A arquitetura do Sistema Humanitário Internacional no século XXI está em expansão. Não somente os recursos aportados têm crescido, como também o número de atores envolvidos como doadores, tais como organizações internacionais governamentais e não governamentais. Os países são os maiores provedores de assistência humanitária, e este grupo também apresenta ampliação. Tradicionalmente, os países membros do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento, da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (DAC/OCDE) são os atores mais antigos do sistema humanitário contemporâneo e os que mais aportam recursos. A literatura recente, contudo, aponta para a emergência de outros países doadores de fora do grupo, que estariam trazendo mudanças na governança internacional do sistema. Os estudos sobre os doadores \"Não DAC\" carecem de dados precisos, sendo, em sua maioria, baseados em estimativas. Esta pesquisa visa a aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a atuação desses doadores, valendo-se de estatística descritiva de dados primários de organizações multilaterais do sistema humanitário da Organização das Nações Unidas para se poder mais bem compreender o grau de participação financeiro que os doadores \"Não DAC\" agregam ao sistema. Além disso, o estudo apresenta uma análise de como o Brasil age como doador de assistência humanitária internacional. / The architecture of the International Humanitarian System in the 21st century is expanding. Not only the resources contributed have increased, but also the number of actors involved as donors, such as international governmental and non-governmental organizations. Countries are the largest providers of humanitarian assistance, and this group is also expanding. Traditionally, the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD / DAC) are the primary actors in the contemporary humanitarian system and those who provide the majority of the resources. Recent literature, however, points to the emergence of other donor countries outside the group that might be bringing changes in the international governance of the system. Studies on \"non-DAC\" donors lack accurate data and are mostly based on estimates. This research aims to deepen knowledge about the performance of these donors, using descriptive statistics on primary data from multilateral organizations of the United Nations humanitarian system to better understand the degree of financial participation that \"Non-DAC\" donors add to the system. Furthermore, the study presents an analysis of Brazil\'s actions as a donor of international humanitarian assistance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Augusto Godeguez Silva.pdf: 629377 bytes, checksum: c755d498d29ea6605a9c285f4a0aa089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 / Direct investment in the sanitation sector is a phenomenon that deserves attention due to these market failures, and therefore the regulation through public policies, among other variables of institutional character, in company decisions. This work aims to identify the determinants of the choice of destination countries among emerging countries, to direct investments in sanitation. Based on the theoretical framework that combines economic approaches to internationalization of companies with the microeconomics of industrial organization, also inserting elements of new institutional economics, specific hypotheses were generated regarding these determinants. Raise the hypotheses that foreign direct investment in sanitation in developing countries is related to the level of economic development, the existing infrastructure and institutional stability influences the choice of countries. To test the hypotheses, we propose an econometric approach, using a binary choice model (LOGIT) and to assess the dynamic effects, a model of LOGIT panel. Are used data from the PPI (Private Participation in Infrastructure), the World Bank and selected economic and institutional indicators, particularly on the institutional environment indices. As a result, in addition to confirming the proposed hypothesis, this study found a relationship of inverted "U" between per capita GDP and the likelihood of receiving direct investment in sanitation, suggesting a possible behavior of "crowding out" investment in some countries. / O investimento direto no setor de saneamento básico é um fenômeno que merece atenção devido às presentes falhas de mercado, e portanto, a regulação por meio das políticas públicas, entre outras variáveis de caráter institucional, nas decisões empresariais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os determinantes da escolha de países-destino, entre os países emergentes, para investimentos diretos em saneamento básico. Com base no referencial teórico que combina as abordagens econômicas da internacionalização de empresas com a microeconomia da organização industrial, inserindo também elementos da nova economia institucional, foram geradas hipóteses específicas quanto a esses determinantes. Levantam-se as hipóteses de que o investimento direto estrangeiro em saneamento nos países emergentes está relacionado ao nível de desenvolvimento econômico, à infraestrutura existente e a estabilidade institucional influencia na escolha dos países. Para testar as hipóteses, propõe-se uma abordagem econométrica, com a utilização de um modelo de escolha binária (LOGIT) e, para avaliar os efeitos dinâmicos, um modelo de LOGIT em painel. São utilizados dados da base PPI (Private Participation in Infrastructure), do Banco Mundial e indicadores econômicos e institucionais selecionados, particularmente índices sobre o ambiente institucional. Como resultado, além da confirmação das hipóteses propostas, este estudo encontrou uma relação de U invertido entre PIB per capita e a probabilidade de receber investimento direto em saneamento, sugerindo um possível comportamento de crowding out deste investimento em alguns países.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-04-13T20:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RomariodeSouzaGollo.pdf: 904266 bytes, checksum: 7217b36a160c23eb37fb87bf0afbf181 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T20:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RomariodeSouzaGollo.pdf: 904266 bytes, checksum: 7217b36a160c23eb37fb87bf0afbf181 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / Nenhuma / Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, as economias aumentaram de forma acelerada seus estoques de reservas internacionais. As reservas globais, que eram de aproximadamente um trilhão de dólares em 1990, passaram para dois trilhões de dólares em 2000 e em 2010, o volume das reservas mundiais foi de 9,7 trilhões de dólares. Este processo também pode ser observado nos países do MERCOSUL e BRICs, principalmente nos últimos cinco anos, onde o estoque de reservas passou de aproximadamente US$ 1,2 trilhão no fim de 2005, para US$ 4,2 trilhões no fim de 2010. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do estudo é analisar o nível das reservas internacionais desses países, levando em consideração o seu papel para reduzir a probabilidade de ocorrência de crises e para proporcionar credibilidade. O resultado obtido, por meio dos índices de coberturas das reservas internacionais em relação à dívida externa de curto prazo e das importações, indica que volumes maiores de reservas, são relevantes para reduzir o custo e a probabilidade de crises. Ademais, verificou-se que os níveis de reservas acumulados pela maioria dos países emergentes analisados, estão acima do nível considerado ótimo. Por conseguinte, elevados estoques de reservas internacionais implicam em gastos desnecessários de recursos para sua manutenção, ainda que possam ser justificados, parcialmente, pelos benefícios que proporcionam. Para o caso brasileiro, o custo de carregamento das reservas internacionais entre 2004 e 2010 foi de R$ 26,8 bilhões ao ano. / Over the last 20 years, the economies have witnessed a blistering increase in their stock of international reserves. Global reserves, which were approximately one trillion dollars in 1990, went beyond two trillion dollars in 2000 and in 2010 the volume of world reserves was 9.7 trillion dollars. This process could also be observed on the MERCOSUR and BRIC countries, especially during the past five years, when the stock of reserves raised from approximately US$ 1.2 trillion at the end of 2005 to US$ 4.2 trillion at the end of 2010. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the level of international reserves in these countries, considering its role to reduce crisis probability and to provide credibility. The result achieved through the international reserves levels of coverage relative to short-term external debt and imports indicates that higher volumes of reserves are important to reduce the cost and the probability of crisis. Moreover, the levels of reserves accumulated by most emerging countries analyzed are above the level considered optimal. Consequently, high stock of international reserves implies unnecessary expenditures of resources for its maintenance, although they may be justified in part by the benefits they provide. For the Brazilian case in particular, the carrying cost of international reserves between 2004 and 2010 was R$ 26.8 billion a year.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-25T17:23:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ambiente_politico.pdf: 3222968 bytes, checksum: 06002c7d1adcffe21041573fe22ad095 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-25T17:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ambiente_politico.pdf: 3222968 bytes, checksum: 06002c7d1adcffe21041573fe22ad095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a interferência do ambiente político e institucional da Argentina, do México e da China no investimento externo direto (IED) da empresa Artecola nesses países. Para atingir esse objetivo, o estudo buscou descrever os modos de entrada utilizados pela Artecola nesses países, sua percepção sobre o ambiente político e institucional dos mesmos, assim como as interferências percebidas pela empresa em função destes ambientes no IED. A análise ainda conta com o entendimento da experiência da empresa no Brasil sobre o processo de adaptação nos países de destino. Para alcançar esse objetivo, o estudo visitou os principais construtos teóricos capazes de suportarem a análise. Esta dissertação foi elaborada através de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, utilizando estudo de caso único. A análise foi realizada com base na coleta de dados documentais e entrevistas em profundidade. De acordo com a análise, foi constatado que os ambientes institucionais da Argentina e do México interferiram diretamente na operação, principalmente com relação ao sistema de cobrança do país e às instituições ambientais e sociais. Essas interferências exigiram flexibilidade estratégica e operacional da empresa para se adaptar ao ambiente. Com relação aos ambientes políticos desses países, a interferência foi considerada positiva e não causou estranheza por parte da Artecola. Em relação à China, a internacionalização só pode ser levada adiante em função da JV formada com a parceira Orisol, que auxiliou na redução do risco percebido a priori. Atribui-se a capacidade de adaptação da Artecola à vivência da empresa no Brasil, onde atuou sobre ambientes políticos voláteis e incertezas institucionais. / The objective of this work is to analyse the interference of political and institutional environment of Argentina, Mexico and China in outside direct investment (FDI) of the Artecola company in these countries. For achieving this goal, the study sought to describe the entry modes used by Artecola in those countries, its perception about the political and institutional environment of the referred countries, as well as the interference perceived by the company because of these environments in FDI. The analysis also includes the understanding of the company’s experience in Brazil about the adaptation process in the destination countries. To achieve this aim, the study visited the main theoretical constructs able to support the analysis. This work was performed using a qualitative descriptive study using a single case study. The analysis was based on the documental data collect and in depth interviews. According to the analysis, it was found out that Argentina and Mexico’s institutional environments directly interfered in the operation, especially with regard to the country collection system and environmental and social institutions. The interferences demanded strategic and operational flexibility of the company to adapt to the environment. Regarding the political environments of these countries, the interference was considered positive and was not unexpected by Artecola. Regarding China, internationalization was only carried forward due to the joint venture formed with the partner Orisol, which helped to reduce the perceived risk a priori. Artecola’s adaptation capacity is attributed to its experience in Brazil, where it acted in volatile political environments and institutional uncertainties.

L'introduction des formats de distribution alimentaire modernes dans le paysage commercial des pays émergents suscite des interrogations sur l'impact que cela produit sur les comportements de consommation et de magasinage des acheteurs locaux. La persistance du commerce traditionnel, ancré dans la culture locale, couplée à l'implantation d'enseignes de distribution modernes, renvoyant à l'image « idéalisée » de l'Occident, exerce une tension sur les goûts et les habitudes de consommation autochtones. Cette recherche doctorale explore les significations culturelles données aux pratiques de consommation et de magasinage dans ces pays en s'appuyant sur une importante étude qualitative de type ethnographique réalisée au Maroc. Les résultats montrent que l'introduction des formats modernes de vente sur ce marché émergent qui porte des valeurs socio-culturelles différentes de celles des pays d'importation est à l'origine de l'apparition de comportements hybrides ou de pratiques d'adoption sélective à travers lesquels les consommateurs cherchent à articuler des codes et des dimensions symboliques contrastés en vue de donner sens à leur consommation. En outre, la dualité du système de distribution accentue la logique du jeu des classes en amplifiant les tendances au marquage social du statut via la mise en scène (au sens de Goffman) de la consommation et de l'appropriation des espaces de vente. Par ailleurs, si l'introduction des nouveaux formats de vente constitue une vraie menace pour le commerce traditionnel, elle favorise par la même occasion la réorganisation du secteur, la diversification de l'activité de ses acteurs et l'amélioration de leurs pratiques de gestion. / The introduction of modern food retail formats in the emerging countries' commercial landscape raises questions on the impact it causes on the local buyers' consumption and shopping behavior. Anchored in the local culture, the persistence of traditional business coupled with the implementation of modern retail chains that put forth an ‘idealistic' image of the Western societies causes tensions on consumers' native tastes and habits. This doctoral research explores the cultural meanings given by consumers to shopping and consumption practices in these countries based on a large ethnographic qualitative study performed in Morocco. Results show that the introduction of modern sales formats in emerging markets where socio-cultural values differ from those of the importing countries causes hybrid behaviors or selective adoption practices to emerge through which consumers try to articulate contrasted codes and symbolic dimensions in an effort to give meaning to their consumption. In addition, the dual distribution system accentuates the social class game amplifying trends in social status tagging through the staging of consumption (as per Goffman) and the appropriation of the retail spaces. Furthermore, if the introduction of new retail formats is a real threat to traditional retailers, it favors by the same token the reorganization of this sector, the diversification of the activities by its actors as well as the enhancement of their management practices.

Cette thèse approfondit les distorsions et frictions créant la mauvaise allocation du capital dans les pays émergents, c’est à dire une accumulation de capital hétérogène entre secteurs privé et public, une épargne excessive (des ménages et des entreprises), et le ralentissement de l’investissement dans certains secteurs. Le premier chapitre montre, à travers un modèle dynamique d’équilibre général comprenant différents types d’entreprises, que dans l’économie Chinoise, l’allocation de l’épargne des ménages vers les entreprises publiques (SOEs) par le système bancaire a une portée à la fois domestique et internationale. Tout d’abord, elle permet d’expliquer en grande partie la configuration des flux de capitaux en Chine : malgré la forte croissance de sa productivité globale des facteurs, la Chine observe une forte accumulation de réserves de change tandis que l’entrée d’ Investissements Directs Etrangers (IDE) est importante. En outre, en canalisant l’épargne des ménages vers les SOEs, cette allocation du capital explique également, dans ce modèle, la chute de la consommation (qui est un problème actuel majeur de la transition Chinoise). Des frictions supplémentaires sont introduites dans le modèle, comme la privatisation, l’expropriation du capital, l’aléa moral et les contrôles de capitaux, jouant également un rôle significatif dans l’apparition des déséquilibres de l’économie Chinoise. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur la distorsion ayant joué un rôle clé dans la mauvaise allocation du capital de l’économie Chinoise, le biais de crédit en faveur des SOEs, et étend son analyse aux autres pays émergents en se focalisant sur les entrées d’IDE. L’étude est empirique avec des approches globale et sectorielle, s’appuyant sur différentes méthodologies appliquées à deux échantillons de pays émergents. L’augmentation de la distribution de crédit aux SOEs, au détriment des entreprises privées, ralentit l’augmentation des entrées d’IDE, spécifiquement dans les secteurs manufacturiers. En effet, ces derniers ont une dépendance aux financements externes élevée et la part d’entreprises privées est plus importante que dans les secteurs tertiaires. Afin de corriger les déséquilibres de l’économie Chinoise analysés dans le cadre théorique du premier chapitre, le troisième chapitre propose un système fiscal constitué de taxes hétérogènes entre les différents types d’entreprises en Chine (SOEs, firmes privées domestiques et étrangères), ainsi que de taxes sur les revenus des ménages et sur les remboursements de crédits. Les réformes visent la diminution du surinvestissement de la plupart des entreprises, une plus forte consommation, et la maximisation du bien-être. Certaines réformes imposent des taxes plus élevées dans les entreprises publiques, permettant notamment une réallocation de la force de travail vers les entreprises privées domestiques et étrangères. De plus, l’ajustement des coûts des facteurs de production (travail et capital) entre les secteurs privé et public, et entre les entreprises domestiques et étrangères, est parfois nécessaire pendant les réformes appliquées dans ce modèle. Ces réformes pour la hausse de la consommation et la baisse de l’investissement apportent aux ménages des bénéfices en terme de bien-être, et le rééquilibrage de la demande intérieure ne requiert pas nécessairement d’ajustement de la position financière extérieure. Enfin, la thèse se termine par une extension du modèle précédent, avec des rigidités nominales et des taxes sur la consommation de biens étrangers et domestiques appliquées pendant les réformes ciblant une hausse de la consommation. / This thesis deepens the distortions and frictions creating the misallocation of capital in emerging economies, that is, an heterogeneous capital accumulation between private and public sectors, excessive savings rates (both household and corporate), and the slowdown of investment in certain sectors.The first chapter shows, through a dynamic general equilibrium model comprising various types of firms, that in the Chinese economy, the allocation of household savings to State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) by the banking system has domestic and international consequences.First, this allocation explains to a large extent the configuration of capital flows in China: despite its high total factor productivity growth, China observes an accumulation of foreign reserves while inward Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) are massive. Moreover, by channeling household savings toward SOEs, this allocation of capital also explains, in the model, the drop in consumption (which is a current major issue of the Chinese transition). Additional frictions are introduced in the model, such as privatization, capital expropriation, moral hazard and capital controls, which have a significant effect on the emergence of the Chinese economy’s imbalances.The second chapter focuses on the key distortion at the origin of the capital misallocation in the Chinese economy, the credit bias in favor of SOEs, and extends the study to the other emerging economies by analyzing the effect on inward FDI. The work is empirical, with global and sectoral approaches, relying on different methodologies applied to two samples of emerging economies. The increase in credit distribution to SOEs, to the detriment of private firms, slows the increase in inward FDI, specifically in manufacturing sectors. Indeed, the latter have a high external financial dependence and the share of private firms is larger than in tertiary sectors.So as to correct the imbalances that are analyzed in the theoretical framework of the first chapter, the third chapter proposes a fiscal system that is constituted of heterogeneous taxes between the different types of firms in China (SOEs, private domestic and foreign firms), and of taxes on household incomes and loan repayments. These reforms aim at decreasing the overinvestment of most firms, enhancing consumption, and maximizing welfare. Certain reforms include a higher taxation of state-owned firms, which leads to a reallocation of the labor force toward private domestic and foreign firms. Moreover, the adjustment of production factor costs (labor and capital) between private an public sectors, and between domestic and foreign firms, is necessary for certain reforms applied in this model. These reforms that increase consumption and reduce the investment rate bring welfare benefits to households, and the readjustment of the external financial position is not necessary to the domestic rebalancing of the economy. Finally, the thesis ends with an extension of the previous model, which includes nominal rigidities and heterogeneous consumption taxes across home and foreign goods during the reforms that increase the consumption ratio.

La presente tesis estudia la relación entre los factores institucionales (formales e informales) y la transparencia sobre gobierno corporativo en las empresas de mayor cotización bursátil en los países emergentes latinoamericanos. Adoptando los enfoques de la teoría institucional y la teoría de la agencia, el objetivo ha sido identificar aquellas variables institucionales a nivel macro y a nivel empresa que tienen una influencia significativa sobre el nivel de transparencia en gobierno corporativo, medido a través de la construcción de un índice de divulgación que cubre el período 2004-2010. Así, nuestra muestra de estudio se integra de 826 observaciones que pertenecen a los índices de mayor cotización bursátil de las bolsas de valores en Argentina (MERVAL), Brasil (IBOVESPA), Chile (IPSA) y México (IPyC). La aportación principal de la investigación es la propuesta de un modelo empírico que refleja la relación de un conjunto de factores institucionales y el nivel de transparencia en gobierno corporativo en el contexto de los países emergentes latinoamericanos, donde la investigación previa es escasa. Los resultados sugieren que los factores institucionales, formales e informales, y algunas de las variables de control tienen un poder explicativo en el nivel de transparencia en gobierno corporativo de las empresas cotizadas en estos países. El estudio identifica el estado actual de la convergencia regional en las prácticas de buen gobierno en los países emergentes latinoamericanos, pudiendo ser un punto de referencia para los responsables de emitir las políticas y directrices sobre gobierno corporativo.

本研究試圖探討中東歐國家由中央集權計劃經濟轉型為市場經濟之後，對其效率及生產力之影響。本研究針對1980至2000年的歐洲國家，採用資料包絡分析法(DEA)與大邊界法(Grand Frontier)畫出所有樣本的單一效率邊界並計算其整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值。 新興主權國家的整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值在經濟轉型後均降低，顯示經濟轉型後的新興主權國家的確有經濟效率低落的狀況，尤其在經濟轉型初期市場不健全、經濟體質不良使資源配置不佳。傳統工業國家的整體技術效率及純技術效率在經濟轉型後較高，規模效率經濟轉型後降低。傳統工業國家於經濟轉型後整體技術效率、純技術效率及規模效率顯著的高於轉型國家、新興主權國家。 Malmquist生產力指數分析，結果顯示傳統工業國家在經濟轉型後顯示生產力有進步，而生產力成長主要貢獻是技術進步(innovation)，但傳統工業國家技術效率變動則呈現退步現象，進一步分析原因主要是由於規模效率變動退步所致。另外選擇1993年及2000年進行比較，結果發現傳統工業國家與新興國家的生產力均退步，主要原因是技術效率變動退步，但技術有進步。

企業的創新已經進入到應用專利權進行策略佈局的階段，因此綜合研發投入和專利產出的創新效率便成為關注企業競爭力的重要指標。而影響創新效率的關鍵在於企業決策者的策略意圖，但由於新興國家法規體制尚不完備，與決策者相關的公司治理因素成為創新效率的核心議題。為深入瞭解其中的連結，本研究以中國的上市公司為研究對象，並從外資投資者的角度探討股權結構與創新效率之間的關係。研究結果發現外資股對於創新效率有正向影響，若與國有股同時存在，原有的正向影響則會減弱；但當國有股私有化的程度愈高，外資股所受的干擾降低，對創新效率的正向影響便愈大；另外法人股的存在則更能增進外資股提升企業的創新效率。 / Nowadays, enterprises regard patents as a key strategy to enhance its innovation capability. Therefore, innovative efficiency (IE), measured as the relation between R&D expenditures and patents granted, becomes an important index to observe corporate competitiveness. Ownership structures could affect the outcome of IE as shareholders are ultimate decision makers. However, this may be a more serious issue in emerging countries, as they generally have weak legal environments and shareholders do not fully understand the details of firms’ innovation efforts. This study explores this issue based on a sample of Chinese listed companies and examines the extent to which ownership structures, especially foreign shareholders, are associated with the IE of publicly listed firms in China. The results indicate that IE is positively associated with the foreign shareholdings, while this relation turns negative when there are state shareholdings. As state shareholding have negative effects on IE and could interfere the role of foreign shareholdings in improving a company’s innovation activities, the results also suggest that the level of state shareholding privatization improves the association between IE and foreign shareholding. Moreover, the relation between IE and the foreign shareholding is more pronounced if institutional shareholdings exist.

La transition énergétique mondiale suppose un développement accéléré des énergies nouvelles et renouvelables pour la production d’électricité (ENRe), ce qui implique de nouveaux défis d’ordre technique, économique et de régulation du secteur électrique. Or, un engagement plus fort des pays émergents et en développement dans des trajectoires de décarbonation profonde de l’économie nécessite un renforcement des politiques de promotion ainsi que la conception d’instruments de régulation mieux adaptés aux spécificités de leurs contextes économiques et institutionnels.Cette thèse traite de la question de la conception, de la mise en place et de l’évaluation de politiques de promotion des ENRe adaptées au contexte des pays d’Amérique Latine. Dans ce but, nous avons tout d’abord recours à l’économie environnementale pour analyser les différents instruments de régulation disponibles, les caractériser et proposer des critères d’évaluation, en nous appuyant sur une revue approfondie de la littérature. Nous réalisons ensuite une étude économétrique de panel afin d’identifier les facteurs déterminants des investissements en nouvelles capacités d'ENRe et de mesurer l’efficacité des politiques. Dans un troisième temps, nous mobilisons la théorie évolutionniste du changement technologique pour analyser en profondeur le processus de mise en place des politiques, les barrières existantes et les résultats obtenus. Cette analyse s’appuie sur trois études de cas du secteur électrique au Chili, au Brésil et en Argentine. Enfin nous explorons les enjeux liés au déploiement massif des ENRe en Amérique Latine à l’horizon 2030-2040 : l’intégration des énergies intermittentes, l’accès au financement et le défi industriel.Nos analyses mettent en évidence que les transformations du contexte économique et institutionnel impulsent une dynamique qui conditionne les choix des politiques publiques ainsi que leur performance. Nous proposons donc les bases d’un cadre analytique pour la conception et l’évaluation de politiques de promotion ambitieuses sur le long terme. Ces politiques doivent être intégrées dans un projet multidimensionnel et cohérent pour le secteur énergétique. Concernant spécifiquement le choix de l’instrument de promotion et ses éléments de design, nous avons mis en exergue quatre principes à prendre en compte spécialement dans le contexte des pays émergents : le niveau de risque pour les investisseurs, le coût total de la politique pour le consommateur, l’adéquation institutionnelle de l’instrument et, enfin, sa flexibilité pour soutenir des technologies ayant différents degrés de maturité technico-économique. Cette flexibilité doit également répondre à des objectifs multiples liés au processus de développement socio-économique de chaque pays. / The transition to a more sustainable energy system requires a much faster development of new and renewable energy technologies for electricity generation (RENe). Thus, involving new challenges in the regulation of electricity sector. Additionally, a stronger commitment by emerging and developing countries for a deeper decarbonization trajectory, calls for the strengthening of renewable energy policies. Such policies include designing regulatory instruments that are better adapted for their specific economic and institutional needs.This thesis deals with the evaluation and the redesign of policies that encourage the diffusion of RENe in the context of Latin America’s countries. To this end, we first use Environmental Economics theory to analyse the different regulatory instruments available, characterize them and to propose evaluation criteria based on a thorough review of the literature. We then carry out a panel data econometric study, to identify the determining factors of investments in regards to new RENe production capacity; and in particular, to measure the effectiveness of such policies. In a third phase, we mobilize the evolutionary theory of technological change to analyse the process of policy implementation, the existing barriers and the obtained results. This analysis is based on three case studies in the electricity sector of Chile, Brazil and Argentina. And finally, we focus on the challenges related to the massive deployment of RENe in Latin America by 2030-2040: the integration of intermittent energy sources, the access to financing and the industrial challenge.Our research shows that the evolution of the economic and institutional context encourages a dynamic which conditions public policy choices as well as their performance. We therefore propose the basis of an analytical framework for the design and assessment of ambitious long-term promoting policies. These policies must be integrated into a multidimensional and coherent project for the energy sector. More specifically, concerning the choice of the policy instrument and its design elements, We have therefore highlighted four principles to be considered, especially in the context of emerging countries. The level of risk for investors, the total cost of the policy for consumers, the institutional competency of the instrument and its flexibility to support technologies with various degrees of technical and economic maturity. Such flexibility must also address multiple objectives related to the socio-economic development process of each country.