This research investigated the potential of smouldering combustion to be employed as a remediation approach for soil contaminated by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Small-scale (~15 cm), proof-of-concept experiments were the first to demonstrate that organic liquids embedded within an inert soil matrix can be successfully smouldered. Intermediate-scale (~30 cm) column experiments examined in detail the behaviour of the combustion process including its relationship to mass and energy balance and the evolution of temperature profiles. In addition, detailed evaluations of environmental parameters (e.g., soil concentrations, gas emissions) were conducted. For the first time, it was demonstrated that NAPL smouldering combustion can be self-sustaining (i.e., propagation of the smouldering front after termination of the igniter) and self-terminating (i.e., natural extinction of the reaction after all of the NAPL is destroyed). More than 30 column sensitivity experiments quantified the broad range of process parameters - including contaminant type, contaminant mass, soil type, and oxidizer flow rates - within which the process was self-sustaining and essentially complete remediation was achieved (i.e. contaminant mass removal in excess of 99.5%). Maximum burning temperatures were observed in the range 600-1100 C. Average propagation velocities varied between 0.7e-4 and 1.2e-4 m/s. Intensity and velocity of the process were shown to be controlled by the rate at which oxidizer is delivered. Contaminant type and mass was observed to affect peak temperatures and propagation velocity by influencing the energy balance at the reaction front. Moreover, mass and energy balance models were demonstrated to provide reasonable predictions of the observed propagation velocities. Overall, this research introduced an entirely new approach to the remediation of NAPL-contaminated soils and, further, advanced the understanding of the mechanisms that control the underlying process of smouldering combustion of liquids.

Swedens membership in the European Union have resulted in an international characterized labour market. The construction sector is the area who employs most posted workers among the 7400 employees who monthly enters the market. It’s also the sector where a big part of the work-related deaths occurs. The purpose of this study is therefore to contribute to a greater understanding of the regulation regarding posted workers, their work environment and the consequences of it. I have been using the right dogmatic method and a social science perspective as complement in order to answer the purpose of the study. The application of the posted workers directive has been criticized for opening opportunities for false self-employment and limiting the trade unions rights. Combined with the Laval-case the trade unions have restricted possibilities to enforce the collective agreements and protect the posted workers rights. Subcontracting processes complicates the investigation regarding which employer who has the overall responsibility for safety regulations and work environment. Foreign workers tend to be a big part in these subcontractor chains with major linguistic difficulties and lack of legislation knowledge which increases the risk of accidents. Arbetsmiljöverket is the authority who has the general responsibility for monitoring that the health and safety legislation are respected by all employers. Their investigations are partially based on the statistics of work-related accidents. But when it comes to foreign workers only more serious accidents are reported to the authority. Which means that minor incidents regarding foreign workers never reaches the statistics.          In summary, conclusion is drawn that the inspection of posted workers working environment are unsatisfied. The hands of the trade unions are tied by the legislation while the inspections by the monitoring authority are based on inadequate statistics. All that combine with the fact that posted workers tend to be unwilling or lack the knowledge to take action for their rights, leads to openings for employers to take advantage of foreign workers.

Swedens membership in the European Union have resulted in an international characterized labour market. The construction sector is the area who employs most posted workers among the 7400 employees who monthly enters the market. It’s also the sector where a big part of the work-related deaths occurs. The purpose of this study is therefore to contribute to a greater understanding of the regulation regarding posted workers, their work environment and the consequences of it. I have been using the right dogmatic method and a social science perspective as complement in order to answer the purpose of the study. The application of the posted workers directive has been criticized for opening opportunities for false self-employment and limiting the trade unions rights. Combined with the Laval-case the trade unions have restricted possibilities to enforce the collective agreements and protect the posted workers rights. Subcontracting processes complicates the investigation regarding which employer who has the overall responsibility for safety regulations and work environment. Foreign workers tend to be a big part in these subcontractor chains with major linguistic difficulties and lack of legislation knowledge which increases the risk of accidents. Arbetsmiljöverket is the authority who has the general responsibility for monitoring that the health and safety legislation are respected by all employers. Their investigations are partially based on the statistics of work-related accidents. But when it comes to foreign workers only more serious accidents are reported to the authority. Which means that minor incidents regarding foreign workers never reaches the statistics. In summary, conclusion is drawn that the inspection of posted workers working environment are unsatisfied. The hands of the trade unions are tied by the legislation while the inspections by the monitoring authority are based on inadequate statistics. All that combine with the fact that posted workers tend to be unwilling or lack the knowledge to take action for their rights, leads to openings for employers to take advantage of foreign workers.

No description available.

No description available.

This study aims to determine whether pupils, students and teachers at various music schools feel that there is a difference in status between different music styles/genres, and if this has an impact on the individual level. The survey was conducted with a digital survey that was e-mailed to junior/high schools with music profile in the Stockholm area and to all the teachers and students at the Royal College of music in Stockholm (KMH). Due to low participation by students and teachers from the junior/high schools the students and teachers of KMH became the main object of the study. The results shows that a majority of the main group of this study feels that there is a difference in status between different music styles/genres. The study also shows that half of the participants believe that the difference in status affects them on an individual level. The discussion that follows the results focuses on the difference in status as a result of the education structure and therefore the normative structure of the school.

in English The present Master's thesis deals with the hunting legislation in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters, some of which are further subdivided into subchapters. The first chapter contemplates the history of hunting. The second chapter provides a detailed overview of the sources of the hunting legislation. The analysis covers the sources of the Czech legislation, the European legislation and international treaties. The third chapter is the key chapter of the thesis. It encompasses a detailed analysis of the applicable Czech hunting law. The fourth and last chapter contains the hunting legislation of the Slovak Republic. A part of this chapter is a comparative analysis of the Czech and Slovak hunting legislation. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse in detail the current hunting legislation, to emphasise the major deficiencies and to propose appropriate solutions.

Mental ill-health is a common cause of today's sick leave and the World Health Organization predicts that mental illness will be the leading cause of sick leave in the world by 2030. In this essay I examined how the municipality X invested in a project on health promotion and mental ill-health for all leaders and politicians with the aim of reducing sick leave and staff turnover throughout the municipality. The question is whether the project was the right effort and what conditions and eventual obstacles exists for health promotion work in practice. To find out, six managers were interviewed within two units and a project manager based on a semi-structuredinterview. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed. The examination shows that the project was not the right effort in the units that my investigation concerns. The unit managers have bad prerequisites for working health promotion since there in not enough human resources and time. Health promotion work is prioritized and does not permeate the entire administration. The interviews show that there is a lack of trust and openness, lack of a ''we'' feeling in groups and focus on individual interests in managements. The examination shows that other efforts are needed to solve the problem and that effort should be at a more general level in the municipality. / Psykisk ohälsa är en vanlig orsak till dagens sjukskrivningar och World Health Organization förutser att psykisk ohälsa redan år 2030 kommer att vara den främsta orsaken till sjukskrivningar i världen. I den här uppsatsen undersöktes hur kommunen X satsat på ett projekt om hälsofrämjande arbete och psykisk ohälsa för alla ledare och politiker med syftet att minska sjukfrånvaro och personalomsättning i hela kommunen. Frågan är om projektet var rätt insats och vilka förutsättningar och eventuella hinder föreligger för hälsofrämjande arbete i praktiken. För att ta reda på detta intervjuades sex chefer inom två enheter och en projektledare utifrån en semistrukturerad intervju. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades. Av undersökningen framgår att projektet inte var rätt insats i enheter som min undersökning berör. Enhetscheferna har dåliga förutsättningar att jobba hälsofrämjande då det inte finns tillräckligt med personalresurser och tid. Hälsofrämjande arbete prioriteras och genomsyrar inte hela förvaltningen. Det framgår av intervjuer att det är brist på tillit och öppenhet, saknad av “vi” känsla i grupper och fokus på individuella intressen i förvaltningen. Undersökningen visar att det behövs andra insatser för att lösa problemet och den insatsen ska ligga på mer övergripande nivå i kommunen.

<p>The project has been done in cooperation with Schenker Åkeri AB in Sweden, Halmstad. The</p><p>project is based on an inspection made by Arbetsmiljöverket, where they found minor</p><p>shortcomings with distribution of goods for the employees. The project is an investigation of</p><p>the drivers’ working environment.</p><p>Schenker Logistics is one of the world's leading providers of integrated logistics services.</p><p>Schenker Åkeri AB is a subsidiary to Schenker Logistics and transports 2.4 million tons of</p><p>goods yearly.</p><p>The project started with a background study to evaluate drivers working environment. We</p><p>have studied goods receptions, the working environment, strain injury and injury mechanisms.</p><p>Methods used was observations, tests, questionnaire surveys and ergonomic and</p><p>biomechanical calculations.</p><p>One result of the study is a working model, which gives recommendations for the maximum</p><p>weight a driver should push and pull. A truck evaluation was done to exam the need for new</p><p>technical equipment. An ergonomic investigation was done to investigate the drivers’ working</p><p>tasks. A questionnaire was given to the drivers to evaluate their working environment and</p><p>tasks. The questionnaire involved questions about stress, handling of goods and technical</p><p>equipment.</p><p>Together with Schenker Åkeri AB in Halmstad, an action plan was made. This action plan</p><p>will be handed over to Arbetsmiljöverket by Schenker.</p>

<p>Abstract:</p><p>Job satisfaction has great significance for nurses. The job is very demanding and requires a great deal of responsibility. Low job satisfaction and organisation changes affect their work negatively. The aim of the study was to investigate the nurses’ job satisfaction and job situation. Legitimate nurses at a medicine department of a hospital situated in the middle of Sweden were interviewed for this purpose. The study is descriptive and the qualitative approach has been used. The data was analysed with content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. The study investigates the factors affecting nurses’ experiences as far as job satisfaction and job situation are concerned. The nurses’ opinions on what should be done to improve their work environment are also discussed in the study. The result shows that the nurses’ job satisfaction and job situation is affected by the collaboration between the colleagues and the management, as well as job related stress and work environment.</p>