The traditional employer-employee relationship came under an increased threat the past two decades with employers finding the option of utilising the services of Labour Brokers more attractive. Various reasons existed for this tendency amongst employers to opt for the use of Labour Brokers, some of these reasons being valid but mostly some reasons being born out of fear for the unknown labour law duties and obligations that were proposed to be placed on employers post 1994. In the absence of an action plan between the role players in the labour fraternity pathing the way traditional employer-employee relationships could be salvage, employers resorted to the appointment of Labour Brokers and Government on their part retaliated by considering either the total ban of Labour Brokers or the regulation of the profession to such an extent that same became largely unattractive and problematic. The non-addressing of problems and fears faced with by employers post 1994 resulted in an opportunity waisted to narrow the gap between employers and employees with the fight over work force power being the more important factor taken into consideration. This treatise will explore the options that faced the roll players post 1994 in the labour market, the reason for choices made and the effect same has had since on the labour market. The problematic amendments made to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act in an attempt to iron out the wrinkles poor choices made by the stake holders over the regulations of Labour Brokers, will be discussed. The ripple effect the amendments to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act had on other pieces of South African legislation will be considered and the uncertainty and confusion it has created discussed. Specific attention needs to be drawn to the intention of the legislature as to which party, the Labour Broker or employer, will be responsible for the ramifications of the wrong doings of an employee. Also, which party will be responsible to the employee to fulfil its labour rights as granted in the Constitution of South Africa. Unleashing reaction to the regulations of Temporary Employment Services does not seem to be a problem, the problem arises where the regulations proposed did not unleashed the desired reaction and roll players finding themselves frustrated and with having no alternative as to turn the Courts to solve the largely self-inflicted conundrum. The courts are left with the task of clarifying the legislature’s true intension in amending section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, which impact the writer with all due respect do not think the legislature even appreciated when the amendments were drafted. Currently, there is dividing views on the future of Labour Brokers per se in South Africa and the interpretation concerning Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, as amended. The focus of this treatise is to highlight the different interpretations given to these amendments this far and highlight that if it is in fact the wish of stake holders in the Labour fraternity that Labour Brokers should continue to exist, clarification is needed by our Constitution Court on certain vital issues and as discussed in this treatise.

1 Agency employment with a cross-border element Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is agency employment with a cross-border element. Employment agencies cover the shortage of workers on the Czech labor market by assigning foreigners to users. The thesis analyzes this process of agency employment of foreigners, by connecting the institutes of agency employment and employment of foreigners. In its introductory chapter, this thesis briefly describes and analyzes the institute of agency employment, focusing primarily on the requirements necessary to obtain a permission for agency employment and on comparable working and wage conditions. Furthermore, this work deals with the cross-border element of agency employment, where the second chapter analyzes in detail the process of agency employment of foreigners, both citizens of other Member States of the European Union and especially foreigners from third countries. Based on this analysis, the content of the second chapter is also a comparison of the legal status of Czech nationals, citizens from other Member States of the European Union and foreigners from third countries in the framework of agency employment. In the final chapter, this work deals with the violation of legislation in the field of agency employment with a cross-border element. It focuses on...

My thesis examines the role and regulation of private, for-profit employment agencies in the British Columbia labour market with respect to the recruitment of temporary foreign workers. In it, I reviewed the historical origins of employment agency legislation in Canada. I go on to describe Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program in connection with the transfer of federal immigration authority to the provinces. I also present a case study demonstrating how temporary foreign workers are recruited for the Live-in Caregiver Program in British Columbia, and use the study as a basis for comparing British Columbia’s employment agency legislation with the agency licensing regimes in the other Western Provinces. I conclude that Manitoba’s recent Worker Recruitment and Protection Act frames a best practice model for the protection of foreign workers during the recruitment process, and I encourage other provinces like British Columbia to develop and legislatively frame a similar set of best practices. / Graduate

During a long period of time, rental doctors have created a vast debate in Sweden. Currently, there is a shortage of doctors working in Sweden and to guarantee the lawful right to healthcare of high quality the counties must hire doctors through employment agencies. There are different opinions about rental doctors, some thinks the temporary employment results in a negative work environment and furthermore puts the patients at risk. Other people consider the Swedish healthcare to not function without rental doctors.  The purpose of this essay is to investigate rental doctors through a legal perspective and how temporary employment actually affects the patients’ security and the work environment in Sweden’s healthcare. Additionally, I want to examine options for counties to reduce the dependence of rental doctors and employment agencies. Through this essay I have foremost found a shortage of specialized doctors in Sweden, although there has been an incline of students in medicine. Counties in the northern parts of Sweden and sparsely populated areas have the vastest dependence of rental doctors, which results in future complications. Rental doctors are a necessity to guarantee a positive healthcare in counties that are having difficulties recruiting personal, but in long-term dependence of rental doctors complications appear. The long-termed temporary employment jeopardies the patient’s security and consistency of the treatment and affects the work environment in the healthcare. A majority of workers values social relations at work and a constant shortage of staff results in stress and illness. Therefore it is a necessity to reduce the dependency of rental doctors, although they are a necessity when no other caregiver is of disposal. When Sweden became a part of the European Union, the possibilities expanded for doctors to educate and work all around the union. All states in the union accepted the directive 2005/36/EG which means that all education for doctors to be equal and a simplification of the international labor market. In the beginning of the 21st century there was a growth in Swedish medical students that study and work abroad. There is also an incline of foreign doctors who decides to work in Sweden; furthermore it creates complications including longer introductions and language difficulties. However the inclines of foreign doctors are a useful alternative to reduce the dependence of rental doctors. / Hyrläkare, även kallat stafettläkare har länge skapat en hård debatt i Sverige. En läkarbrist råder i Sverige och för att garantera en god vård till befolkningen enligt HSL måste landstingen hyra in läkare genom bemanningsföretag. Det finns olika åsikter kring stafettläkare, vissa menar att inhyrningen orsakar en negativ arbetsmiljö som dessutom riskerar patientsäkerheten. Samtidigt som andra menar att den svenska vården inte skulle fungera utan stafettläkare. Mitt huvudsakliga syfte med denna uppsats är att belysa fenomenet stafettläkare ur ett rättsligt perspektiv och hur inhyrd personal påverkar patientsäkerheten samt arbetsmiljön i Sveriges hälso- och sjukvård. Uppsatsen ska även utreda tillgången på läkare, landstingens alternativ gällande bemanning och undersöka huruvida det är möjligt för landstingen att minska sitt beroende av stafettläkare. Genom denna uppsats har det framförallt visat sig en rådande brist på specialistläkare i Sverige, trots en ökning av studenter på läkarutbildningen. Beroendet av hyrpersonal är speciellt märkvärt i glesbygden och de norra delarna av Sverige.  Stafettläkare är en nödvändighet för att kunna garantera en god vård för befolkningen där det finns svårigheter att rekrytera läkare, men genom ett långvarigt behov uppstår det komplikationer. Stafettläkare riskerar att skada kontinuiteten i behandlingen samt patientsäkerheten. Ytterligare kan ett långvarigt användande av stafettläkare innebära negativa upplevelser av arbetsmiljön. Många arbetstagare värdesätter en social relation med sina arbetskamrater och ständig underbemanning skapar stress och ohälsa. Därför är det viktigt att finna alternativ för ett minskat behov av stafettläkare, trots att de är räddare i nöden när ingen annan vårdgivare finns.  När Sverige blev medlem i den Europeiska Unionen utvidgades möjligheterna markant för läkare att både utbildas och arbeta i unionens medlemsstater. Medlemstaterna harmoniserade direktivet 2005/36/EG som innebar att alla läkarutbildningar ska anses likvärdiga och underlätta läkares fria rörlighet inom unionen. I början av 2000-talet ökade antalet studenter som utbildar sig samt arbetar i ett annat land. Dessutom ökar antalet utländska läkare som kommer och arbetar i Sverige, vilket skapar ett tillskott av tillgången på läkare. Dock råder problematik gällande utländsk arbetskraft, det krävs en längre introduktion och komplikationer kring språkbarriärer. Trots detta är utländsk arbetskraft ett bra alternativ för att minska beroendet av stafettläkare.

O recente aumento da subcontratação formal de trabalho tem estimulado um importante debate sobre a qualidade da inserção e do vínculo estabelecido entre os trabalhadores e as empresas de intermediação de mão-de-obra. Visando contribuir para esse debate, a presente dissertação organiza-se de modo a alcançar três objetivos: em primeiro lugar, caracterizar a natureza e as transformações recentes no mercado de trabalho brasileiro; em segundo lugar, analisar o crescimento recente dos intermediários privados do mercado de trabalho; em terceiro lugar, investigar, com base em dados transversais e longitudinais da RAIS para a região metropolitana de São Paulo no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2007, se a passagem pelo emprego temporário ou terceirizado constitui-se num meio de acesso a empregos capazes de garantir a permanência no mercado formal ou se, pelo contrário, insere os indivíduos numa seqüência de empregos marcados pela fragilidade ou instabilidade dos vínculos. / The increasing relevance of labor outsourcing has improved and deepened the debate on the quality of job opportunities provided by labor market intermediaries and their relationship with the job seekers in different parts of the world. This dissertation aims at contributing to this debate and has three main goals: first, reflect on the structure and recent transformations in the Brazilian labor market; second, analyze the growth and changing importance of private intermediaries in this market; third, scrutinize crosssectional and longitudinal data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor (RAIS data basis) on the dynamics of formal jobs in São Paulo Metropolitan Region, during 1998 and 2007, in order to investigate if the access to temporary and/or outsourced jobs can provide the workers with a carrier in the formal labor market or instead only allows them to engage in a sequence of fragile and unstable employment contracts.

O recente aumento da subcontratação formal de trabalho tem estimulado um importante debate sobre a qualidade da inserção e do vínculo estabelecido entre os trabalhadores e as empresas de intermediação de mão-de-obra. Visando contribuir para esse debate, a presente dissertação organiza-se de modo a alcançar três objetivos: em primeiro lugar, caracterizar a natureza e as transformações recentes no mercado de trabalho brasileiro; em segundo lugar, analisar o crescimento recente dos intermediários privados do mercado de trabalho; em terceiro lugar, investigar, com base em dados transversais e longitudinais da RAIS para a região metropolitana de São Paulo no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2007, se a passagem pelo emprego temporário ou terceirizado constitui-se num meio de acesso a empregos capazes de garantir a permanência no mercado formal ou se, pelo contrário, insere os indivíduos numa seqüência de empregos marcados pela fragilidade ou instabilidade dos vínculos. / The increasing relevance of labor outsourcing has improved and deepened the debate on the quality of job opportunities provided by labor market intermediaries and their relationship with the job seekers in different parts of the world. This dissertation aims at contributing to this debate and has three main goals: first, reflect on the structure and recent transformations in the Brazilian labor market; second, analyze the growth and changing importance of private intermediaries in this market; third, scrutinize crosssectional and longitudinal data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor (RAIS data basis) on the dynamics of formal jobs in São Paulo Metropolitan Region, during 1998 and 2007, in order to investigate if the access to temporary and/or outsourced jobs can provide the workers with a carrier in the formal labor market or instead only allows them to engage in a sequence of fragile and unstable employment contracts.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice Social Change Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

The purpose of the project was to develop a training course for the city of San Bernardino Employment Development Department [EDD] to introduce job seekers to the primary marketing skills necessary for obtaining gainful employment.

No description available.