Traditional familial care has been challenged due to the reduction of family size and increased mobility of the Chinese population. Institutional elder care is increasingly becoming an alternative to familial care. This study explores the relationship between ownership of elder care home and care quality, using data collected in 2010 from 157 homes in Tianjin. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study: 1) There is a difference between government and non government-owned facilities in facility characteristics; 2) Government-owned facilities have better care quality outcomes. The t-test results showed that government-owned elder care homes had advantages in economic resources, staffing and the availability of services. Government-owned facilities reported lower mortality rate compared to non government-owned facilities. Multi-variant regression analysis showed that economic resources—whether funding from the government or high payments from care-recipients in private facilities--are important factors predicting higher levels of care quality. These results indicate that the Chinese government continues to play an important role in institutional long term care; in the meantime, private market is increasing its prominence in the long term care market.

Mock juror perception of institutional elder neglect (IEN) was investigated in a civil court context. Participants (N=148) read a fictional IEN civil trial summary in which an alleged elderly female victim filed a lawsuit against her nursing home for failure to provide adequate care but died prior to trial. Participants read a version in which (a) previously recorded video testimony from the alleged victim was presented, (b) the alleged victim’s floor-mate testified about witnessing the neglect, or (c) no witness testimony was presented. An ageism scale was completed, and participants indicated the amount of time they spend with elders. Results indicated that there were no main effects of testimony or ageism on likelihood of ruling for the alleged victim, but recorded victim testimony had an indirect effect on ruling through overall plaintiff’s case credibility and pro-victim ratings. Participants who typically had more contact with elders were more likely to rule for the plaintiff and have pro-victim ratings. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of juror attitudes towards elderly people in IEN cases.

Bakgrund och problem: Självbestämmanderätt är en grundprincip i socialtjänstlagen och ska genomsyra allt socialt arbete. Socialtjänstlagen gör ingen skillnad på friska eller sjuka människor, vilket kan skapa dilemman för biståndshandläggare vid behovsbedömning. Syfte och frågeställningar: Studiens syfte är att uppnå en förståelse kring hur bistånds-handläggare arbetar med självbestämmanderätt och inflytande vid behovsbedömning. Studiens frågeställningar är följande: Hur ser biståndshandläggare på äldres självbestämmanderätt när det finns en bristande insikt i de egna behoven? Hur hanterar biståndshandläggare anhörigas inflytande? Metod: Studien är influerad av en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodblandning och består av en vinjett besvarad av 24 biståndshandläggare, samtliga arbetande utifrån socialtjänstlagen inriktat mot äldreomsorg. Det insamlade empirimaterialet från biståndshandläggarna har bearbetats genom en tematisk analys. Resultat och slutsatser: Resultatet visar att biståndshandläggare menar att den äldre har självbestämmanderätt trots bristande insikt i sina egna behov. Biståndshandläggarnas utsagor visar att den moraliska aspekten att göra gott för den äldre väger tyngre än dennes självbestämmanderätt. Resultatet visar att anhöriga har ett stort inflytande och spelar en viktig roll vid behovsbedömning.

Darbo tikslas – pagaminti skystuosius etanolinius šeivamedžių žiedų ir uogų ekstraktus bei sirupus ir įvertinti kaip ekstrahento koncentracija ir kiekis lemia pagamintų preparatų kokybę. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Remiantis mokslo literatūros duomenimis parinkti tinkamą ekstrahentą, racionalų ekstrahavimo metodą bei optimalų žaliavos ir ekstrahento santykį gaminamiems skystiesiems ekstraktams iš šeivamedžių žiedų ir uogų. 2. Taikant analizės metodus įvertinti ekstrahento koncentracijos įtaką pagamintų skystųjų ekstraktų kokybei, nustatant fenolinių junginių kiekį, sausą likutį, antioksidacinį aktyvumą, antocianinų kiekį. 3. Sirupų gamybai parinkti geriausiomis savybėmis pasižyminčius šeivamedžių uogų ir žiedų skystuosius ekstraktus. 4. Taikant analizės metodus įvertinti ekstrakto kiekio įtaką sirupų kokybei, nustatant fenolinių junginių kiekį, antioksidacinį aktyvumą, dinaminę klampą ir juslines savybes. 5. Įvertinti pagamintų sirupų stabilumą. Tyrimo metodai. Bendras fenolinių junginių kiekis šeivamedžių uogų ir žiedų ekstraktuose nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu pagal galo rūgštį. Antioksidacinis aktyvumas nustatytas spektrofotometriškai pagal DPPH• radikalo sujungimo metodą. Gravimetriniu metodu nustatytas sausasis skystųjų ekstraktų likutis. Antocianinai nustatyti pH diferenciniu spektrofotometriniu metodu. Sirupų kokybė ir stabilumas įvertinti pagal fenolinių junginių kiekį, antioksidacinį aktyvumą, dinaminę klampą, lūžio rodiklį, juslines savybes. Gauti rezultatai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective of work – produce ethanolic liquid elder flower and berries extracts and syrups, and evaluate the extraction solvent concentration and quantity produced is determined by product quality. The tasks of this research are: 1. According to the literature, to select proportion of the substance and extractive solvent, a rational extractive solvent and the method of production of liquid ethanolic extracts from Elder flowers and berries. 2. To assess the impact of ethanol concentration for quality of the liquid extracts by assessing dry residue level, amount of phenolic compouds, antioxidant activity and amount of anthocyanins. 3. To produce syrups, from received ethanolic liquid extracts. 4. To assess the impact of the extract amount for quality of the syrups by assessing amount of phenolic compouds, antioxidant activity, viscosity and organoleptic properties. 5. To evaluate stability of syrups. Methods. Elder flower and fruit ethanolic liquid extracts were analyzed by using spectrophotometric method for total amount of phenolic compounds expressed by gallic acid. Antioxidative activity was determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH radical scavenging method. Gravimetric method was used for determination of dry residue levels. Anthocyanins were determined by using pH differential spectrophotometric method. Syrups quality and stability measured to determine the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, dynamic viscosity, refractive index and organoleptic properties... [to full text]

根據內政部人口統計資料顯示，我國在1993年65歲以上人口占全國總人口數的7.1%，已達到聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）所訂的高齡化社會（aging society）7%的指標，另2009年12月老年人口數已達245萬7,648人，占全國總人口數10.6%，續創歷年新高。在人口老化已是全球普遍的現象時，未來高齡人口只會逐年增加，實有必要關注此一族群，在邁向高齡期的過程中，所引發的需求及其面臨的挑戰。因此，人口高齡化必然是當前重要的議題，而高齡教育更是值得探討的課題。本研究旨在瞭解我國高齡教育推動現況，並討論我國高齡教育政策、法令建置與經費情形及各類高齡教育學習資源之統整機制，並研析我國創新高齡教育實施方式之可能性，進而對當前政府推動高齡教育所面臨之困境提出策進建議。 本研究經由相關理論文獻探討及深度訪談的綜合分析，研究發現國內高齡教育傳統上由社會行政部門主導，且高齡教育機構種類多元豐富；晚近，教育行政部門開始介入，繼而訂頒老人教育政策白皮書，宣示政府高度重視高齡教育政策，2007年修正老人福利法並明定高齡教育係由教育行政主管部門主政，至此，國內高齡教育由社會福利取向轉至教育取向時代。此外，國內高齡教育仍面臨政策執行、法令及預算、實務推動及學術研究與人才培育等問題尚待克服。另外先進國家推動高齡教育之經驗，在心態上、經費補助、資源整合、行銷推廣及協助措施等面向頗值得我國學習、參考之處。研究最後建議教育主管機關未來應依據老人政策白皮書七項政策目標、十一項執行策略，研訂各項實施計畫，另提供八項具體建議供教育主管機關未來推動高齡教育政策時參考。 / According to the Ministry of the Interior census statistics, in 1993, 7.1% of the population was above the age of 65, surpassing the UNESCO defined 7% benchmark for an aging society. By December 2009, this population group has reached 2.45 million people, a record breaking 10.6% of the total population. The trend of population aging has become a global phenomenon, making it necessary to focus on the needs of this growing demographic and understand the challenges they face reaching venerable age. Consequently, the issues surrounding an aging population has become increasingly important, and the topic on the elder education requires in-depth analysis and discussion. This research aims to understand the current progress on the implementation of elder education, and discusses the governing polices, established laws, budget situation, and resource integration mechanisms. Further analysis demonstrates the possibility of innovating elder education practices and provides strategic recommendations to resolve current implementation challenges. Analysis of literatures, theories, and interviews showed that elder education was traditionally spearheaded by social agencies and has in place a wide variety of educational establishments and facilities. Following the amendment of the Senior Citizens’ Welfare Act in 2007 and the issuance of the White Paper on Senior Education Policy, the government has demonstrated its commitment to elder education by allowing educational agencies to assume the leading role. Elder education has since shifted from a form of social welfare to an education-oriented policy. Despite recent progress, elder education still faces the challenges of policy implementation, legislative hurdles, budget funding, practical applications, academic research, and talent building. Learning from the experiences of developed nations, Taiwan can gain from the aspects of attitude, budget support, resource integration, marketing, and assistance programs. This research suggests the educational agencies in charge to develop future implementation plans according to Item 7 (Policy Goals) and Item 11 (Implementation Strategy) of the White Paper on Senior Education Policy, and provides eight specific recommendations for future references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Seneca the Elder’s Controversiae and Suasoriae (c. 39 CE) provide a window onto declamation (fictional forensic or deliberative oratory) during the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BCE–CE 14). Although widely practiced as a form of elite education and entertainment, declamation was maligned by contemporaries as detrimental to rhetorical development. Modern scholars, such as Bloomer, Gunderson and Imber, have demonstrated how declamation acted as a medium for learning and asserting elite cultural identity. Previous scholarship, however, has focused on only the speaker in declamation. In this thesis I examine the secondary voices present during declamation: other speakers and the audience. In Chapter 1, I place Seneca the Elder and his work in context and examine how the format of his work allowed for the inclusion of voices beyond the speaker’s. In Chapter 2, I examine how declamation allowed its participants to assert a claim on Roman identity and lay out Seneca’s critical model, through which he validated or denied the identity-claims of the men in his work. In Chapter 3, I look at declamation as a multi-participant activity, examining speaker-to-speaker interactions in Seneca’s text and the way he constructs a community of shared speech, one which is tied to successful performance rather than a particular time or place, to support these interactions. In Chapter 4, I argue that Seneca uses the voice of the audience to assert and maintain the boundaries of the community and that he applies the label of scholastici (men who viewed declamation exclusively as entertainment) to audience members who fail to maintain the boundaries and, thus, rebuts the main complaint against declamation by relegating its unsuccessful participants to another genre of speech. / Graduate

Self-Neglect among older adults is a major concern in the United States. It is estimated that one in ten older adults report experiencing some form of abuse or potential for neglect (Acierno et al., 2010). The National Center on Elder Abuse has estimated that for every one case of elder abuse, neglect, exploitation, or self-neglect reported to authorities, about five more cases go unreported (National Elder Abuse Incidence Study, 1998). Among literature regarding elder mistreatment, researchers have indicated self-neglect as the most common form of elder abuse and neglect reported to adult protection and social service agencies (Dong, Simon, & Evans, 2012). Maintaining the environment is one of the most frequently cited concerns of elder self-neglect reported to adult protection services (Dyer et al., 2006). This study evaluated the efficacy of an intervention, found within the environmental neglect literature, as an intervention for environmental symptoms of self-neglect among older adults.

O envelhecimento populacional vem sendo alvo de atenção no Brasil, uma vez que está ocorrendo um aumento significativo do número de idosos na população. Observa-se que juntamente com essa transição demográfica, ocorre a transição epidemiológica. A preocupação com doenças infecto-contagiosas perde lugar para a alta prevalência das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, e a população idosa é a mais acometida por essas doenças. Nesta situação, a família desempenha um papel fundamental na manutenção e controle da doença de seus membros, pois cabe a ela arcar com a continuidade do cuidado ao indivíduo no seu processo de viver. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo construir um modelo conceitual de cuidado familiar ao idoso com condição crônica, com base nos significados construídos nas interações sociais, identificando, deste modo, como a família vivencia o processo de cuidar do idoso com condição crônica e interpretando os significados do cuidado familiar à este idoso. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico. Participaram da pesquisa oito famílias de idosos com doença crônica não-transmissível. As famílias foram selecionadas a partir da Equipe de Saúde da Família 15 do município de Maringá-PR, sendo as mesmas acompanhadas no período de agosto de 2005 a maio de 2006. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se como técnica de coleta de dados a observação participante, entrevistas e análise de documentos, realizadas nos domicílios das famílias. A participação em diferentes momentos da vida das famílias e seus membros idosos, bem como os depoimentos permitiram compreender a vivência do cuidado ao idoso com doença crônica, expressa através de conceitos desenvolvidos em três processos: A identificação da doença crônica do idoso, A convivência com a cronicidade da doença do idoso e Os serviços de saúde na vida das famílias. O primeiro processo é constituído por quatro categorias analíticas, sendo estas: A vivência das dificuldades na fase aguda da doença; O processo de adaptação; O reconhecimento da cronicidade da doença; e A perspectiva do futuro incerto. O segundo processo também é composto por quatro categorias: A presença do idoso independente na família; A vivência do cuidado ao idoso dependente; Estratégias utilizadas no cuidado do idoso; e Perceber-se vulnerável. O terceiro processo é formado por uma categoria analítica: O serviço público de saúde no cuidado ao idoso. A organização desse modelo teórico revelou que, na construção de significados sobre o viver e envelhecer com a presença da doença crônica, a capacidade funcional do idoso é um fator significativo e determinante no processo de cuidar e ser cuidado. / The population aging has turned into the target of attention in Brazil, since a significant increase of the number of the senior citizens is going on. It is observed that while the demographic transition happens, there is also the epidemiological transition. The concern with contagious diseases loses its position to the high prevalence of non-transmissible chronic diseases, and the elderly population is the most affected by those diseases. In this situation, the family has a fundamental role in the maintenance and control of the disease of its members, for it is the family duty to continue caring for the individual in the living process. Therefore, the present study aims to build a conceptual model of the care of the family towards the aged person in chronic condition, based on the meanings built in the social interactions, identifying, this way, how the family lives the process of caring for the elderly with chronic condition and interpreting the meanings of care of the family towards the elder. As a methodological reference the Grounded Theory and the theoretical reference of the Symbolic Interactionism were used. Eight families of senior people with non-transmissible chronic disease participated of the research. The families were selected through the Family Health Team 15 in Maringá, and they were followed from August 2005 through May 2006. For the evolution of the investigation, participant observation, interviews and documents analysis in the families\' residences were used as data gathering. The participation in different moments of the families and their seniors\' life, and also their testimonies permitted to understand the experience of caring for the elder with chronic disease, expressed through developed concepts in three processes: Identifying the chronic disease, Living with the chronicity of the disease and the Health services in the families\' life. The first process is constituted by four analytical categories. They are: Living the difficulties in the acute phase of the disease; The adjustment process; The recognition of the chronicity of the disease; and The perspective of an uncertain future. The second process is also formed by four categories: The presence of the independent aged in the family; The living of the care towards the dependent aged; Strategies used on the caring of the elder; and Perceiving oneself as vulnerable. The third process is formed by an analytical category: The health public service towards the caring for the elder. The organization of this theoretical model revealed that, in the construction of meanings about living and aging with the presence of a chronic disease, the capacity of the elder is a significant factor and it is determinant in the caring and being cared process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_cvl_me_rcla.pdf: 410260 bytes, checksum: 7c8c1eb5db6b0bb9714b2570558de881 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Acompanhando a tendência mundial de envelhecimento populacional, a população idosa brasileira também tem aumentado. As consequências do envelhecimento da mundial são importantes sob o ponto de vista social, da saúde e de políticas publicas. O processo de envelhecimento promove uma redução das reservas de vários sistemas orgânicos. Esses sistemas ficam mais vulneráveis, tornando as pessoas idosas mais suscetíveis ao aparecimento de doenças, diminuindo a independência das mesmas. Intervenções não farmacológicas que promovam a manutenção ou até a melhora das funções físicas e cognitivas dos idosos têm sido alvo de muitos estudos. Por isso o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos da prática do Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) na capacidade funcional e funções cognitivas de pessoas idosas. Para tal foram selecionados 86 idosos (60 anos ou mais), subdivididos em 4 grupos: GSSE(praticavam apenas as sequências do SSE, n=21), GSSE+EB (praticavam as sequências do SSE e exercícios básicos, n=25), GEB (praticavam exercícios básicos, n=20), e controle (n=20). Esta pesquisa apresentou delineamento longitudinal, com duração de 4 meses E as sessões de treinamento aconteceram 3x/semana, com duração de 40 minutos cada. Todos foram avaliados cognitivamente antes e depois dos 4 meses de intervenção através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Teste de Atenção Concentrada Tolouse-Pierón, teste Dígitos Direto e Indireto, Teste Modificado de Classificação de Cartas (TMCC), e foram avaliados motoramente através da bateria de testes AAHPERD, Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEFB) e Timed Up and Go TUG). Os dados paramétricos foram analisados utilizando ANOVA One Way e Anova Two Way, e os não paramétricos através do... / The world is aging, so is Brazil, where the elderly population has also increased. The consequences of world population aging are important from the social, health and public policy point of view. Aging process promotes a depletion of many organ systems. These systems are more vulnerable, which makes old people more susceptible to disease onset, reducing their independence. Non-pharmacological interventions that promote the maintenance or even improvement of cognition and functional fitness in elderly have been the subject of many studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of the practice of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on cognition and functional fitness of older people. There were selected 86 elderly (60 years old or more), divided into four groups: GSSE (who practiced only the sequences of the SSE, n=21), GSSE+EB (who practiced SSE sequences and basic exercises, n=25), GEB (who practiced basic exercises n=20) and control (n=20). The training lasted 4 months, with 40 minutes and 3x/week sessions. All participants were cognitively evaluated before and after 4 months of intervention using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Toulouse-Pierón Attention test, Digit Span, Modified Sorting Card test (TMCC). In addition, motor skills were evaluated through the battery of tests AAHPERD, Berg Balance Scale (EEFB) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). The parametric data was analyzed using One Way Anova and Two Way ANOVA, and the for nonparametric data was used U-Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. The U-Mann Whitney and One way Anova tests showed that the groups were equal in all the variables at baseline. The results showed that the three groups that received some... (Complete abstract click electronic access)