O propósito do presente trabalho é apresentar uma leitura de seis poemas do poeta sertanejo Patativa do Assaré, partindo de um estudo de sua dicção social, tendo em vista a recorrência de elementos de denúncia e de contestação em seus versos. Sendo agricultor no interior do Ceará, o poeta observou e vivenciou a dramática realidade da região nordestina, reconhecendo-se, dessa forma, como porta-voz de seu povo. Com sua visão de um mundo solidário e justo, o poeta documenta o sofrimento e a precariedade das condições de vida dos sertanejos. O grau de consciência que se esconde por trás de sua posição, muitas vezes considerada como rústica ou atrasada, é notável em versos nos quais o poeta aponta a ausência do Estado como principal responsável pelo atraso no sertão, diferentemente da grande mídia que estigmatiza a região em virtude de fatores climáticos, notadamente, a seca. Patativa do Assaré ressalta a perversa relação entre privilégio e privação como condição fomentadora do desequilíbrio e da desigualdade. Logo, a sua poética é marcada por um claro eixo antagônico, no qual a temática social se configura segundo oposições de classes. Com base em tal premissa, propomos uma análise do relevante caráter social da poesia crítica de Patativa do Assaré, ainda pouco debatida nos meios acadêmicos. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present an interpretation of six poems from the Brazilian Countryside\'s poet Patativa do Assaré, starting from a study his social expression, bearing in mind the occuring complaint and contestation elements in his verses. Being a farmer from the countrysde of Ceará, the poet observed and lived the harsh reality of Northeast of Brazil, recognizing himself, this way, as a spokesperson of his own people. Having this view of a solidary and fair world, the poet documents the suffering and substandard life conditions of the people of Northeast. The degree of conscience that is hidden behind his position, many times considered as rustic or obsolete, is clear in verses in which the poet points out the lack of the government as the main responsible for the lack of progress in Ceará\'s countryside, differently from the mainstream media that stigmatises the region due to weather factors, clearly, the drought. Patativa do Assaré highlights the perverse relation between privilege and deprivation as a factor that triggers the imbalance and inequality. Thus, his poetic is determined by a clear antagonic pillar, in which the social issues are configured according to the social classes opposition. Based on this premise, it is proposed an analysis of the relevent social character of the critical poetry of Patativa do Assaré, still not very discussed in the Academy.

O presente estudo comparativo aproxima o discurso literário de O Tempo e o Vento, do escritor brasileiro Érico Veríssimo, e Levantado do Chão, do escritor português José Saramago. Observamos em O Tempo e o Vento que as relações humanas são focalizadas e desenvolvidas a partir do modo de vida e das preocupações das personagens proprietárias. Os conflitos existentes expressam o auge e a decadência moral de um estrato da sociedade brasileira e dão lugar a disputas políticas e ideológicas para a manutenção da ordem social vigente. Em Levantado do Chão o modo de vida e as preocupações das personagens são apresentadas ligadas diretamente aos interesses das personagens trabalhadoras do campo. O conflito social constitui o sistema opressor português e a resistência decorrente desafia a ordem. As ações políticas das personagens, no sentido de manter ou resistir à ordem social vigente, podem ser apreciadas a partir de uma longa época histórica integrante do tempo nas narrativas, que salienta a queda da monarquia, os grandes acontecimentos locais, a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Revolução Russa, a Guerra Civil Espanhola, a Segunda Guerra Mundial e aborda o início e o fim do Estado Novo em ambos os países. Assim, visualizamos os aspectos semelhantes entre as personagens em atividade política e ressaltamos aspectos diferenciadores como classe social, ideal socialista e intensidade de atuação, a fim de acompanharmos a trajetória do engajamento durante o século XX. / The following comparative study approaches the literary speech of the books \"O Tempo e o Vento\", of the Brazilian writer Érico Veríssimo, and \"Levantado do Chão\", of the Portuguese writer José Saramago. We observe in \"O Tempo e o Vento\" that the human relations are focused and developed from the way of life and concerns of the proprietors personages. The existing conflicts express the height and the moral decay of a segment of the Brazilian society and yields to political and ideological disputes for the maintenance of the established social order. In \"Levantado do Chão\" the personages way of life and their concerns are presented directly connected to the interests of the fieldworking personages. The social conflict brings to the present time the constitutive deadlock of the Portuguese oppressing system and the resistance that comes from it defies the establishment. The political actions of the personages, in order to keep or to resist to establishment, can be taken into account from a long historical time which integrates the time in the narratives that brings out the fall of the monarchy, the great local events like the World War I, the Russian Revolution, the Spanish Civil War, World War II and approaches the beginning and the end of the New State in both countries. Thus, we visualize the similar aspects between the personages into political activity and stand out aspects which differentiate them like social class, socialist ideals and intensity of performance. This classification is to follow the trajectory of the political engagement during century XX.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The study findings were thematically grouped into three themes including the coordination and partnerships, culture and implementation challenges. Poor coordination and failure of systems in place appeared to characterise the many challenges. Gender inequalities and masculine dominated cultural practices like polygamy and widow inheritance are associated with consequences of ill health among women; including high HIV/AIDS prevalence, early marriage, high teenage pregnancies and high maternal mortality. Although these practices are in favor of men, they hardly protect them from the wrath of poor RH like STDS, HIV/AIDS, stressful big families and vast poverty. Hence, Tanzanian men are also victims of their own behavior. / South Africa

This dissertation claims that the reciprocal exchange of voice—an element for constructing community and strengthening political recognition—may be fostered in small-scale farming communities by (1) the appropriation and transformation of information and communications technologies, (2) artistic intervention, and (3) cross-community research. This study contributes to participatory research methodologies, particularly those that seek to tackle the diverse challenges faced by small-scale farmers from a broad, complex perspective. The main issue identified in this dissertation is as follows: The hegemony of economic behaviors, which stands as a cornerstone of neoliberal capitalism, constitutes the latest stage of a historical process in which the voices of small-scale farmers seem to have been progressively and systematically silenced, their traditional practices largely invalidated, and their reciprocal forms of social, political, and economic organization marginalized. The purpose of this study was to explore whether an open-ended, sociotechnical methodology could be designed and applied in small-scale farming communities with the aim of strengthening their reciprocal practices while amplifying the voices of their members. The author's research addressed the question of how the role of information and communications technologies can contribute to the creation of enabling environments in which subsistence farmers may exercise their own values and make their voices heard. Another goal was to study whether the reciprocal exchange of voice could relate to the construction and dissemination of a knowledge commons and improve the resilience of small-scale farmers in the context of complex and pressing challenges such as anthropogenic climate change. Consequently, the ERV (Enabling Reciprocal Voice) Methodology was developed and applied in small-scale farming communities in order to respond to the questions of this study. The ERV Methodology sought to redefine the modes of usage of information and communications technologies in order to help communities establish a shared communicational praxis and strengthen their reciprocal relations. The ERV Methodology stands in contrast with the technological determinism found in the purely solutionist, short-term initiatives that are generally implemented in small-scale farming communities. Instead of offering rapid solutions to isolated problems, the ERV Methodology sought to consolidate the social networks of farmers through online and offline interaction. The case studies examined in this dissertation were carried out in two small-scale farming communities in Tanzania and Mexico. Following the ERV Methodology, mobile phones and the Internet were used by farmers in those communities as tools for the collaborative creation of a knowledge commons focused on local agriculture. It was found that the ERV Methodology, carried out as artistic intervention, may encourage technological appropriation, induce reciprocity, and amplify voice under certain sociotechnical conditions. These findings suggest that such a methodology might benefit farmers by becoming a significant aid to increase their resilience and their capacity to face complex challenges in the longer term. However, another conclusion was that the ERV Methodology should be applied carefully, with a strong awareness of the local context, and that greater efforts must be made in order to integrate other communities, such as local authorities and scientific researchers, into the reciprocal dynamics enabled by the methodology.

This study investigated the effects of a standing desk on academically engaged time during instruction. The study was conducted with two male students with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The first participant was in first grade and the second was in eighth grade. The target behaviors for these participants were on-task engagement with academic content during instructional periods in the classroom. The intervention took place in the students’ general education classrooms by introducing a standing desk into the classroom. A traditional ABAB reversal intervention design was used for the first grader, while the eighth grade participant had an alternating treatments design. The results of the study show the standing desk had a mild effect for the first grade student while it had a more positive effect on the eight grade student. Social Validity indicates that the intervention was well received by teachers but slightly less by students

<p>Socially engaged design programs, community development coalitions, and intentional and unintentional design spaces are rich with expertise and thinkers who are developing solutions to very pressing, yet complicated problems. Little research has been conducted on the expertise and sense-making of the community partners who participate in these situations. The goal of this research endeavor is to unpack the ways various community partners make meaning of their design experiences by answering the question: What evidence of system’s thinking can be seen in the way community partners describe their work or context? A qualitative research study was conducted in which three community partners were interviewed at various points during their engagement with socially engaged design programs. They demonstrated their systems thinking ability most strongly across the following domains: differentiate and qualify elements, explore multiple perspectives, consider issues appropriately, recognize systems, identify and characterize relationships. These findings imply that the community partners are not only capable of systems thinking but have the potential to be more deeply involved in <a>developing solutions</a> within these settings. Future studies should investigate systems thinking beyond socially engaged design in formal settings and should consider investigation protocols that more directly surface systems thinking domains. Overall, this study contributes to existing work in systems thinking by calling for a more expansive and inclusive engagement of community partners in socially engaged work.</p>

After the fall of communist regime in 1989, in Czech countries many art groups appeared (e.g. Luxsus, Bezhlavý jezdec, Kamera Skura, Pode Bal, Guma Guar, Ládví and others). The art group Rafani was founded in 2000 by former students of the Fine arts academy in Prague. From the beginning its activities were focused on artistic reflection of social problems and phenomena, especially of local character (Nazi holocaust and Sudetenland, the rise of ultraright parties, forming and perception of democracy etc.). Rafani are operating at the background of strong theoretical platform and clearly given methodical and fundamental bases. The group is often called as politically engaged and its actions are perceived as controversial. Today is one of the best known and most respected subjects on Czech artistic scene. This thesis describes monografically the ten years' history of the group Rafani. The introductory chapters are focused on the issues of terms political and engaged art, its breef history and progress in world as in Czech art. Based on the theoretical background of the art group Rafani, the thesis illustrates the principles and methods of its work, such as the ideological basements of its actions. It assesses the progress of the themes and artistic media from he art historian way and attemps to...

Architektur umgibt uns permanent. Sie ist so alltäglich wie Sprache, ebenso allgegenwärtig, meistens beiläufig. Diese Arbeit untersucht auf sozialtheoretischer Ebene am Beispiel der Architektur, inwiefern die sozialwissenschaftliche Kategorie der „Definition der Situation“ erweitert werden kann, um Kategorien wie Leiblichkeit oder Räumlichkeit adäquat für den Entwurf sozialer Handlungen zu berücksichtigen.:1 Einführung…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 1.1 Sensibilisierung – Architektur und Situation…………………………………... 1 1.2 Konturierung – Architektur und die „Definition der Situation“………... 4 1.2.1 Denkansatz und Erkenntnisinteresse 1.2.2 Die Abwesenheit des Materiellen in der Soziologie. Konsequenzen für die Architektursoziologie 1.2.3 Vorgehensweise 2 Mikrosoziologische Perspektiven in der Architektursoziologie. Zum Forschungsstand………………………………………………………………………………….... 13 3 Begiffsdimensionen…………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 3.1 Architektur………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 3.2 Situation………………………………………………………………………………….......... 23 4 Architektur in der Handlungssituation (I) – Perspektive der handlungstheoretischen Situationsmodelle……………………….. 26 4.1 Die „Definition der Situation“ als sozialtheoretische Kategorie........................................................26 4.2 Reduktionistische Modelle der Situationsdefinition………………………. 29 4.2.1 Parsons‘ unit act 4.2.2 Essers Situationsmodell 4.3 Die Situationsdefinition im Symbolischen Interaktionismus nach Herbert Blumer………. ..32 a) Aufbau b) Schlussfolgerungen 4.4 Die Situationsdefinition bei Erving Goffman – Rahmen und Rahmenbedingungen………………………………………………….. 36 a) Aufbau b) Schlussfolgerungen 4.5 Die Situationsdefinition bei Alfred Schütz – Sozialphänomenologie und Wissenssoziologie…………………………..... 41 a) Aufbau b) Schlussfolgerungen 5 Zwischendurch: Status quo……………………………………………………………………………. 47 6 Architektur in der Handlungssituation (II) – Phänomenologische Dimensionen…...............................................................50 6.1 Die Leiblichkeit des Handelns – Der Link zur Gegenständlichkeit unserer Umwelt………………........ 50 6.1.1 Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung 6.1.2 Der Gegenstandsbezug unseres Körpers 6.2 Die Aktivität der Objekte – Architektur im Kontext der französischen Artefaktsoziologie………………………………………………. 57 6.2.1 Bruno Latour – Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) 6.2.2 Terminologisches: Quasiobjekt, Assoziation, Gefüge 6.3 Die Affektivität der Dinge – Architektur im Kontext der Philosophischen Anthropologie……......................................... 63 6.3.1 Zum Begriff der Affektivität 6.3.2 Arnold Gehlens Theorie der Institutionen 6.3.3 Helmuth Plessners spezielle Medientheorie 6.4 Die Atmosphäre von Architektur – Architektur im Kontext von Architekturtheorie (Gernot Böhme)…………………………………………. 70 6.5 Zusammenführung der Perspektiven – Fazit…………………………………… 74 7 Ergebnis: Architektur in der Handlungssituation ……………………………. 77 7.1 Voraussetzungen des Handelns………………………………………………………. 77 7.2 Architektur als Teil der „Definition der Situation“ – das angepasste Modell……………………………………………………………………. 82 7.3 Arbeitsperspektiven………………………………….…………………………………….. 84 7.4 Performative Architektur: Der Neubau der Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig 8 Schluss…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 90 9 Literatur und Abbildungsnachweise……………………………………………………………. 92

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第12952号 / 論人博第43号 / 新制||人||178(附属図書館) / 27||論人博||43(吉田南総合図書館) / 32251 / (主査)教授 杉万 俊夫, 教授 ﾍﾞｯｶｰ ｶｰﾙ, 教授 吉田 純, 准教授 永田 素彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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