiota e no sistema imune de frangos de corte desafiados ou não por coccidiose. Ao total 864 pintos machos (Cobb) de um dia de idade foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 tratamentos (8 boxes/tratamento e 18 pintos/box) em um desenho fatorial 3 x 2 com 3 aditivos: controle (sem aditivo), 100 ppm de monensina ou 0,15% de Essential e 2 níveis de desafio aos 14 dias de idade: não desafiados ou inoculados por gavagem com 1mL de solução contendo oocistos esporulados de E. tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima. Os resultados foram divididos em dois artigos. Artigo 1: Na primeira semana após desafio, as aves desafiadas suplementadas com monensina apresentaram maior ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR) e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) (P <0,05), porém na segunda semana o Essential apresentou maior GP e melhor CA (P <0,05), aos 42 dias de idade, ambos os grupos não se diferiram em GP, CR, PV e foram maiores do que o controle (P <0,05). A utilização de monensina em aves desafiadas reduziu o número cópias do domínio bactéria e de E.coli (P<0,05), por sua vez, a suplementação com Essential reduziu Clostridium Cluster XIV, Clostridium perfringens e Staphylococcus aureus em relação aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). As aves não desafiadas que receberam Essential ou monensina apresentaram menor população de C.perfringens e S. aureus (P<0,05). Artigo 2: O grupo que recebeu Essential aumentou a expressão gênica de IFN-y, IL-6 e TNF-α (P<0,05) e o grupo controle aumentou a expressão gênica de COX-2 e IL-1 em relação aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). As aves não desafiadas que receberam monensina apresentaram maior expressão gênica de IFN-y, COX-2 e IL-1 comparadas aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05), ao contrário do grupo com Essential que reduziu a expressão gênica com exceção do TNF-α. Aos 7 e 14 dias após o desafio houve maior excreção de oocistos para o grupo controle, Essential e monensina não diferiram-se (P>0,05). Assim, o Essential melhorou o desempenho de frangos de corte infectados por coccidiose após a segunda semana do desafio e atuou como um modulador da microbiota intestinal e do sistema imune, direcionando a resposta inflamatória contra o parasita. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercial mixture of cashew shell liquid and castor oil (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda., Cascavel, Brazil) on growth performance, immunity and microbiota in broilers challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 864 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments (8 pens/treatment and 18 birds/pen) in a 3 x 2 factorial design with 3 additives: control (no additive), 100 ppm of monensin, and 0.15% of Essential; and 2 challenge levels at 14 days of age: no challenge and inoculation by gavage of 1 ml of a solution containing sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. The results were divided into two articles. Article 1: In the first week after challenge, challenged birds supplemented with monensin showed higher LW, WG, FI and better FCR (P <0.05), but in the second week Essential presented higher WG and better FCR (P <0.05), at 42 days of age, both groups did not differ in WG, FI, and LW and were higher than the control (P <0.05). The use of monensin in challenged birds reduced the number of copies of the bacteria domain and of E.coli (P<0,05). In turn, Essential supplementation reduced Clostridium Cluster XIV, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus in relation to the other treatments (P<0,05). The unchallenged birds that received Essential or monensin presented a lower population of C.perfringens and S. aureus (P<0,05). In addition, Essential presented higher number of copies of Lactobacillus spp., followed by monensin and control (P <0.05). Article 2: The group that received Essential increased the gene expression of IFN-y, IL-6 e TNF-α (P<0,05) and the control group increased the gene expression of COX-2 and IL-1 in relation to the other treatments (P <0.05). The unchallenged birds that received monensin presented upregulated expression of IFN-y, COX-2 and IL-1 compared to the other treatments (P <0.05), unlike the Essential group, which reduced gene expression with the exception of TNF-α. At 7 and 14 days after the challenge there was a higher excretion of oocysts for the control group, Essential and monensin did not differ (P>0,05). Thus, Essential improved the performance of coccidiosis-infected broiler chickens after the second week of challenge, as well as acts as a modulator of intestinal flora and immune system, directing the inflammatory response against the parasite.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736245.pdf: 362401 bytes, checksum: db0d5c05d5ead7b8673fe2bf19b56ffd (MD5) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito das cascas do barbatimão verdadeiro (Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart.) Coville, sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte e a atividade terapêutica no controle da eimeriose aviária. Foi utilizado um total de 700 pintos Cobb, machos, de um dia que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos corresponderam ao controle negativo não infectado, um controle positivo infectado e não tratado, outro controle positivo infectado tratado com salinomicina e dois tratamentos infectados e tratados com 1,5 e 3,00 ppm de barbatimão. As aves foram desafiadas com cepas contendo a espécie de Eimeria maxima. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos através da contagem de oocistos nas fezes e mortalidade. Realizou-se a determinação do consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, peso vivo e viabilidade criatória das aves. Nos índices zootécnicos avaliados houve diferença estatística no consumo de ração nas fases inicial e crescimento. Com 42 dias houve diferença na conversão alimentar, peso vivo e viabilidade criatória. Houve redução da contagem de oocistos nas fezes das aves tratadas com barbatimão 1,5 e 3,00 ppm. No escore de lesão os tratamentos controle positivo desafiado tratado com salinomicina e com barbatimão 3,00 ppm apresentaram as menores médias. Sendo assim, infere-se que o fitoterápico proveniente de cascas moídas de barbatimão nas doses testadas 1,5 e 3,00 ppm auxilia no controle da eimeriose aviária, de forma progressiva à dose utilizada, atuando na redução de oocistos eliminados e no escore de lesão / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peels barbatimão true (Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart.) Coville on the performance of broilers and therapeutic activity in the control of avian eimeriosis. Was used a total of 700 Cobb chicks, males of a day that were randomly assigned to five treatments with four replications. The treatments corresponded to the uninfected negative control, a positive control infected and not treated, another positive control treated with salinomycin and infected two treatments infected and treated with 1.5 and 3, 00 ppm barbatimão. Birds were challenged with strains containing the species of Eimeria maxima. Clinical parameters were evaluated by counting oocysts in the feces and mortality. Was carried out to determine the feed intake, feed conversion, weight gain, weight alive and production viability of poultry. Indexes evaluated in statistical difference in feed intake in early and growth. With 42 days was no difference in feed conversion, live weight and production viability. Was reduction of oocyst count in feces of treated birds barbatimão with 1.5 and 3.00 ppm. Injury score in the positive control treatments challenged treated with salinomycin and barbatimão 3.00 ppm had the lowest averages. Accordingly, it is inferred that the herbal medicine from milled peels barbatimão the doses tested 1.5 and 3.00 ppm helps to control avian eimeriosis progressively the dose used, aimed at reducing oocysts eliminated and the lesion score

Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000870502.pdf: 1430602 bytes, checksum: eba1658f28dab4763efaa8eafcf24462 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The eimeriosis is an important parasitic disease in rabbits, that can host 11 species of Eimeria. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted through food, drinking water and by contact with infected animals and people. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples of rabbits, perform their molecular classification and relate the presence of the parasites to the different categories in the Brazilian farms. Fecal samples (n = 514) were collected from 21 farms. The oocysts were purified and visualized by microscopy. Fifty five samples positive for Eimeria spp. using microscopy were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of a partial fragment of the ITS1 region of the rRNA gene of Eimeria spp. and the 18S rRNA and the gp60 glycoprotein genes of Cryptosporidium spp.. The microscopy revealed positivity of 19.45% (100/514) for Eimeria spp. and 1.56% (8/514) for Cryptosporidium spp.. The PCR identified E. exigua (14.5%), E. flavescens (61.8%), E. intestinalis (16.36%), E. irresidua (16.4%), E. magna (50.9 %), E. media (3.6%), E. perforans (36.4%), E. piriformis (20.0%), E. stiedai (7.3%) and E. vejdovskyi (7.3 %). Higher positivity was observed in mini rabbits 33.17% (69/208), young rabbits 46.67% (35/75) and in lactating females 24.47% (23/94). Seven samples were positive by PCR (12.73%; 7/55) for Cryptosporidium spp.. Molecular analysis revealed Cryptosporidium cuniculus (18S rRNA) and C. cuniculus subtype VbA21 (gp60) in young rabbits and in does

Resumo:A eimeriose é a enfermidade parasitária importante em coelhos, que são hospedeiros de 11 espécies de Eimeria. A criptosporidiose é uma zoonose que pode ser transmitida por meio de alimentos e água contaminados com oocistos eliminados por animais e pessoas infectadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de Eimeria spp. e de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de coelhos, realizar a classificação molecular e relacionar a presença dos parasitos às diferentes categorias, em criações brasileiras. Amostras fecais (n = 514) foram colhidas de 21 granjas. Os oocistos foram purificados e visualizados por microscopia. Cinquenta e cinco amostras positivas para Eimeria spp., pela microscopia, foram submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para amplificação de fragmento parcial da região ITS1 do gene do rRNA de Eimeria spp. e dos genes da subunidade 18S do rRNA e da glicloproteína GP60 de Cryptosporidium spp.. A microscopia revelou positividade de 19,45% (100/514) para Eimeria spp. e de 1,56% (8/514) para Cryptosporidium spp.. A PCR identificou E. exigua (14,5%), E. flavescens (61,8%), E. intestinalis (16,36%), E. irresidua (16,4%), E. magna (50,9%), E. media (3,6%), E. perforans (36,4%), E. piriformis (20,0%), E. stiedai (7,3%) e E. vejdovskyi (7,3%). Maior positividade foi observada em mini coelhos 33,17% (69/208), coelhos jovens 46,67% (35/75) e em fêmeas lactantes 24,47% (23/94). Sete amostras foram positivas pela PCR (12,73%; 7/55) para Cryptosporidium spp.. Pela análise molecular foi possível identificar Cryptosporidium cuniculus (18S rRNA) e C. cuniculus subtipo VbA21 (gp60) em coelhos jovens e matrizes. / Abstract:The eimeriosis is an important parasitic disease in rabbits, that can host 11 species of Eimeria. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted through food, drinking water and by contact with infected animals and people. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples of rabbits, perform their molecular classification and relate the presence of the parasites to the different categories in the Brazilian farms. Fecal samples (n = 514) were collected from 21 farms. The oocysts were purified and visualized by microscopy. Fifty five samples positive for Eimeria spp. using microscopy were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of a partial fragment of the ITS1 region of the rRNA gene of Eimeria spp. and the 18S rRNA and the gp60 glycoprotein genes of Cryptosporidium spp.. The microscopy revealed positivity of 19.45% (100/514) for Eimeria spp. and 1.56% (8/514) for Cryptosporidium spp.. The PCR identified E. exigua (14.5%), E. flavescens (61.8%), E. intestinalis (16.36%), E. irresidua (16.4%), E. magna (50.9 %), E. media (3.6%), E. perforans (36.4%), E. piriformis (20.0%), E. stiedai (7.3%) and E. vejdovskyi (7.3 %). Higher positivity was observed in mini rabbits 33.17% (69/208), young rabbits 46.67% (35/75) and in lactating females 24.47% (23/94). Seven samples were positive by PCR (12.73%; 7/55) for Cryptosporidium spp.. Molecular analysis revealed Cryptosporidium cuniculus (18S rRNA) and C. cuniculus subtype VbA21 (gp60) in young rabbits and in does / Orientador:Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles / Banca:Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira / Banca:Paola Moretti Rueda / Banca:Giane Serafim da Silva / Banca:Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani / Doutor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da mistura comercial do líquido da casca de castanha de caju e do óleo de mamona (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda., Cascavel, Brasil) no desempenho, na microbiota e no sistema imune de frangos de corte desafiados ou não por coccidiose. Ao total 864 pintos machos (Cobb) de um dia de idade foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 tratamentos (8 boxes/tratamento e 18 pintos/box) em um desenho fatorial 3 x 2 com 3 aditivos: controle (sem aditivo), 100 ppm de monensina ou 0,15% de Essential e 2 níveis de desafio aos 14 dias de idade: não desafiados ou inoculados por gavagem com 1mL de solução contendo oocistos esporulados de E. tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima. Os resultados foram divididos em dois artigos. Artigo 1: Na primeira semana após desafio, as aves desafiadas suplementadas com monensina apresentaram maior ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR) e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) (P <0,05), porém na segunda semana o Essential apresentou maior GP e melhor CA (P <0,05), aos 42 dias de idade, ambos os grupos não se diferiram em GP, CR, PV e foram maiores do que o controle (P <0,05). A utilização de monensina em aves desafiadas reduziu o número cópias do domínio bactéria e de E.coli (P<0,05), por sua vez, a suplementação com Essential reduziu Clostridium Cluster XIV, Clostridium perfringens e Staphylococcus aureus em relação aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). As aves não desafiadas que receberam Essential ou monensina apresentaram menor população de C.perfringens e S. aureus (P<0,05). Artigo 2: O grupo que recebeu Essential aumentou a expressão gênica de IFN-y, IL-6 e TNF-α (P<0,05) e o grupo controle aumentou a expressão gênica de COX-2 e IL-1 em relação aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). As aves não desafiadas que receberam monensina apresentaram maior expressão gênica de IFN-y, COX-2 e IL-1 comparadas aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05), ao contrário do grupo com Essential que reduziu a expressão gênica com exceção do TNF-α. Aos 7 e 14 dias após o desafio houve maior excreção de oocistos para o grupo controle, Essential e monensina não diferiram-se (P>0,05). Assim, o Essential melhorou o desempenho de frangos de corte infectados por coccidiose após a segunda semana do desafio e atuou como um modulador da microbiota intestinal e do sistema imune, direcionando a resposta inflamatória contra o parasita. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercial mixture of cashew shell liquid and castor oil (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda., Cascavel, Brazil) on growth performance, immunity and microbiota in broilers challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 864 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments (8 pens/treatment and 18 birds/pen) in a 3 x 2 factorial design with 3 additives: control (no additive), 100 ppm of monensin, and 0.15% of Essential; and 2 challenge levels at 14 days of age: no challenge and inoculation by gavage of 1 ml of a solution containing sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. The results were divided into two articles. Article 1: In the first week after challenge, challenged birds supplemented with monensin showed higher LW, WG, FI and better FCR (P <0.05), but in the second week Essential presented higher WG and better FCR (P <0.05), at 42 days of age, both groups did not differ in WG, FI, and LW and were higher than the control (P <0.05). The use of monensin in challenged birds reduced the number of copies of the bacteria domain and of E.coli (P<0,05). In turn, Essential supplementation reduced Clostridium Cluster XIV, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus in relation to the other treatments (P<0,05). The unchallenged birds that received Essential or monensin presented a lower population of C.perfringens and S. aureus (P<0,05). In addition, Essential presented higher number of copies of Lactobacillus spp., followed by monensin and control (P <0.05). Article 2: The group that received Essential increased the gene expression of IFN-y, IL-6 e TNF-α (P<0,05) and the control group increased the gene expression of COX-2 and IL-1 in relation to the other treatments (P <0.05). The unchallenged birds that received monensin presented upregulated expression of IFN-y, COX-2 and IL-1 compared to the other treatments (P <0.05), unlike the Essential group, which reduced gene expression with the exception of TNF-α. At 7 and 14 days after the challenge there was a higher excretion of oocysts for the control group, Essential and monensin did not differ (P>0,05). Thus, Essential improved the performance of coccidiosis-infected broiler chickens after the second week of challenge, as well as acts as a modulator of intestinal flora and immune system, directing the inflammatory response against the parasite.

In two years of observation, (spring 2006, autumn 2006, spring 2007 and autumn 2007) were being screened for parasites in total 495 faecal samples coming out of three farms from Ceske Budejovice (285 samples of sucking pigs not older then 28 days and 174 samples of piglets not older then 8 weeks). The method used to examine those samples was a flotation-concentrating method (Sheather{\crq}s carbohydrate fusion) and in the year of 2007 was also used a specific aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method to detect the Cryptosporidium spp. followed by positive molecular characterized (direct sequencing of partial SSU rRNA partial genes and PCR-RFLP at the SSU rRNA). In screened samples were mainly detected parasites named Cryptosporidium spp., found in 4,1% of faecal samples in 2006 and in 2007 in 32,8% faecal samples, out of which 14,4% was found in pre-weaned piglets samples and 26,4% in post-weaned piglets. Based on genotyping provided on positive samples out of the year 2007, using method of sequensing analysis SSU rRNA, was the occurence of C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II aC. Muris described. High prevalence of Isosporou suis 13,9 % (64/459) was also detected with its appearance, in particular, in pre-weaned piglets 21,4 % (61/285). Further on, some of other identified group was Eimerie spp. 5,7 % (26/459) infecting, in the main, post-weaned piglets 10,9% (19/174) and Giardia intestinalis 2,4 % (10/459). Most of the samples mentioned occured in conditioned faeces and there is no seasonal relationship to the parasital occurance.