A arquitetura do Sistema Humanitário Internacional no século XXI está em expansão. Não somente os recursos aportados têm crescido, como também o número de atores envolvidos como doadores, tais como organizações internacionais governamentais e não governamentais. Os países são os maiores provedores de assistência humanitária, e este grupo também apresenta ampliação. Tradicionalmente, os países membros do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento, da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (DAC/OCDE) são os atores mais antigos do sistema humanitário contemporâneo e os que mais aportam recursos. A literatura recente, contudo, aponta para a emergência de outros países doadores de fora do grupo, que estariam trazendo mudanças na governança internacional do sistema. Os estudos sobre os doadores \"Não DAC\" carecem de dados precisos, sendo, em sua maioria, baseados em estimativas. Esta pesquisa visa a aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a atuação desses doadores, valendo-se de estatística descritiva de dados primários de organizações multilaterais do sistema humanitário da Organização das Nações Unidas para se poder mais bem compreender o grau de participação financeiro que os doadores \"Não DAC\" agregam ao sistema. Além disso, o estudo apresenta uma análise de como o Brasil age como doador de assistência humanitária internacional. / The architecture of the International Humanitarian System in the 21st century is expanding. Not only the resources contributed have increased, but also the number of actors involved as donors, such as international governmental and non-governmental organizations. Countries are the largest providers of humanitarian assistance, and this group is also expanding. Traditionally, the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD / DAC) are the primary actors in the contemporary humanitarian system and those who provide the majority of the resources. Recent literature, however, points to the emergence of other donor countries outside the group that might be bringing changes in the international governance of the system. Studies on \"non-DAC\" donors lack accurate data and are mostly based on estimates. This research aims to deepen knowledge about the performance of these donors, using descriptive statistics on primary data from multilateral organizations of the United Nations humanitarian system to better understand the degree of financial participation that \"Non-DAC\" donors add to the system. Furthermore, the study presents an analysis of Brazil\'s actions as a donor of international humanitarian assistance.

Submitted by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2013-02-14T11:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI MasterThesis Mattia Ambrosini 645094.pdf: 1221533 bytes, checksum: 1117aaa68ec08569df715c16c4e0e0d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2013-02-14T11:44:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI MasterThesis Mattia Ambrosini 645094.pdf: 1221533 bytes, checksum: 1117aaa68ec08569df715c16c4e0e0d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-14T12:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI MasterThesis Mattia Ambrosini 645094.pdf: 1221533 bytes, checksum: 1117aaa68ec08569df715c16c4e0e0d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / The thesis at hand adds to the existing literature by investigating the relationship between economic growth and outward foreign direct investments (OFDI) on a set of 16 emerging countries. Two different econometric techniques are employed: a panel data regression analysis and a time-series causality analysis. Results from the regression analysis indicate a positive and significant correlation between OFDI and economic growth. Additionally, the coefficient for the OFDI variable is robust in the sense specified by the Extreme Bound Analysis (EBA). On the other hand, the findings of the causality analysis are particularly heterogeneous. The vector autoregression (VAR) and the vector error correction model (VECM) approaches identify unidirectional Granger causality running either from OFDI to GDP or from GDP to OFDI in six countries. In four economies causality among the two variables is bidirectional, whereas in five countries no causality relationship between OFDI and GDP seems to be present.

Dans un contexte de mondialisation et d’urbanisation, la rapide industrialisation des pays dits émergents se traduit par de profondes transformations dans les modes de vie et de consommation. S’engage alors un processus de transition nutritionnelle particulièrement intense : les carences nutritionnelles et les maladies infectieuses reculent, bien qu’elles persistent, tandis que l’obésité et les maladies chroniques associées atteignent des niveaux endémiques. Dans les faits, le processus de transition nutritionnelle ne se déroule pas de manière homogène au niveau mondial et au sein même d’une société donnée. D’importants enjeux sociaux, économiques et culturels semblent effectivement en découdre. Dans l’optique d’explorer la nature de ces enjeux, la thèse se focalise sur le cas du Mexique, un pays émergent ayant pleinement engagé son processus de transformation nutritionnelle depuis les années 1980. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse des déterminants socioéconomiques de la corpulence montre que l’excès de poids affecte particulièrement une classe moyenne basse éclosant de la pauvreté. Le manque d’éducation et l’obtention d’un revenu additionnel apparaissent comme des facteurs de risques pour les pauvres. Dans un deuxième temps, l’évaluation des effets de la corpulence sur l’échec scolaire et professionnel met en évidence les moyens par lesquels l’obésité et l’accumulation de graisse abdominale réduisent les capacités d’ascension socioéconomique d’un individu. Enfin, l’étude du programme de transferts de fonds conditionnels mexicain suggère que les programmes sociaux constituent l’une des meilleures solutions pour rompre le cercle vicieux mêlant pauvreté et obésité. Puisque la composante conditionnelle du programme contrebalance les externalités négatives liées à un revenu additionnel, ce type d’intervention améliore significativement les connaissances sanitaires et nutritionnelles des bénéficiaires adultes, et à terme les comportements associés. En conclusion, la thèse met en relief la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de prendre simultanément en compte les aspects sociaux, économiques et culturels de l’obésité. / In the context of globalization and urbanization, the rapid industrialization of emerging countries drives on deep transformations in lifestyles and consumption habits. Hence, an intense process of nutrition transition occurs: nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases decline, but persist, while obesity and comorbidities reach endemic levels. Facts point that nutrition transition process is not homogenous at the worldwide level and within a given society. Such heterogeneity can be explained by the presence of social, economic and cultural factors. In order to explore the relationship between these factors and obesity, the study focuses on Mexico, an emerging country which has fully begun its nutrition transition process since the 1980s’. First, I analyze the socioeconomic determinants of body-mass and show that weight gain particularly affects a lower middle class on the verge of poverty. Both the lack of education and earning an extra income appear to be risk factors for lower social categories. Furthermore, I study the effects of body-mass on educational and occupational failures. The findings uncover mechanisms by which both obesity and central adiposity reduce one’s capacity to climb the socioeconomic ladder. Finally, I assess the impact of the Mexican conditional cash transfers’ program on adult body-mass. The results suggest that social programs constitute an adequate intervention to break the vicious cycle of poverty and obesity. Since the conditionalities counterbalance negative externalities from an extra income, such programs significantly improve health and nutritional knowledge and behaviors of participants. To conclude, the thesis dissertation emphasizes the necessity for policy makers to simultaneously take into account social, economic, and cultural aspects of obesity.

La Pologne et la Turquie témoignent depuis plusieurs années d’une transition économique semblable à travers une forte croissance du PIB, une augmentation des exportations et surtout une hausse des flux internationaux de capitaux. Malgré la transformation économique, le secteur agricole demeure encore une activité importante dans leur économie respective. Comparée aux autres pays européens, le décalage important entre la contribution de l’agriculture au PIB et le nombre des personnes employées révèle une très faible productivité de la main-d’œuvre. L’agriculture représente une source principale d’emploi notamment dans la zone rurale. En dépit de la diminution constante de l’emploi agricole de ces dernières années, il existe une surpopulation dans le secteur et un problème du chômage déguisé. La Pologne, membre de l’Union européenne (UE) depuis mai 2004, a bénéficié fortement des fonds structurels afin d’améliorer et de moderniser son agriculture. Quant à la Turquie, pays candidat à l’UE depuis octobre 2005, elle tente d’adapter son agriculture à la politique agricole commune (PAC). Notre recherche est essentiellement basée sur une étude comparative des pays présentant de nombreuses similitudes mais aussi de réelles divergences quant au niveau de leur structure agraire. À travers des réformes mises en vigueur pendant et après la période d’adhésion en Pologne, on cherche à répondre à la question si les réformes appliquées en Pologne sont ou non transposables au cas de la Turquie. / Poland and Turkey have been demonstrating for several years now a similar economic transition through a strong growth of GDP, a boost in exports and especially an increase in the flow of international capitals. Despite the economic transformation, the agricultural sector remains an important activity in their respective economies. Compared to other European countries, the large gap between the contribution of agriculture to GDP and the number of employees shows a very low productivity of labor. Agriculture is a main source of employment especially in the rural areas. Despite the steady decline in agricultural employment in recent years, the field is overpopulated and the hidden unemployment problem is conceals. Poland, a member of the European Union (EU) since May 2004, has greatly benefited from the Structural Funds to improve and modernize its agriculture. As for Turkey, an EU candidate since October 2005, it tries to adapt its agriculture to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Our research is mainly based on a comparative study of countries with many similarities but also real differences in the level of their agrarian structure. With the help of reforms that came into effect during and after the period of accession of Poland to the EU, we will try to find whether the reforms implemented in Poland are transferable or not to the case of Turkey.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the current situation on the precious metals market, above all of gold and silver, as metals with an interesting past and future. The result should be a current view of both markets and their unique differences. The first part is devoted to the characteristics of gold and silver, their utilisation and outlook of new applications as a consequence of developing industrial branches in the new millennium. The second part is a more detailed view of the market and an analysis of the aspect of supply and demand of both theese metals and differences that influence their price. The third part brings together the main factors shaping this market and introduces some indicators eligible to watch these markets. The conclusion presents an evaluation of the discussed conclusions in a broader perspective.

The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of Chinese acquisitions on Italian target firm performance, and explore which characteristics of the acquirer can determine a change of it. First, a Paired-Samples T-test has been applied to appreciate the difference between pre-and post-acquisition performance on 27 sample companies. Secondly, through an OLS regression, the impact of the Chinese acquirers’ characteristics on the performance of Italian target companies has been estimated for the year 2018. In addition, two interviews with managers from one sample company were carried out to complement the quantitative findings with qualitative insight. The results show that the performance of Italian target companies did not change significantly after the acquisition-at least not in the time span of 3 years used for the analysis- in terms of: profitability, solvency and growth. However, job creation slightly increased following the takeover. Furthermore, our findings indicate that, among the Influential factors examined, Chinese acquirers’ prior M&Aexperience in developed countries and the level of relatedness have a significant and positive impact on the performance of Italian target sampled companies. Whereas, being acquired by a Chinese SOE or POE seems to not affect the performance. Lastly, another influential factor raised by our respondents resulted to be the integration strategy implemented by the Chinese acquirer.Indeed, choosing the appropriate integration strategy for the two entities can be crucial for the acquisition success, and ultimately, for the future performance of the target.

[pt] Modelos de previsão cambial são frequentemente preteridos em relação a passeios aleatórios, porém o trabalho mostra que em certos casos, principalmente à médio e longo prazo, modelos simples de previsão cambial podem ser melhores do que passeio aleatório em países emergentes com câmbio livre. O trabalho também mostra que não há uma reversão do câmbio real à sua média de longo prazo e que seu movimento após um choque é feito quase todo pelo câmbio nominal. / [en] Foward looking exchange models are frequently deprecated when comparing to a random walk. This work notes that under certain cenarios, mostly at medium and long run, simple models can be more accurated than random walk for emerging countries with free floating exchange rates, though. This work also notes that there is no real exchange rate s mean-reverting at long run and that most of it s path, after a shock, is done via nominal exchange rate.

Der Kleinbergbau ist ein bedeutender Wirtschaftszweig. Ein großer Anteil der Kleinbergbauaktivitäten wird informell oder illegal durchgeführt. Wichtige Merkmale dieser Formen des Kleinbergbaus sind ein hoher Beschäftigungsgrad, eine geringe Technisierung und Mechanisierung aller Arbeiten, sowie ein niedriger Kapitaleinsatz. Diese Bergbauaktivitäten sind vor allem in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern auf den Kontinenten Mittel- und Südamerika, Afrika und Asien verbreitet. Der informelle und illegale Kleinbergbau ist Lebensgrundlage für weltweit ca. 15 Mio. Menschen, die in diesem Sektor direkt beschäftigt und etwa 100 Mio. die indirekt davon abhängig sind. Neben der positiven Tatsache, dass der Kleinbergbau ein wichtiger Wirtschaftsfaktor ist sowie Beschäftigung und Wertschöpfung schafft, sind mit ihm erhebliche negative soziale und ökologische Auswirkungen verbunden. Um gezielte Handlungsempfehlungen in Form von Projekten zur Weiterentwicklung des Kleinbergbausektors aufzuzeigen, wurde in dieser Arbeit ein computergestütztes Expertensystem (XPS) entwickelt. / Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is an important economic sector. A large amount of ASM activities are carried out in an informal or illegal way. These specific types of ASM are characteristic for being labor-intensive and capital-, mechanization- and technology-poor. In general ASM takes place within developing and emerging countries of Middle and South America, Africa and Asia. Informal and illegal ASM forms a livelihood for a population of approx. 15 Mio people worldwide, who are directly employed within the sector and about 100 Mio, who are indirectly dependent on it. On the one hand ASM is an important economic factor but on the other hand it has significant negative social and environmental impacts. In order to develop targeted recommendations for the further development of ASM, a computer-based expert system (XPS) was programmed within this dissertation.

Submitted by Adriane Hauer (a.hauer@alumni.maastrichtuniversity.nl) on 2018-03-05T19:59:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis final-Adriane Hauer_05.03..pdf: 5923616 bytes, checksum: 601318c8ddc25afd7d7ccd1b271672d7 (MD5) / Rejected by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br), reason: Adriane, There is just one correction to do: Please, withdraw all the numbers before the introduction, however, they must to be considered, example: if there are 9 pages before, the introduction will start with page 10. on 2018-03-06T12:03:51Z (GMT) / Submitted by Adriane Hauer (a.hauer@alumni.maastrichtuniversity.nl) on 2018-03-06T20:54:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis final-Adriane Hauer_05.03..pdf: 5922556 bytes, checksum: f9c5c62fd783ca8cf1684dc6a35cb0ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2018-03-07T11:10:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis final-Adriane Hauer_05.03..pdf: 5922556 bytes, checksum: f9c5c62fd783ca8cf1684dc6a35cb0ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T13:43:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis final-Adriane Hauer_05.03..pdf: 5922556 bytes, checksum: f9c5c62fd783ca8cf1684dc6a35cb0ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-18 / The following Master’s thesis examines the causes of brain drain in the context of emerging countries. More precisely, the thesis aims to assess to what extent the migration of highly educated people from emerging countries can be explained by labor market conditions, as neoclassical economics claim. Labor market conditions are defined as job opportunities and income. Mexico and Brazil have been used as case studies due to their similar socioeconomic characteristics. The thesis first provides an overview of the theoretical background of international migration and brain drain. Based on this review, a framework is created. Followed by that a PESTLE analysis is given, which helps to understand the primary data results. Primary data was collected from a sample with 140 participants of each country. In the analysis of the primary data, the Master’s thesis shows that labor market conditions do play an influential role in the decision-making process to move abroad permanently, but only in the context of other factors. Some of those factors have a much stronger influence, such as lifestyle and social ties. / A seguinte tese de mestrado examina as causas da fuga de cérebros (brain drain) no contexto de países emergentes. Mais precisamente, a tese investiga até que grau as condições do mercado de trabalho explicam a migração de pessoas muito educadas, como afirma a teoria de economia neoclássica. As condições do mercado de trabalho são definidas como oportunidades de trabalho e renda. O México e o Brasil têm sido utilizados como estudos de casos devido às suas características socioeconômicas similares. A tese fornece uma visão geral dos antecedentes teóricos da migração internacional e da fuga de cérebros. Com base nesta revisão, é criada um modelo de analise. Baseado em isso, é dada uma análise PESTLE, o que ajuda a entender os resultados dos dados primários. Dados primários foram coletados de uma amostra com 140 participantes de cada país. Na análise dos dados primários, a tese mostra que o mercado de trabalho influencia a decisão de pessoas educadas para mover-se permanente, mas apenas no contexto de outros fatores. Outros fatores têm uma influência mais forte, sendo principalmente o estilo de vida e os laços sociais.

Submitted by Marcos Rocha (marcosrocha@gvmail.br) on 2012-06-27T18:30:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MRocha_biblio.pdf: 2007577 bytes, checksum: 595f726cc8507c10b02153b1ee6674cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2012-06-27T19:02:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MRocha_biblio.pdf: 2007577 bytes, checksum: 595f726cc8507c10b02153b1ee6674cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-27T19:11:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MRocha_biblio.pdf: 2007577 bytes, checksum: 595f726cc8507c10b02153b1ee6674cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-29 / Este trabalho é composto de três partes. O primeiro capítulo avalia a hipótese de substituição de poupanças. De acordo com Bresser-Pereira e Nakano (2003), existe nas economias emergentes uma alta taxa de substituição de poupança interna por externa gerada pelo processo de influxo dos recursos estrangeiros. Isso acontece porque, dada a propensão ao consumo dos países emergentes, a maior parte do déficit em conta corrente se transforma em consumo de importados; a parcela dos fluxos gasta em investimento é pequena, de forma que a estratégia de crescimento com poupança estrangeira não é uma opção. Diante desta hipótese, o capítulo avalia teórica e empiricamente a existência de substituição de poupança interna por externa nos países em desenvolvimento e o papel da sobreapreciação da taxa de câmbio real (TCR) nesse processo. Foi utilizado um painel dinâmico System-GMM para uma amostra de 48 países de renda média cobrindo o período de 1970-2004. Os resultados mostram um processo de substituição de poupança doméstica por externa significante, além de efeitos negativos sobre a poupança doméstica resultantes da interação entre sobreapreciação do câmbio e entrada de poupança estrangeira. O segundo capítulo analisa os efeitos de sobreapreciações da TCR sobre o valor adicionado por setores dos países emergentes, para o período 1970-2004. A sobreapreciação, ao minar a competitividade dos produtos manufaturados e industriais domesticamente, pode reduzir a capacidade dos países em desenvolvimento de estimular setores dinâmicos da estrutura produtiva que induzem crescimento e desenvolvimento sustentável no longo prazo. A motivação teórica é a visão Kaldoriana de desenvolvimento. Assim, o capítulo testa a relação entre a sobreapreciação da TCR sobre o valor adicionado dos setores produtivos de bens primários e manufatureiros como parcela do produto, no período de 1970 a 2004, para uma amostra de 45 países emergentes. Os resultados evidenciam que os episódios de sobreapreciação caracterizados pelo índice reduzem a participação de manufaturados no valor agregado no produto das economias em desenvolvimento, de forma significante. A razão provável deste resultado é que um câmbio sobreapreciado não só torna os bens industriais domésticos menos competitivos, como também favorece a importação doméstica destes que, em virtude disto, deixam de ser produzidos ou aperfeiçoados dentro do país. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo avalia os efeitos da dívida externa sobre crescimento de um ponto de vista diferente dos diagnósticos da literatura 'debt overhang': argumenta que é a estratégia de crescimento com poupança externa a causa do crescente endividamento que, no longo prazo, é responsável por prejudicar a performance de crescimento dos países emergentes por gerar crises no balanço de pagamentos. Para avaliar esta dinâmica empiricamente foi estimada uma equação de crescimento com painel dinâmico System-GMM de variáveis instrumentais; são utilizados dados para 45 países de renda média, no período 1970-2004. A conclusão geral dos exercícios empíricos atesta uma influência não linear da dívida externa sobre o crescimento dos países selecionados na amostra: no longo prazo, o contínuo endividamento reduz o desempenho de crescimento dos países. Pode-se apontar ainda que um dos mecanismos pelo qual a poupança externa pode levar a maior dívida externa é sua interação significante com o influxo de recursos externos necessários para a rolagem da dívida; o resultado sobre o desempenho de crescimento é negativo e significante. Por fim, o apêndice do trabalho detalha os procedimentos de estimação de painel cointegrado utilizados para derivar os índices de sobreapreciação da TCR. / This work consists of three parts. The first chapter assesses the possibility of “savings displacement”. According to Bresser-Pereira and Nakano (2003), there is in emerging economies a high rate of substitution of foreign for domestic savings generated by the process of inflow of foreign financial flows. This is happens because, given the propensity for consumption in emerging countries, most of the deficit in current account turns into consumption of imported goods; the share of the flow spent on investment is small. The existence of savings displacement makes growing with foreign savings a risky strategy. Given this hypothesis, the chapter evaluates theoretically and empirically the existence of substitution of foreign for domestic savings in developing countries and also the role of overvaluation of the real exchange rate (RER) in this process. We used a dynamic panel GMM-System for a sample of 48 middle income countries covering the time span of 1970-2004. The results show a process of substitution of foreign for domestic savings significant and negative effects on domestic savings resulting from the interaction of overvaluation of the exchange and foreign inflows. The second chapter analyzes the effects of RER overvaluations on the value added by economy sectors for developing countries covering the period 1970-2004. The overvaluation process, once undermines the competitiveness of domestically manufacturing industries may reduce the ability of developing countries to stimulate dynamic sectors of the productive structure. The long run outcome can led to adverse effects upon growth and sustainable development. The theoretical motivation of this work is the Kaldorian view of development. The chapter proceeds by testing tests the relationship between the overvaluation of the RER on the added value of the productive sectors of primary goods and manufacturing as product share for the period 1970 to 2004, using a sample of 45 emerging countries. The results show that episodes of overvaluation are correlated with a lower share of manufacturing value-added production on the economies´ product significantly. The probable reason of this result is that an exchange overvaluation not only makes the domestic industrial goods less competitive, but also favors the domestic importats of this commodity from other countries; in this scenario, manufacturing could no longer be produced or improved within the country. Finally, the third chapter evaluates the effects of external debt on growth from a different point of view underlined by the "debt overhang" literature. Here we argues that the strategy of growth with foreign savings is the main reason for the increasing debt that in the long term that is responsible for harming the growth performance of developing countries since generates balance of payments crises. To assess this dynamic was empirically estimated growth equation with a dynamic panel System GMM. The data used 45 middle-income countries, covering the period 1970-2004. The overall conclusion of the empirical exercises attests a nonlinear influence of external debt on growth of selected countries in the sample: in the long term, continuous indebtedness reduces growth performance of countries. It can be pointed that one probable reason why foreign savings can lead to higher external debt problems is its significant interaction with the influx of external resources required to rollover debt, the result on the growth performance is negative and significant. Concluding the thesis, an appendix details the procedures for estimating panel cointegration used to derive indexes of RER overvaluation.