<p>The two modal auxiliaries can and could are investigated in this essay. Focus is on the correspondence between descriptions in grammar books and real-life data. </p><p>First four English learner grammar books aimed for Swedish high-schools were analyzed. The uses and translations of can and could found in the grammar books were then compared to real-life examples from an English-Swedish parallel corpus. </p><p>It was found that three of the grammar books categorize the uses of can and could according to ability, possibility and permission in quite general terms and these uses correlated to the majority of the corpus examples. The forth book did not mention the possibility use and stated very specific uses of the modal auxiliaries. This grammar book did not correspond to the corpus data to the same extent as the other three grammars.</p><p>It could be concluded that the assumptions made about use correlated to a greater extent with the corpus than the assumptions made about translations.</p>

The two modal auxiliaries can and could are investigated in this essay. Focus is on the correspondence between descriptions in grammar books and real-life data. First four English learner grammar books aimed for Swedish high-schools were analyzed. The uses and translations of can and could found in the grammar books were then compared to real-life examples from an English-Swedish parallel corpus. It was found that three of the grammar books categorize the uses of can and could according to ability, possibility and permission in quite general terms and these uses correlated to the majority of the corpus examples. The forth book did not mention the possibility use and stated very specific uses of the modal auxiliaries. This grammar book did not correspond to the corpus data to the same extent as the other three grammars. It could be concluded that the assumptions made about use correlated to a greater extent with the corpus than the assumptions made about translations.

The aim of this essay is to examine why Swedish-English code-switching occurs, focusing on one person. The idiolect examined is Simon Davies, hosting the TV-show Design: Simon &amp; Tomas where Simon Davies and his colleague Tomas Cederlund travel around Sweden helping Swedes with interior design. Season three of the show was transcribed into written data and theories were later used when analyzing the data transcribed from the TV-show. The data was analyzed from a qualitative and a quantitative aspect as well as mixed and unmixed utterances. This was done in order to see if there is a pattern in the way Davies switches as well as further understand what kind of items are switched. As this is done, the essay analyses the possible reasons for why Davies switches using the theories displayed earlier. The results show that Davies’ idiolect does not fully follow any specific pattern, however most of the words switched are nouns and the least common word class is prepositions. However, theories applied show that Davies’ switching could be a way for him to create an identity and connect with Swedes. The use of Swedish could help him seem friendlier and less like a stranger.

<p>The aim of this essay is to examine why Swedish-English code-switching occurs, focusing on one person. The <em>idiolect</em> examined is Simon Davies, hosting the TV-show <em>Design: Simon & Tomas</em> where Simon Davies and his colleague Tomas Cederlund travel around Sweden helping Swedes with interior design. Season three of the show was transcribed into written data and theories were later used when analyzing the data transcribed from the TV-show. The data was analyzed from a <em>qualitative</em> and a <em>quantitative</em> aspect as well as <em>mixed</em> and <em>unmixed</em> utterances. This was done in order to see if there is a pattern in the way Davies switches as well as further understand what kind of items are switched. As this is done, the essay analyses the possible reasons for why Davies switches using the theories displayed earlier. The results show that Davies’ idiolect does not fully follow any specific pattern, however most of the words switched are nouns and the least common word class is prepositions. However, theories applied show that Davies’ switching could be a way for him to create an identity and connect with Swedes. The use of Swedish could help him seem friendlier and less like a stranger.</p>

This study focuses on the translation of metaphors with a special focus on embodied metaphors. It is based on Newmark’s (1981:84−91) translation strategies and uses chapter 15, “Currents and Tides”, from Tristan Gooley’s nature book How to Read Water, Clues &amp; Patterns from Puddles to the Sea (2016) as corpus for metaphor translation analysis. Through a prescriptive and descriptive approach to translation analysis, this study aims to investigate how metaphors are translated from the source language English to the target language Swedish.              The findings of the study indicate that the most common translation strategy is to reproduce the metaphor in the target text, followed by either a) finding an acceptable equivalent, or b) conversion from a metaphor to sense in the target language. This suggests that the level of embodied reading is lower in the target text than in the source text. However, because of the limited range of this study, no firm conclusions can be made.

The Internet – when defined as a massive, uncontrolled database of information – is not a reliable source of information. Despite this, it has developed into the default terminology tool for most translators today. This study explores what criteria are used by translators to define website credibility and whether translation experience affects the criteria used. Three groups of differently experienced translators were asked to translate two technical texts from English to Swedish and document the websites they visited. The documentation was used as the basis for follow-up interviews, where the translators were asked to argue for their choices. The results show a significant similarity in application of criteria between student and experienced translators, indicating that other factors than experience are at play. Moreover, source text complexity does not affect the criteria used but rather to what extent research is performed. These results can be used to encourage further research into the information search behavior of translators.

<p>För att se hur olika skopoi påverkar en översättning översattes en källtext parallellt med vardera sitt specifika skopos. En facktext om vikingarna i Irland på 800-talet översattes dels för publicering i en fackbok, dels för publicering i en populärvetenskaplig tidskrift. För att analysera översättningsprocessen under de två översättningarna registrerades det som Christiane Nord (2005) kallar loopar, återkopplingar under översättningsprocessen när ny kunskap kräver en omformulering av strategin. I en egen metodutveckling av Nords modell registrerades och kategoriserades looparna. Den kvantitativa studien visar att klart flest loopar inträffar i inlednings- och avslutningsskedet av översättningen, oavsett skopos. Antalet loopar för ett skopos som går ut på att producera en nära översättning av denna vetenskapliga text, med dess specifika genremarkörer, är högre än antalet loopar vid produktionen av en kraftigt omarbetad populärvetenskaplig översättning. Den kvalitativa studien visar att kulturspecifika kategorier orsakar flest loopar och ofta kräver individuella strategier.</p> / <p>The <em>Skopos </em>theory, as formulated by Vermeer (1984), stresses that all translations have a purpose to fulfil. However, how this purpose is fulfilled depends on the strategy used by the translator. In order to see the effect of two different purposes for one and the same text, a study, conducted as two parallel annotated translations, was carried out on a scientific text about Vikings in Ireland. Nord‟s (2005) term and understanding of „translation loop‟ was used in order to pinpoint when and how often the different skopoi made it necessary to stop, make a loop, and adjust the translation strategy. The quantitative study shows a pattern where most loops occur at the start and at the end of the translation. The qualitative study of the translation loops shows that cultural aspects originate most loops, and they often demand individual strategies.</p>

För att se hur olika skopoi påverkar en översättning översattes en källtext parallellt med vardera sitt specifika skopos. En facktext om vikingarna i Irland på 800-talet översattes dels för publicering i en fackbok, dels för publicering i en populärvetenskaplig tidskrift. För att analysera översättningsprocessen under de två översättningarna registrerades det som Christiane Nord (2005) kallar loopar, återkopplingar under översättningsprocessen när ny kunskap kräver en omformulering av strategin. I en egen metodutveckling av Nords modell registrerades och kategoriserades looparna. Den kvantitativa studien visar att klart flest loopar inträffar i inlednings- och avslutningsskedet av översättningen, oavsett skopos. Antalet loopar för ett skopos som går ut på att producera en nära översättning av denna vetenskapliga text, med dess specifika genremarkörer, är högre än antalet loopar vid produktionen av en kraftigt omarbetad populärvetenskaplig översättning. Den kvalitativa studien visar att kulturspecifika kategorier orsakar flest loopar och ofta kräver individuella strategier. / The Skopos theory, as formulated by Vermeer (1984), stresses that all translations have a purpose to fulfil. However, how this purpose is fulfilled depends on the strategy used by the translator. In order to see the effect of two different purposes for one and the same text, a study, conducted as two parallel annotated translations, was carried out on a scientific text about Vikings in Ireland. Nord‟s (2005) term and understanding of „translation loop‟ was used in order to pinpoint when and how often the different skopoi made it necessary to stop, make a loop, and adjust the translation strategy. The quantitative study shows a pattern where most loops occur at the start and at the end of the translation. The qualitative study of the translation loops shows that cultural aspects originate most loops, and they often demand individual strategies.

I denna magisteruppsats undersöks Julia Donaldsons engelska bilderböcker i svensk översättning av barnboksförfattaren Lennart Hellsing. Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att avgöra om de svenska måltexterna även bär drag av Hellsings egen författarstil. För att kunna undersöka detta har Kårelands tidigare forskning (2002) om Hellsings litterära produktion använts för att ta fram stilvariabler. Dessa stilvariabler har sedan applicerats på måltexterna i denna fallstudie. Det teoretiska ramverket orienterar sig inom deskriptiv översättningsvetenskap och Tourys (1995) modell för rekonstruktion av översättningsnormer används. Detta möjliggör placerandet av källtexter (KT) och måltexter (MT) i en sociokulturell kontext. I den deskriptiva analysen jämförs KT med MT och översättning som begrepp förstås som något som omgärdas av översättningsnormer vid en viss tidpunkt och inom en viss kultur. Resultaten visar att Hellsings stil som författare återfanns i de översatta texterna och resultaten pekar även mot att översättningen av dessa texter kan ses som en acceptansinriktad praktik. / This master’s thesis looks at the translation of Julia Donaldson’s English picture books into Swedish by the Swedish children’s author Lennart Hellsing. The main aim of the study is to determine whether the translation of the original (source) texts involves the transference of Hellsing’s writing style into the translated (target) texts. Earlier research, carried out by Kåreland (2002), is employed in order to pinpoint Hellsing’s distinctive style as a writer. The style variables apparent in Hellsing’s own writing were thereby identified and these are applied to the analysed target texts in this case study. The theoretical framework is based on descriptive translation studies (DTS) and the use of Toury’s model (1995) for reconstructing translational norms allows the source texts (ST) and target texts (TT) to be put into a sociocultural context. By working within this framework a descriptive analysis is used to describe and compare the ST and TT and the concept of translation as a practice governed by certain translational norms at a certain moment in time and within a certain culture is applied. The findings show that Hellsing’s style as a writer can also be detected in his translations of Donaldson’s picture books. The results of this case study also indicate that the translation of these texts can be considered to be a target culture oriented practice.

This thesis is comprised of an annotated translation of an English IT-text into Swedish. The source text is the installation manual for the software SDL Trados Studio 2014 and the thesis also contains a text analysis of the source text. The goal of the translation has been to use norms in the target culture and thus move the translation toward acceptability. The thesis therefore discusses norms based on Toury's (1995) framework. The thesis also contains an empirical study of the translation of three different IT-texts. The study shows that, when it comes to the specific norms investigated in the study, Swedish translations of IT-texts are guided by norms in both the source culture and the target culture. / Uppsatsen innehåller en teoretiserande översättningskommentar till en översättning av en IT-text. Källtexten är installationsmanualen till programvaran SDL Trados Studio 2014 och uppsatsen innehåller även en textanalys av denna. Målet har varit att genomföra en acceptansinriktad översättning och översättningsarbetet utgår från de normbegrepp som diskuteras av Toury (1995). Dessutom innehåller uppsatsen en empirisk studie av normbruk i översättningar av tre IT-texter som liknar den egna översättningens källtext. I studien framgår att svenska översättningar av IT-texter följer både källkulturens och målkulturens normer när det gäller de specifika normer som undersökts.