Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.

Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.

Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.

任何一個制度或政策的形成，他國的實施經驗是相當重要的參考依據。我國就業保險制度從規劃至實際執行，加拿大就業保險制度的規劃方式與實施經驗一直都是我國重要的參考範例之一。本研究針對加拿大就業保險制度為研究對象，先探討加拿大就業保險制度形成之環境背景，研究該國失業狀況及就業保險制度之間的關聯，瞭解加拿大就業保險制度之發展過程，分析加拿大就業保險制度之運作方式及實施內涵，探討該國就業保險制度之實施對於該國人民以及經濟上的影響。並參考加拿大制度之實施經驗，比較分析我國新實施之就業保險制度，並觀察加拿大就業保險制度之優缺點，進而提供我國就業保險於未來可能之改進參考。 就目前加拿大就業保險制度之實施，本研究發現加拿大就業市場存在以下重要現象：(一)經濟景氣深受美國影響；(二) 勞動力老化與青壯年失業率持續居高不下；(三) 申請津貼者以部分工時者居多，以女性及初次就業青年為主；(四) 就業保險基金之帳戶餘額大幅增加。 加拿大就業保險制度有以下數點特色：一、在政策方面：(一)以特殊津貼的方式，加強對特定失業族群的社會扶助功能；(二)對詐領保險者的多重罰則，防止不當詐騙意圖；(三)嚴格限制津貼領取資格，強固就業保險基金之基礎。二、在執行方面：(一) 採用更準確的保險年資計算方式；(二) 更彈性的津貼申請與給付標準；(三)依據當地人口結構與經濟狀況規劃的行政組織；(四)獨立的保險督察機構。三、在財務規劃方面：(一)運用特殊基金創造就業機會；(二)保險費由雇主與勞工分攤，政府不另負擔。 而加拿大就業保險制度之優點為：一、就業促進措施發揮促進積極就業的功能；二、以工作時數為單位的保險年資計算，使投保資格更為公平準確；三、對於特定族群之特殊津貼給付有助於社會安定；四、因地制宜的行政組織，有效反映市場需求；五、由勞資政三方共同組成保險督察機構，可獨立且客觀的執行評估與監察功能；六、整合的資訊系統，使得就業資源的運用更有效率。缺點則是：一、津貼給付對象無法有效針對真正弱勢的失業族群；二、津貼給付對象過度限縮，就業保險基金大幅增加；三、保費僅來自雇主與勞工，缺乏穩定的支撐。 對加拿大之就業保險制度，本研究提出下列數項建議：一、放寬被保險人申請失業津貼的資格限制，造福更多失業者；二、修正津貼給付的方式，使資源集中在就業弱勢族群；三、修正保費支付額度與比例，以穩固就業保險基金來源。 同時，對我國就業保險之實施提出下列建議：壹、在制度方面：強化我國勞工行政體系，建立事權專一之就業保險制度；貳、在政策方面：強化就業保險之社會扶助功能、提高社會安定功能；參、在執行方面：一、採用更為彈性的資格認定方式，使資源有效分配；二、整合各部會機關之就業資訊網絡，使就業資訊更易於流通；三、避免過度限制津貼申請人的資格，以防止津貼給付之疏漏；四、強化就業服務機關的彈性，以利就業保險於各地之執行；五、持續就業保險的宣傳與教育。參、在財務面：調整現有的保費比例。

失業為工業社會不可避免之問題，失業不僅影響勞工個人，亦衝擊其全家生活。為了保障勞工及其撫養家屬於失業期間之基本生活，大多數國家都設有失業補償制度，如失業保險、失業救助、離職公積金、資遣費等，其中以失業保險制度為最多國家所採行。 近年來，國內失業率攀升，日益嚴重的失業問題使得各方要求建立失業保險制度之聲浪再度高漲，政府終於在民國88年開辦「勞工保險失業給付實施辦法」，將延宕多年的失業給付諸施行。而為了整合失業給付、職業訓練與就業服務體系，勞委會邀集相關單位研擬就業保險法草案，於91年立法院三讀通過，並於92年元旦實施。 本文即以我國就業保險法為研究對象，並以ILO第168號公約為基準檢視我國就業保險法、以美國及加拿大之就業保險制度做為借鏡，試圖歸納出我國就業保險法制未來改革應遵循的方向即可避免的錯誤。本文研究結果，對我國就業保險法提出以下幾點建議： 一、參照公約及美加制度，逐步擴大適用範圍。 二、請領條件方面：擴大「非自願離職」之內涵，將非因經濟、技術、結構或類似性質等特定因素之離職情況納入考量；參照公約規定，增加評估推介就業是否合理的考量因素；考量就業服務機構推介就業的效率及勞工所能承受經濟壓力的期限，訂定較符合公約要求的等待期；加強失業再認定的查核作業。 三、保險給付改採彈性給付級距制，對於低所得者給予較高之給付替代率，以確保其能維持基本生活，並達所得重分配之效果。 四、刪除提早就業獎助津貼。 五、改善職訓與就服體系，推廣單一窗口服務制度。 六、加強投保薪資之查核作業，讓給付更能符合失業勞工生活所需。 七、參照公約及美加兩國制度，採取失業給付與資遣費相互抵償之作法，讓失業給付照顧真正需要者，減少資源浪費。

À travers le cas de la Coalition québécoise contre la réforme de l’assurance-emploi, nous cherchons à comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui influencent les dynamiques internes d’une coalition de mouvements sociaux. Pour ce faire, nous effectuons, tout d’abord, une revue de la littérature axée sur les théories des mouvements sociaux et les coalitions de mouvements sociaux. Celle-ci nous permet de formuler l’hypothèse selon laquelle les relations interpersonnelles entre les représentants des différents groupes sociaux membres d’une coalition vont influencer sa durabilité et l’accomplissement de ses objectifs. Nous testons ensuite cette hypothèse en passant les données recueillies au filtre des indicateurs élaborés au sein de notre cadre théorique. Il s’agit donc de voir en quoi la structure de prise de décisions (processus décisionnel participatif et égalitaire, construction du plan d’action conjoint et élaboration des critères d’adhésion) et la présence de liens interpersonnels, préexistants à la formation de la Coalition, entre les individus membres de celle-ci, ont une influence sur son fonctionnement et sa continuité dans le temps. Enfin, nous terminons en analysant les liens personnels entre ces individus à travers l’ambiance dans les rencontres, le plaisir d’y participer et les relations qui s’y sont développées. / By studying the case of the Québec Coalition against the reform of the employment insurance, we seek to determine how it is possible for a social movement coalition, considering the diversity of its members, to organize itself and act in unison in the public area. To answer this question, we first put together a literature review of social movements and social movement coalitions, while focussing on social ties. This review brings to light the hypothesis that social ties between members of a social movement coalition have an influence on the proper operation and the durability of this coalition. In order to test this hypothesis, we use data collected in the field through interviews and observation. The data is analysed using various indicators defined in our theoretical framework. The first element is based on how decisions are made within the Coalition (participation of each member, determination of the action plan and criteria for new adherents) and the possibility of existing social ties between members of the Coalition before its formation. The second element refers to the relationships between those members and their impact on the proper operation and continuity of the Coalition.