Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardi_ns_me_jabo.pdf: 642579 bytes, checksum: d0b78376c5154b3de57f0e9f7b33561c (MD5) / O presente estudo avaliou o condicionamento físico de equinos por meio de alterações musculares e metabólicas observadas antes e após treinamento de resistência, correlacionando tais alterações com o desempenho durante uma competição de enduro. Onze equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe foram submetidos a dois testes incrementais (TIs) a campo para determinação das concentrações sanguíneas de lactato, e hemogasometria antes e após período de três meses de treinamento em trilha com duas sessões semanais predominantemente ao passo, e uma sessão semanal com predomínio do galope. Antes e após o treinamento também foi realizada avaliação ultrassonográfica do músculo Longissimus dorsi e Gluteus medius e, avaliação histológica e histoquímica do músculo Gluteus medius colhido por biópsia percutânea. Após o término do período de treinamento, os animais realizaram um teste de resistência de 80 km a campo. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue no repouso, durante a competição e no período de recuperação, para realização de análises hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemogasométricas. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à Análise de Variância e os valores médios comparados pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Foram encontradas diferenças nas concentrações de lactato entre os testes, os valores máximos de lactato no TI1 foram superiores aos encontrados no TI2, esse aumento foi seguido por diminuições nos valores do pH. A área total relativa das fibras musculares do tipo IIX aumentou em detrimento das fibras do tipo I. Durante o enduro de 80 km, os cavalos apresentaram quadro de alcalose metabólica mista, por meio do desenvolvimento de alcalose metabólica hipoclorêmica e alcalose respiratória. Baixas concentrações sanguíneas de lactato demonstraram predomínio do metabolismo aeróbico durante... / The purpose of the present study was to assess the physical conditioning of horses through muscle and metabolic variables evaluated before and after one resistance training program, as well as correlate these findings with performance during an endurance competition. Eleven Arabian horses performed two incremental exercise tests (IETs) in the field for determination of blood lactate and blood gases. The tests were carried out before and after a training program of 3 months duration, consisted by two weekly sessions on track predominantly walking, and one weekly session with a predominance of canter. After the end of training and the second IET, the horses participated of an 80 km endurance test (FEI*). Blood samples were collected during competition and at recovery phase to analyze hematological, biochemical and blood gases. Ultrasonographic measurements of the Longissimus dorsi and muscles were also harvested before and after training. Furthermore, muscular tissue was obtained from Gluteus medius through percutaneous biopsy for microscopic and histochemical analysis. The variables were subjected to ANOVA and mean values compared by Tukey test (p<0.05). Maximal lactate values increased during the second IET comparing to the first IET, and this increasing was followed by decreased values of pH. The total relative area of type IIX muscular fibers increased over type I fibers. Ultrasound did not show differences. During the 80 km endurance, horses showed a mixed alkalosis, through development of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis. A predominance of aerobic metabolism throughout the track was detected via lactate analysis, as expected for this modality. It was suggested that muscle and metabolic changes observed before and after training were possibly related to each other, demonstrating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Banca: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Banca: Herbert Gustavo Simões / Resumo: Avaliou-se o desempenho atlético de 10 cavalos puro sangue árabe (PSA) com média de 7±2 anos. Os grupos foram submetidos a dois meses de treinamento isocalórico, distribuídos em dois tipos de treinamento, sendo um grupo de treinamento exclusivo a passo (GI) e outro grupo de treinamento com exercícios a passo, trote, cânter e galope (GII). Os programas de treinamento foram avaliados por meio de análises lactatêmicas e monitoramento cardíaco durante testes a campo e em esteira rolante. Utilizou-se teste t de student e Tukey para análise estatística dos dados obtidos. A partir dos testes de esforço em esteira rolante e a campo foi possível calcular as V160, V180 e V200 e as V2 e V4, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Já o tempo de fadiga e velocidades atingidas aumentaram para ambos os grupos. A lactatemia de recuperação não apresentou diferenças após o treinamento. As FC de recuperação reduziram após o treinamento, 1 min após o término do TFCmáx (de 210±0 para 122±15 para GI e de 199±1 para 125±14 para GII). O GI60 apresentou maior sensibilidade muscular escapular, lombar e glútea. GI60 e GII60 desenvolveram alguma sensibilidade tanto no TFDS quanto no TFDP. Concluiu-se que o GI foi mais prejudicial às estruturas musculares e tendíneas devido ao tempo elevado de treinamento. Ambos os protocolos imprimiram melhorias do desempenho atlético representadas por aumento do tempo de fadiga e melhor recuperação da FC pós TFCmáx / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the athletic performance of 10 purebred Arabian horses with an average of 7 ± 2 years old. After adaptation to the exercise, groups underwent two months of isocaloric training, randomly distributed into two types of training, one group was trained with only walk exercises (GI) and other group was trained with exercises in all gaits (GII). Training programs were assessed by analysis of lactate concentration [LA] and cardiac monitoring during tests in the field and treadmill conditions. We used Student's t test and Tukey's test to analysis of the data. From the exercise tests on a treadmill and in the field was possible to calculate the V160, V180 and V200 and V2 and V4, with no significant difference between groups. The time of fatigue (TF) and maximal speeds increased for both groups. The recovery [LA] did not differ after training between GI and GII. The HR of recovery reduced after training, 1 min after the THRmáx (from 210±0 and 122±15 for GI and 199±1 to 125±14 for GII). The GI60 showed higher scapular, lumbar and gluteal muscle sensitivity. GI60 and GII60 developed some sensitivity in both the superficial digital flexor tendon and deep digital flexor tendon. It was concluded that the GI is more harmful to the muscular structures due to high training time per session and that training of GII requires more careful by tendinous structures. Although both protocols have made improvements in athletic performance represented by increasing the TF and better recovery of HR after HRTmáx / Mestre

Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto / Coorientador: Lina Maria Wehrle Gomide / Banca: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Banca: Marcos Jun Watanabe / Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou o condicionamento físico de equinos por meio de alterações musculares e metabólicas observadas antes e após treinamento de resistência, correlacionando tais alterações com o desempenho durante uma competição de enduro. Onze equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe foram submetidos a dois testes incrementais (TIs) a campo para determinação das concentrações sanguíneas de lactato, e hemogasometria antes e após período de três meses de treinamento em trilha com duas sessões semanais predominantemente ao passo, e uma sessão semanal com predomínio do galope. Antes e após o treinamento também foi realizada avaliação ultrassonográfica do músculo Longissimus dorsi e Gluteus medius e, avaliação histológica e histoquímica do músculo Gluteus medius colhido por biópsia percutânea. Após o término do período de treinamento, os animais realizaram um teste de resistência de 80 km a campo. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue no repouso, durante a competição e no período de recuperação, para realização de análises hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemogasométricas. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à Análise de Variância e os valores médios comparados pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Foram encontradas diferenças nas concentrações de lactato entre os testes, os valores máximos de lactato no TI1 foram superiores aos encontrados no TI2, esse aumento foi seguido por diminuições nos valores do pH. A área total relativa das fibras musculares do tipo IIX aumentou em detrimento das fibras do tipo I. Durante o enduro de 80 km, os cavalos apresentaram quadro de alcalose metabólica mista, por meio do desenvolvimento de alcalose metabólica hipoclorêmica e alcalose respiratória. Baixas concentrações sanguíneas de lactato demonstraram predomínio do metabolismo aeróbico durante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the physical conditioning of horses through muscle and metabolic variables evaluated before and after one resistance training program, as well as correlate these findings with performance during an endurance competition. Eleven Arabian horses performed two incremental exercise tests (IETs) in the field for determination of blood lactate and blood gases. The tests were carried out before and after a training program of 3 months duration, consisted by two weekly sessions on track predominantly walking, and one weekly session with a predominance of canter. After the end of training and the second IET, the horses participated of an 80 km endurance test (FEI*). Blood samples were collected during competition and at recovery phase to analyze hematological, biochemical and blood gases. Ultrasonographic measurements of the Longissimus dorsi and muscles were also harvested before and after training. Furthermore, muscular tissue was obtained from Gluteus medius through percutaneous biopsy for microscopic and histochemical analysis. The variables were subjected to ANOVA and mean values compared by Tukey test (p<0.05). Maximal lactate values increased during the second IET comparing to the first IET, and this increasing was followed by decreased values of pH. The total relative area of type IIX muscular fibers increased over type I fibers. Ultrasound did not show differences. During the 80 km endurance, horses showed a mixed alkalosis, through development of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis. A predominance of aerobic metabolism throughout the track was detected via lactate analysis, as expected for this modality. It was suggested that muscle and metabolic changes observed before and after training were possibly related to each other, demonstrating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação parenteral com vitamina E e selênio em determinados parâmetros hemáticos e séricos usados comumente na clínica diária em cavalos de enduro. Foram utilizados seis cavalos em treinamento das raças Árabes e Anglo-árabes em um delineamento em Cross Over de dois períodos de 84 dias cada, divididos em grupos Tratamento e Controle. Não foi observado efeito de tratamento para as variáveis peso, hematócrito, contagem eritrocitária, hemoglobina, leucócitos, freqüência cardíaca, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média, uréia, glutationa peroxidase, creatinina lactatodesidrogenase, creatiniquinase, gammaglutamiltransferase e glutationa peroxidase. Os valores de enzimas lactatodesidrogenase e creatiniquinase em repouso ficaram muito por cima dos níveis de referência em ambos grupos. No dia 70 foi observada diferença significativa (p < 0,05) para volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média, correspondendo o valor menor ao grupo tratamento. As conclusões extraídas deste estudo são: 1. A suplementação parenteral de selênio e vitamina E não influi nos parâmetros analisados em cavalos que treinam e competem em provas de até 60 km. 2. Apesar de inconstantes, os achados nos valores de volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média podem sinalizar uma tendência de adaptação ao exercício destes valores hematimétricos em animais com melhor defesa antioxidante. / The aim of this study was to measure the effects of parenteral supplementation with selenium and vitamin E in predetermined hematic and serics parameters commonly used in endurance horse daily clinic. Six Arab and Anglo-Arab horses in endurance training were used in a Cross Over experimental design of two periods of 84 days each, divided in Treatment and Control groups. No treatment effects was detected for weight, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, leucocytes, heart rate, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, reduced glutathion, urea, creatinine and lactatodeshidrogenase, creatinikinase, gammaglutamiltransferase or glutathion peroxidase. The lactatedeshidrogenase and creatinikinase values were high than those used as reference in both groups. In 70\'th day was observed a statistical difference (p < 0,05) for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin parameters, with the lowest value in the treatment group. The following conclusions were extracted from this trial: 1. A parenteral supplementation with selenium and vitamin E had no effect in the examined parameters in horses training and competing in races till 60 km. 2. Despite the inconsistence of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin finds, this observation can indicate an exercise adaptation tendency of this hematimetric values in horses with better antioxidant defense.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeiraneto_ar_dr_jabo.pdf: 453485 bytes, checksum: 016aae97c12d16e6f4e18da96ca5b03e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The aim of this study was to register the physiologic and metabolic alterations and investigate the exercise induced oxidative stress that Arabians horses undergo during long distance endurance exercises, under tropical climate. Five endurance rides were followed through 2004 state championship. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein 2 to 5 hours before the beginning of each ride and during rides, after the veterinary check-point. During the recovery period, venous samples were collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after the rides, at each horses stables. Hemoconcentration (elevated erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit), dehydration (elevated total plasmatic proteins concentration and weight losses) and, possibly, decreased renal perfusion (elevated seric urea and creatinin concentration) were revealed by horses in this study. All data returned to basal values during the recovery period except serum urea concentration. Hormonal changes were also monitored and data revealed an important elevation in plasma cortisol concentration during the ride, directly related to the duration of it. Insulin response was decreased by catecholamines suppressing action during exercise. The endurance effort, evaluated in this experiment, could induce muscular alterations by an increase in muscular enzyme activities during the rides, with different periods of return to basal values in the recovery period. An interesting result was the exercise-induced oxidative stress measured by cyclic voltammetry to determine the total antioxidant capacity of plasma during endurance exercise. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of what really occurs in the horses body to maintain homeostasis while submitted to long distance endurance efforts under tropical climate.

Com o objetivo de avaliar se o exercício físico prolongado causa alterações miocárdicas em eqüinos de enduro e se estas alterações cardíacas têm influência no desempenho dos animais durante as provas, avaliaram-se 30 cavalos, divididos em três grupos de dez animais cada, sendo G1 composto por animais que percorreram distâncias acima de 100 km, G2 por animais que percorreram distâncias menores de 100 km e G3 por animais desqualificados por alterações metabólicas. Os animais foram avaliados em três momentos distintos, T0 (pré-exercício, em repouso), T1 (entre 30 e 60 minutos após o exercício) e T2 (entre 90 e 120 minutos pós-exercício). Realizaram-se o exame físico e o exame ecocardiográfico, além de colheita de amostras de sangue para determinação de troponina I cardíaca sérica e outras provas bioquímicas. Não houve diferença nos valores de troponina I cardíaca entre os diversos grupos nem nos diferentes tempos. Observou-se diminuição dos valores do diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo em diástole e aumento de espessura de septo interventricular pós-exercício. Não houve diferença nos índices funcionais cardíacos e houve manutenção do débito cardíaco por aumento da freqüência cardíaca. Estas alterações ecocardiográficas de pequena magnitude foram mais evidentes nos animais desqualificados por alterações metabólicas e não parecem estar relacionadas a injúria miocárdica e sim secundárias a outras condições orgânicas. Conclui-se que o exercício físico prolongado não leva a injúrias cardíacas severas em cavalos de enduro. / With the purpose of evaluating myocardial alterations caused by prolonged physical exercise and whether these alterations influence the endurance horses\' performance during the races, 30 horses were evaluated, divided into three groups of ten horses each, being G1 composed by animals that performed distances of more than 100 km, G2 by animals that performed distances of less than 100 km and G3 by animals disqualified by metabolic alterations. The horses were evaluated in three distinct moments, T0 (pre-exercise, at rest), T1 (between 30 and 60 minutes post-exercise) and T2 (between 90 and 120 minutes post-exercise). Physical and echocardiographic examinations and else blood sample collection for the determination of cardiac troponin I and other biochemical tests were done. There was no difference in cardiac troponin I values neither between the various groups, nor between the moments. There was a decrease in the post-exercise values of the diastolic left ventricle internal diameter and an increase in the post-exercise values of the interventricular septal thickness. There was no difference in the cardiac functional indexes and the cardiac output was maintainded by augmentation of the heart rate. These minor echocardiographic alterations were more evident in the animals that were disqualified by metabolic alterations, and they don\'t seem to be related to myocardial injury, but secondary to other organic conditions. Based on these results, prolonged physical exercise doesn\'t seem to cause severe cardiac injuries in endurance horses.

Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar se provas de enduro de diferentes distâncias causam estresse em equinos treinados, avaliar os efeitos das provas de enduro de diferentes distâncias sobre a atividade dos linfócitos e a relação com a imunocompetência dos equinos atletas e investigar a suplementação alimentar com glutamina como possível atenuante desse efeito depressivo do estresse sobre o sistema imunológico. Foram utilizados 33 cavalos treinados para enduro, 13 em 80 km, 14 em 120 km e 6 em 160 km, avaliados em 4 provas. Metade dos cavalos de cada categoria recebeu suplementação com glutamina via oral 30 dias antes e 14 dias após as provas. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas antes (M0), imediatamente após a última inspeção veterinária (M1), 3 horas depois (M2) e nos haras 3 (M3), 7 (M4), e 14 dias (M5). Houve aumento dos níveis de cortisol, amônia, neutrófilos, aumento da relação neutrófilos/linfócitos e diminuição da contagem de linfócitos em M1 e M2 em todos os cavalos. Houve diminuição da relação CD4/CD8 nos animais de 120 (M2, M3 e M4) e 160 km (M3) que não receberam suplementação e diminuição de IFN em todos os cavalos. Nos suplementados, houve diminuição da relação CD4/CD8 em 80 (M2), 120 (M2 e M3) e 160 km (M3 e M4) e aumento tardio de IFN (M4 e M5) nos cavalos de 80 e 120 km. As concentrações de IL-2, IL-4 e IL-10 aumentaram após a prova em todos os cavalos, porém, nos suplementados o aumento foi maior ou mais prolongado. Com base nesses resultados, não foi possível observar estresse nos animais, nem imunodepressão, embora a suplementação tenha exercido efeito sobre os linfócitos. / The objectives of this study were to assess whether a different distances endurance races cause stress in trained horses, assess the effects of different distances an endurance races on the lymphocytes and relationship with the immune competence of equine athletes and investigate dietary supplementation with glutamine as possible mitigating this depressive effect of stress on the immune system . 33 well trained endurance horses were used, 13 at 80 km, 14 and 120 km and 6 in 160 km in 4 endurance rides . Half of the horses in each category received oral supplementation with glutamine to 30 days before and 14 days after the race. Venous blood samples were collected before (M0), immediately after the last veterinary inspection (M1), 3 hours after (M2) and in their farms 3 (M3), 7 (M4) and 14 days (M5) after. There was an increase in cortisol levels, ammonia and neutrophils, increase in neutrophils / lymphocytes ratio and reduction in lymphocyte counts at M1 and M2 in all horses. There was a decrease in LT CD4/CD8 ratio in 120 (M2, M3 and M4) and 160 km (M3) without supplementation and either a decreased in IFN in all animals. Horses that had received glutamine supplementation showed a decreased in CD4/CD8 ratio in 80 (M2), 120 (M2 and M3) and 160 km (M3 and M4) and late increase of IFN (M4 and M5) in 80 and 120 km. INF production was increased later (7 and 14 days) in 80 and 120 km horses that received supplementation and decreased in all 160 km. The concentrations of IL-2 , IL-4 and IL-10 increased after the race on all horses , but the increase was greater or more prolonged in supplemented ones. Based on these results, it was not possible to observe stress in these animals, or immunosuppression either, although supplementation has exerted effects on lymphocytes.

Orientador: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Banca: José Correa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Wilson Roberto Fernandes / Banca: Flávio Desessards de La Cortê / Banca: Thiago Luiz de Salles Gomes / Abstract: The aim of this study was to register the physiologic and metabolic alterations and investigate the exercise induced oxidative stress that Arabians horses undergo during long distance endurance exercises, under tropical climate. Five endurance rides were followed through 2004 state championship. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein 2 to 5 hours before the beginning of each ride and during rides, after the veterinary check-point. During the recovery period, venous samples were collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after the rides, at each horses’ stables. Hemoconcentration (elevated erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit), dehydration (elevated total plasmatic proteins concentration and weight losses) and, possibly, decreased renal perfusion (elevated seric urea and creatinin concentration) were revealed by horses in this study. All data returned to basal values during the recovery period except serum urea concentration. Hormonal changes were also monitored and data revealed an important elevation in plasma cortisol concentration during the ride, directly related to the duration of it. Insulin response was decreased by catecholamines suppressing action during exercise. The endurance effort, evaluated in this experiment, could induce muscular alterations by an increase in muscular enzyme activities during the rides, with different periods of return to basal values in the recovery period. An interesting result was the exercise-induced oxidative stress measured by cyclic voltammetry to determine the total antioxidant capacity of plasma during endurance exercise. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of what really occurs in the horses’ body to maintain homeostasis while submitted to long distance endurance efforts under tropical climate. / Doutor

Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Banca: André Escobar / Banca: Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto / Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar variáveis fisiológicas, eletrolíticas e hemogasométricas de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha (QM), com desempenhos distintos, submetidos a uma corrida simulada de três tambores (TT). Ademais, compararam-se as alterações no equilíbrio ácido-base destes equinos QM com outros atletas da espécie equina, da raça Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA), competidores de enduro equestre de 160 km de distância. Adicionalmente, realizamos a comparação de dois métodos de cálculo da variável Atot. No experimento 1, 10 equinos da raça QM foram distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo um de desempenho superior (DS, n=5) e outro de desempenho inferior (DI, n=5). Submeteram-se estes equinos a uma corrida de TT e verificou-se as possíveis alterações no equilíbrio ácido-base pela abordagem tradicional e mecanicista, sendo os momentos de coleta antes e após o esforço. No experimento 2, 16 equinos da raça PSA participaram de uma prova seletiva de enduro equestre de 160 km e foram avaliados antes, durante e após a competição. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas em ambos os experimentos. Determinou-se frequência cardíaca somente dos equinos QM. Quantificou-se variáveis fisiológicas, eletrolíticas e hemogasométricas de todos os equinos que participaram do presente estudo. Realizou-se para o experimento 1, teste t pareado e não pareado para diferenças entre os momentos e entre os grupos, respectivamente. Para o experimento 2, foi realizada análise de variância (ANAVA) para comparação das variáveis seguido do teste de Tukey para as diferenças estatísticas encontradas. Todas as análises foram realizadas com 95% de significância (p<0,05). As FCpico e FCm foram de 206 ± 8,7 e 203 ± 12,9, e de 181 ± 7,5 e 177 ± 3,5 bpm, para os grupos DS e DI, respectivamente. O principal distúrbio encontrado pelas duas metodologias para a modalidade TT foi a acidose metabólica. Para esta modalidade obtivemos concordância total... / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine physiological, electrolytic and hemogasometric parameters of Quarter horses, with distinct fitness levels, submitted to a simulated barrel racing (BR). Moreover, the alterations in the acid-base balance were compared between Quarter and Arabian horses, competitors of equine endurance of 160 km. Besides, it was performed a comparison of two methods to determine the variable Atot. In the experiment 1, 10 Quarter horses were distributed in two groups, one composed by high fitness animals (HF, n=5) and other with lower fitness (LF, n=5). These horses were submitted to a BR and it was verified the possible alterations in the acid-base balance using the traditional and mechanistic approaches, being the collecting moments before and after the exercise. In the experiment 2, 16 Arabian horses participated in an endurance ride of 160 km and they were evaluated before, during and after the competition. Samples of venous blood were collected in both experiments. The heart frequency was determined only for the Quarter horses. Physiological, electrolytic and hemogasometric parameters were quantified for all equines of the present study. Were performed for the experiment 1, the t-paired and not-paired t-test between moments and groups, respectively. For the experiment 2, it was performed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the variables followed by Tukey's test. All analysis were performed with 95% of significance. The FCpeak e FCm were 206 ± 8,7 and 203 ± 12,9 bpm for the HF group, and 181 ± 7,5 e 177 ± 3,5 bpm for the LF group. The main disturbance found by the two approaches for the BR was the metabolic acidosis. For this discipline, total matching between the approaches was obtained. For endurance, 10 animals sucessfully completed the competition and 6 were eliminated. The main disturbance found in the sucessfull animals for both approaches was the metabolic alkalosis. In the ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_amgb_me_jabo.pdf: 455415 bytes, checksum: 9edee21da274e963cf80807ae32f169a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Estudos com cavalos de enduro submetidos a exercícios de resistência enfocam o desempenho individual. Na medicina esportiva humana, muitos estudos foram realizados mensurando a concentração da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) e relacionando-a com corredores de maratona de elite, especialmente aqueles com menores concentrações plasmáticas desta enzima. No entanto, como na medicina veterinária poucos estudos foram realizados neste campo, decidiu-se avaliar a atividade plasmática da ECA em equinos durante treinamento e, posteriormente, antes e durante prova de resistência. Foram utilizados 11 equinos adultos da raça Árabe, hígidos, mantidos sem treinamento durante 16 semanas. Foram realizados dois testes de esforço físico progressivo (TEP) para determinar o condicionamento físico dos animais, sendo um antes e outro ao final do treinamento, que durou 12 semanas. Uma semana após o segundo TEP, foi realizado um teste de resistência (TR) de 80 km. Antes, durante e após a realização do TR, amostras de sangue foram colhidas para mensurar a atividade plasmática da ECA. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância e, quando verificadas diferenças estatísticas (p ≤ 0,05) em relação a variável tempo, os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Fisher. Houve diminuição gradual da atividade da ECA ao longo do período de treinamento. Os valores médios obtidos antes e durante o TR variaram e os valores encontrados antes do TR foram menores que os obtidos vinte e quatro horas após o término do mesmo (p=0,003). Os menores valores encontrados neste experimento foram após os equinos completarem 50 km do teste, o que não ocorreu durante o TR e é sugestivo de estar relacionado à desidratação. A diminuição da atividade plasmática da ECA com o treinamento se revelou ferramenta em potencial para avaliação dos efeitos de treinamento / Studies about horses submitted to long distance exercise have focused on individual performance and reasons for failure. In human sports medicine, many studies have measured plasma concentration of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and correlated it to the performance of elite marathon runners, which present lower plasma concentration of this enzyme. This study evaluated plasma ACE activity during training and an endurance ride in a group of endurance horses. Eleven healthy adult Arabian horses were submitted to sixteen weeks of rest before the initiation of the training period. Before start and after the training period, a progressive exercise test (PET) was carried out in order to determine the horse’s fitness and to plan the training protocol. Horses were trained for twelve weeks, and at the end of the training period, one week after the second PET, horses were submitted to an 80 km endurance exercise test (ET). Before, during and after the ET, blood samples were collected to determine ACE’s plasma activity. Effects of sampling times were evaluated by ANOVA and significant differences analyzed by the Fisher’s test. ACE’s plasma activity gradually diminished during the training period The mean values of ACE’s activity obtained before and during the ET varied and values before the ET were lower than twenty four hours after the end (p=0,003). Lowest ACE values were found after 50 km of ET, and were simultaneous to the highest total protein. It indicates that the lowest ACE during endurance exercise may be related to dehydration, possibly indicating a body adjustment. Plasma ECA activity of horses decreased with training and may be used as a potential tool to measure training effects