En droit de l’exécution des peines, deux procès essentiels peuvent se jouer pour le condamné : le procès disciplinaire et le procès d’application des peines. En dépit du clivage droit privé-droit public qui les caractérise, ces deux procès se sont inscrits ces dernières années dans une même logique juridictionnelle. Souvent envisagés de manière distincte, l’intérêt de notre étude sera de démontrer qu’au delà du polymorphisme du droit et des organes juridictionnels ou non juridictionnels auxquels ces procès se rattachent, ces derniers ont connu une évolution concomitante en termes de reconnaissance de garanties procédurales. Ainsi, aujourd’hui, on peut affirmer qu’un véritable droit commun de l’exécution des peines est né. Néanmoins, ce tronc commun présente encore de nombreuses insuffisances au regard des principes qui doivent caractériser un procès équitable (indépendance, impartialité, publicité...). Malgré cela, les juridictions françaises refusent toujours de reconnaître l’applicabilité de certains principes supra-législatifs au milieu carcéral en se fondant sur des critères qui leur sont propres et sur une qualification erronée du contentieux disciplinaire. Dès lors, cette étude se propose de mettre en exergue la véritable qualification "pénale" de ce contentieux et prône le principe d’unicité de l’action répressive. De ce fait, il s’agira de déterminer l’organe le mieux à même de protéger les droits des condamnés. Se posera alors la question de l’hypothèse d’un procèscommun par la prise en compte du lien existant entre les procès de l’exécution des peines au travers des retraits de réductions de peine / In the law of enforcement of the sentences, two essential proceedings are at stake for the sentenced person : the disciplinary proceeding and the enforcement proceeding. In recent years and despite the division between private law and public law that characterizes them, these proceedings have come within the framework of a unique jurisdictional logic. Although they are often envisaged as different, the interest of this study is to demonstrate that beyond the polymorphism of the law, on the one part,and the jurisdictional and non jurisdictional organs to which these proceedings are connected, on the other part, the last ones have known a concomitant evolution in terms of recognition of procedural safeguards. Thus, today, we can assert that a real general law of enforcement of the sentences was born. Nevertheless, this common-core syllabus still shows numerous inadequacies towards the principles which must characterize a fair trial (independence, impartiality, public hearing…). In spiteof this, French courts still refuse to admit the applicability of certain supra-legal principles in prison environment, basing themselves on proper criteria and on an erroneous legal definition of disciplinary proceedings. Therefore, this study intends to underline the real criminal definition of these proceedings and advocates the principle of unity of law enforcement. As a matter of fact, the question is to determine the organ best to protect the rights of the sentenced person. Then, will arise thequestion of the hypothesis of a common proceeding by taking into account the existing link between the enforcement of the sentence proceeding, through revocations of reductions of sentences

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na identificação de elementos valorativos e perceptivos que o Poder Judiciário tem em relação ao agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP), discriminando temas, ênfases e tendências. Para a sua consecução, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semidirigidas com juízes atuantes em Varas de Execução Criminal do Estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do estado da arte demonstrou a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática relativa aos agentes penitenciários vem sendo estudada. O levantamento bibliográfico revelou ser escassa a literatura sobre a percepção do Poder Judiciário acerca dos ASPs. Foram criadas, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, dez categorias de análise: preparo, papel e formas de atuação do ASP; relacionamento entre os ASPs e o Poder Judiciário; relacionamento entre ASP e preso; relacionamento entre ASP e a direção da unidade prisional em que trabalham; probidade dos ASPs; vulnerabilidade e segurança do ASP no exercício da sua profissão; valorização, por parte do Poder Judiciário, do depoimento do ASP; condições de trabalho do ASP; fatores emocionais relacionados ao trabalho do ASP; impacto do crime organizado na atuação do ASP. Da apresentação e análise dos dados resultaram 18 súmulas analítico-descritivas. No capítulo destinado às conclusões, foram apresentadas as principais contribuições desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram na identificação dos principais temas que premeiam a visão do Judiciário sobre os ASPs e dentro deles as tendências e as ênfases prevalecentes. Estes temas foram agrupados em cinco linhas perceptivas: função do ASP: ressocializadora vs. disciplinar ênfase sobre a valorização da ressocialização; poder do ASP tendência dos juízes em respaldar o ASP para aumentar seu poder e ênfase no rearranjo no equilíbrio de poder em face da atuação das facções criminosas; influência da facção criminosa no trabalho do ASP ênfase sobre o atentado à probidade do agente e ao aumento de vulnerabilidade dos ASPs; impactos psicossociais do trabalho do ASP ênfase no adoecimento decorrente da prática profissional e no processo de prisionalização; e contexto de atuação do ASP ênfase na insalubridade e nos aspectos relativos à carreira do ASP. A seguir, é apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, na análise da literatura estudada e em diálogo com as vivências profissionais da pesquisadora. Em seguida, foram sugeridos temas para novas pesquisas e, por fim, propostas de interação envolvendo os principais especialistas e atores no processo de execução penal. / The objective of this work is to identify the perceptions and value attributed to Penitentiary Correctional Officers (PCOs) by the Judiciary, pointing out themes, emphases, and trends. This work was accomplished through eight semi-directed interviews conducted with judges active in the Criminal Court on the Enforcement of Sentences of the State of Sao Paulo. The execution of this work has demonstrated the wide array of ways in which correctional officers are studied. The bibliographical search has revealed a scarcity of literature referring to the Judiciary\'s perception of the PCOs. Ten categories of analysis emerged from the interviews conducted: the preparation, role and work of the PCOs; the relationship between the PCOs and the Judiciary; the relationship between the PCO and the incarcerated; the relationship between the PCOs and the management of the prison unit in which they work; probity of the PCOs; vulnerability and security of the PCOs in the workplace; credit of the PCOs testament, as perceived by the Judiciary; work conditions of the PCOs; emotional factors related to the work of the PCOs; and the impact of organized crime in the work of the PCOs. The presentation and analysis of the data resulted in 18 descriptive-analytic summaries. The concluding chapter presents the main contributions of this research, consisting in the identification of the main themes that inform the vision of the Judiciary regarding PCOs and its prevailing emphases and trends. These themes were grouped into five lines of thought: the function of the PCO: resocializing vs. disciplinary - emphasis on the value of resocialization: the power of the PCO - the tendency of the judges in supporting PCOs to increase their power and the emphasis in the rearrangement of the balance of power vis-a-vis criminal factions; the influence of the criminal faction in the work of the PCO -- emphasis on the attempts to discredit PCOs and increasing vulnerability of the PCOs; psycho-social impact of the work of the PCO - emphasis on illness associated with the work and imprisonment; and context of the work of the PCO - emphasis on the unhealthfulness relative to the career of the PCO. Next follow critical reflections based on research results, the analysis of the literature review, and in dialogue with the professional experiences of the researcher. Following that is a presentation of themes for future research and, finally, a proposal for the evolving interaction of the primary specialists and actors in the process of penal execution.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na identificação de elementos valorativos e perceptivos que o Poder Judiciário tem em relação ao agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP), discriminando temas, ênfases e tendências. Para a sua consecução, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semidirigidas com juízes atuantes em Varas de Execução Criminal do Estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do estado da arte demonstrou a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática relativa aos agentes penitenciários vem sendo estudada. O levantamento bibliográfico revelou ser escassa a literatura sobre a percepção do Poder Judiciário acerca dos ASPs. Foram criadas, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, dez categorias de análise: preparo, papel e formas de atuação do ASP; relacionamento entre os ASPs e o Poder Judiciário; relacionamento entre ASP e preso; relacionamento entre ASP e a direção da unidade prisional em que trabalham; probidade dos ASPs; vulnerabilidade e segurança do ASP no exercício da sua profissão; valorização, por parte do Poder Judiciário, do depoimento do ASP; condições de trabalho do ASP; fatores emocionais relacionados ao trabalho do ASP; impacto do crime organizado na atuação do ASP. Da apresentação e análise dos dados resultaram 18 súmulas analítico-descritivas. No capítulo destinado às conclusões, foram apresentadas as principais contribuições desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram na identificação dos principais temas que premeiam a visão do Judiciário sobre os ASPs e dentro deles as tendências e as ênfases prevalecentes. Estes temas foram agrupados em cinco linhas perceptivas: função do ASP: ressocializadora vs. disciplinar ênfase sobre a valorização da ressocialização; poder do ASP tendência dos juízes em respaldar o ASP para aumentar seu poder e ênfase no rearranjo no equilíbrio de poder em face da atuação das facções criminosas; influência da facção criminosa no trabalho do ASP ênfase sobre o atentado à probidade do agente e ao aumento de vulnerabilidade dos ASPs; impactos psicossociais do trabalho do ASP ênfase no adoecimento decorrente da prática profissional e no processo de prisionalização; e contexto de atuação do ASP ênfase na insalubridade e nos aspectos relativos à carreira do ASP. A seguir, é apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, na análise da literatura estudada e em diálogo com as vivências profissionais da pesquisadora. Em seguida, foram sugeridos temas para novas pesquisas e, por fim, propostas de interação envolvendo os principais especialistas e atores no processo de execução penal. / The objective of this work is to identify the perceptions and value attributed to Penitentiary Correctional Officers (PCOs) by the Judiciary, pointing out themes, emphases, and trends. This work was accomplished through eight semi-directed interviews conducted with judges active in the Criminal Court on the Enforcement of Sentences of the State of Sao Paulo. The execution of this work has demonstrated the wide array of ways in which correctional officers are studied. The bibliographical search has revealed a scarcity of literature referring to the Judiciary\'s perception of the PCOs. Ten categories of analysis emerged from the interviews conducted: the preparation, role and work of the PCOs; the relationship between the PCOs and the Judiciary; the relationship between the PCO and the incarcerated; the relationship between the PCOs and the management of the prison unit in which they work; probity of the PCOs; vulnerability and security of the PCOs in the workplace; credit of the PCOs testament, as perceived by the Judiciary; work conditions of the PCOs; emotional factors related to the work of the PCOs; and the impact of organized crime in the work of the PCOs. The presentation and analysis of the data resulted in 18 descriptive-analytic summaries. The concluding chapter presents the main contributions of this research, consisting in the identification of the main themes that inform the vision of the Judiciary regarding PCOs and its prevailing emphases and trends. These themes were grouped into five lines of thought: the function of the PCO: resocializing vs. disciplinary - emphasis on the value of resocialization: the power of the PCO - the tendency of the judges in supporting PCOs to increase their power and the emphasis in the rearrangement of the balance of power vis-a-vis criminal factions; the influence of the criminal faction in the work of the PCO -- emphasis on the attempts to discredit PCOs and increasing vulnerability of the PCOs; psycho-social impact of the work of the PCO - emphasis on illness associated with the work and imprisonment; and context of the work of the PCO - emphasis on the unhealthfulness relative to the career of the PCO. Next follow critical reflections based on research results, the analysis of the literature review, and in dialogue with the professional experiences of the researcher. Following that is a presentation of themes for future research and, finally, a proposal for the evolving interaction of the primary specialists and actors in the process of penal execution.

Les prisons ouvertes constituent un modèle pénitentiaire singulier, qui puise son origine dans des expérimentations carcérales de la première moitié du XIXème siècle. Leurs caractéristiques et leurs atouts ont été définis en 1955 par la jeune Organisation des Nations-Unies en même temps que fut encouragé leur usage. Malgré ce soutien, les prisons ouvertes ne trouvèrent pas partout le même espace pénologique, ce que le cas français illustre largement par la faible proportion d’utilisation réservée à ces établissements. De plus, l’ultra-minorité des prisons ouvertes françaises s’accompagne de critères d’emploi qui font figures d’exceptions, en comparaison des autres pays européens utilisateurs de ce modèle.Toutefois, la réforme des modalités d’exécution des peines intervenue récemment dans l’hexagone pourrait entrainer une reconsidération de leurs fonctions. La présente recherche propose donc de situer ces établissements dans les nouvelles inflexions qui touchent la pénologie européenne et française, tout en envisageant la place que pourraient être amenées à y trouver les différentes déclinaisons du modèle ouvert de détention / Open prisons constitute a unique model prison, which has its origin in prison experiments of the first half of the nineteenth century. Their characteristics and strengths were identified in 1955 by the young United-nations, when was also encouraged their use. Despite this support, open prisons are not found everywhere the same penological space, as the French low rate of utilization illustrated well. In addition, the ultra-minority of French open prisons and their criteria of employment figure as an exception, in comparison with the other European countries witch use this model.However, the reform of the enforcement sentences system recently intervened in the hexagon could lead to a reconsideration of their use. So this research proposes to locate these facilities in new inflections that affect the European and French penology, while considering the role that could be led to find different versions of the open institution model

La pathologisation du criminel n’est pas un fait nouveau, pas plus que ne l’est la tendance latente à considérer le délinquant comme un malade. Pourtant, la sanction pénale semble avoir dépassé progressivement l’association symbolique en distillant progressivement au cœur de son fonctionnement le principe d’une réponse médicale à l’acte infractionnel. Ce faisant elle s’inscrit progressivement dans un mouvement plus vaste, celui décrit par les sociologues du milieu du XXème siècle : le processus de médicalisation. L’étude de la médicalisation de la sanction pénale démontre d’une mutation inédite prenant appui sur une catégorie à définir, celle des soins pénalement ordonnés. Elle tend alors à mesurer les différentes mutations opérées par une série de législations marquée par l’accélération et l’expansion d’un processus longtemps associé à des problématiques addictives. Le soin a t-il vocation à se substituer à la sanction, à devenir sanction ? Telles sont désormais les nouvelles problématiques qui innervent la matière. Dans ce qui se profile comme une redéfinition de l’architecture de la sanction pénale, pour les responsables comme les irresponsables pénaux le système pénal n’admet plus de culpabilité sans sanction, ni de sanction sans traitement. La tangibilité du processus de médicalisation de la sanction pénale naît alors du déplacement progressif et à dessein des fondements traditionnels de la sanction pénale tandis que, dans un mouvement inverse, ses finalités se resserrent, depuis leur réception théorique jusque dans leur mise en œuvre, autour d’un objectif thérapeutique / Pathologising the criminal is nothing new, no more than is the latent trend to consider the offender as a patient. Yet criminal sanction appears to have gradually exceeded this symbolic association, progressively distilling the principle of a medical response to the unlawful act into the core of its operation. In doing so it gradually falls within a broader movement, that described by sociologists from the middle of the twentieth century: the medicalisation process.The study of the medicalisation of criminal punishments demonstrates an unprecedented mutation based on taking a class yet to be defined, that of care as a criminal punishment. It tends to measure different mutations carried by a series of laws marked by the acceleration and expansion of a process long associated with addictive problems. Has care become a substitute for punishment, or even a punishment in itself ? These are now the new problems that are stirring things up. In what is emerging as a redefinition of the architecture of punishment, for those responsible just like those who are criminally irresponsible, the penal system no longer recognises guilt without punishment, nor punishment without treatment. The tangibility of the process of medicalisation of criminal punishment was born of the progressive and intentional movement away from the traditional foundations of criminal punishment while, in a reverse movement, tightening its purposes, hence their theoretical reception right through to its implementation, around a therapeutic target