1 Abstract As a topic of the diploma thesis I have chosen the issue of electronic signature in relation to administrative proceedings. The field of electronic communication is incredibly diverse and it is growing very dynamically. For this reason, I found the topic interesting and usable in the future. There have not been many theses on this topic yet, so I did not have to solve the problem that it was not original. I have always had a positive attitude towards digital technology. At the same time, I was fortunate that I could have always been informed about information technologies by someone who was interested in the issue much earlier. No matter whether it was more experienced family member, high school teacher who by far exceeded the capacities of the educational institution, or patient colleague at work. As stated at the beginning, this work could not have been finished without the contribution of my father, who has been involved in the issue of electronic signatures for a long time, and who brought me to the idea of choosing this topic. The aim of this work was to describe possibilities of application of electronic signing in administrative proceedings, or in communication with public authorities. However, a simple description of the legislation, which is presently in practice, would not be...

I Sverige är mobilapplikationen Mobilt BankID, med sina 7,8 miljoner användare år 2020 ett av de mest använda sätten att bekräfta sin identitet på internet eller för att ge autentisering med digital signatur. Applikationen är utvecklad av Finansiell ID-Teknik AB, ett företag som ägs av bankerna och accepteras som giltig identitetshandling av ett brett utbud av e-tjänster som tillhandahålls av myndigheter, sjukvård, banker och olika företag.Som svenska medier rapporterat har det förekommit en stor mängd bedrägerier relaterade till användningen av Mobilt BankID, främst riktad mot äldre. Syftet med denna studie är både att undersöka identifierade säkerhetsrisker gällande applikationen genom en litteraturstudie av tidigare vetenskaplig forskning, populärvetenskapliga artiklar och tidningsartiklar, samt genom att kombinera semistrukturerade intervjuer och en enkätundersökning riktad till användare i åldersintervallet 60-80 år, undersöka om respondenterna är medvetna om befintliga säkerhetsrisker eller har blivit utsatta för bedrägerier. Slutligen fastställer vi om respondenterna känner att de positiva aspekterna av att använda Mobilt BankID överväger de möjliga säkerhetsriskerna.Resultaten visar att det inte finns någon tidigare vetenskaplig forskning som identifierar säkerhetsrisker gällande den svenska versionen av Mobilt BankID. En liten majoritet av respondenterna är medvetna om att vissa risker finns men endast ett fåtal har utsatts för bedrägerier eller upplevt några säkerhetsrelaterade problem. De flesta respondenterna tycks ha en positiv inställning till applikationen och anser den vara trygg och lätt att använda. / In Sweden, the mobile application Mobilt BankID, with its 7,8 million users as of 2020 is among the most frequently used ways to confirm one's identity over the internet or to provide authorisation by digital signatures. The application is developed by Finansiell ID-Teknik AB, a company owned by the banks and is accepted as valid proof of identity by a wide range of e-services provided by the government, healthcare, banks and various companies.As reported by Swedish media there has been a high volume of frauds related to the use of Mobilt BankID primarily targeting the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate identified security risks related to the application through a literature study of previous scientific research, popular science articles and newspaper articles, as well as by combining semi-structured interviews and a survey aimed at users in the 60-80 age range, investigating whether respondents are aware existing security risks or have been exposed to fraud. Finally, we are determining whether the respondents feel that the positive aspects of using Mobilt BankID exceed possible security risks.The results we obtain show that there is no previous scientific research investigating security threats posed to the Swedish version of Mobilt BankID. A weak majority of our respondents are aware that certain security threats exist but almost none have been exposed to attacks or experienced any security-related problems. Most of the respondents seem to have a positive attitude towards the application finding it trustworthy and easy to use.

As digitalisation continues to spread, the impact technology has on society is evident. In Sweden, digitalisation has led to the end of analog options forcing individuals to rapidly adapt to new technologies. For this reason, the diffusion of electronic identification (eID) as a critical technology occurred at an accelerated rate. However, a segment of society remains without access to this innovation. In this study, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with influential eID actors in Sweden to identify factors that impact the diffusion process, with a focus on late adoption. The result of this study shows that collaborations, accountability, biases, compatible technologies, and infrastructure technologies influence the spread of eID. These factors can be identified at an actor level but interact and consolidate on a system level. The above-mentioned findings have implications for innovation diffusion and digital divide theories as well as policy decisions regarding infrastructure technology and the practical requirements for adopting to eID. / I takt med att digitaliseringen breder ut sig blir teknologins påverkan och inflytande över samhället mer tydlig. I Sverige har digitaliseringen lett till att analoga tjänster upphör, därmed tvingas individer att snabbt anpassa sig till ny teknik. Av denna anledning har spridningen av elektroniska identitetshandlingar (e-leg) accelererats. Denna teknologi kan klassas som samhällskritisk och har därmed en särställning. Dock finns det icke-användare som ännu inte tagit del av denna innovation och därmed saknar tillgång till viktiga tjänster. I denna studie har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med inflytelserika e-leg aktörer i syfte att identifiera faktorer som påverkar den sista fasen av innovationsspridning. Resultatet av denna studie visar på att samarbete, ansvar, fördomar, kompatibla tekniker och aspekter av infrastruktur samverkar och potentiellt begränsar användandet av e-leg. Dessa faktorer existerar på en aktörsnivå och interagerar samt förenas på en strukturell systemnivå. Detta utmanar teorier kring innovationsspridning och den digitala klyftan. Dessutom får dessa insikter betydelse för politiska beslut angående samhällskritisk teknik, samt för det framtida användandet av elektroniska identitetshandlingar i Sverige.

The electronic identification regulation, eIDAS, and its trusted service providers are currently based on technologies that have been used for decades. The eIDAS and many others in the security industry have shown interest in newer technologies such as distributed ledgers and blockchain. This research looks into the current eIDAS regulation, its plans for future work, and how the current trusted systems could benefit from introducing blockchain into the solutions. Looking at new technologies is of importance to move forward but also making solutions more secure for the user with for example Self-Sovereign Identity solutions. The research was conducted through a literature review followed by interviews. A number of themes were identified to answer the research question. The findings were that blockchain is a viable technology to use but only if used in the right cases. A better understanding and knowledge of the technology is needed for new implementation to succeed and should not be rushed due to the hype of blockchain technology. / Se bif. fil