Abstract: Job satisfaction has great significance for nurses. The job is very demanding and requires a great deal of responsibility. Low job satisfaction and organisation changes affect their work negatively. The aim of the study was to investigate the nurses’ job satisfaction and job situation. Legitimate nurses at a medicine department of a hospital situated in the middle of Sweden were interviewed for this purpose. The study is descriptive and the qualitative approach has been used. The data was analysed with content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. The study investigates the factors affecting nurses’ experiences as far as job satisfaction and job situation are concerned. The nurses’ opinions on what should be done to improve their work environment are also discussed in the study. The result shows that the nurses’ job satisfaction and job situation is affected by the collaboration between the colleagues and the management, as well as job related stress and work environment.

The project has been done in cooperation with Schenker Åkeri AB in Sweden, Halmstad. The project is based on an inspection made by Arbetsmiljöverket, where they found minor shortcomings with distribution of goods for the employees. The project is an investigation of the drivers’ working environment. Schenker Logistics is one of the world's leading providers of integrated logistics services. Schenker Åkeri AB is a subsidiary to Schenker Logistics and transports 2.4 million tons of goods yearly. The project started with a background study to evaluate drivers working environment. We have studied goods receptions, the working environment, strain injury and injury mechanisms. Methods used was observations, tests, questionnaire surveys and ergonomic and biomechanical calculations. One result of the study is a working model, which gives recommendations for the maximum weight a driver should push and pull. A truck evaluation was done to exam the need for new technical equipment. An ergonomic investigation was done to investigate the drivers’ working tasks. A questionnaire was given to the drivers to evaluate their working environment and tasks. The questionnaire involved questions about stress, handling of goods and technical equipment. Together with Schenker Åkeri AB in Halmstad, an action plan was made. This action plan will be handed over to Arbetsmiljöverket by Schenker.

Karlstads Energi AB:s vågstation vid Hedenverket i Karlstad är en anläggning där invägning och analys av träbränsle utförs. Provtagning och hantering av träbränsle hör till de dagliga arbetsuppgifterna för personalen. Vid nära hantering av trämaterial finns risken att exponeras för trämögelsporer. Exponering av mikrobiologiska luftföroreningar kan orsaka hälsobesvär på lungor och luftvägar hos människor. Efter utförd riskbedömning av vågstationen noterades en oro att trämögelsporer och dammpartiklar sprids bortom lokalen för provtagning av träbränsle till andra utrymmen. Bedömningen talar för att ventilationen kanske är bristfällig och inte är anpassad för den aktuella verksamheten. Potentiell spridning av trämögelsporer via hantering, undermålig städning samt via kläder och annan utrustning tillhörde även problematiken. Syftet med detta arbete var att vid provtagningen av träbränsle förtydliga spridning och exponering av luftburna trämögelsporer i arbetsmiljön. Detta med avsikt att identifiera områden och arbetsrutiner där förebyggande åtgärder mot spridning av trämögelsporer kunde införas. Målet var att definiera luftrörelser i lokalen till följd av arbetsrutiner och ventilation. Resultatet från undersökningen fungerade som ett underlag för utvärdering av åtgärder mot spridning och exponering av trämögelsporer. Genom mätningar och observationer kunde luftrörelser och föroreningskällor identifieras. Mätningar avsåg luftens temperatur och hastighet i lokalen. Ventilationen undersöktes genom observation av luftrörelser och inventering av ventilationsutrustning. Arbets- och skyddsrutiner observerades utan social interaktion från observatören. Resultat från mätningar och observationer analyserades och jämfördes med riktvärden presenterade i litteratur, forskningsarbeten samt Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. Ventilationen i lokalen för provtagning av träbränsle konstateras vara bristfällig för pågående verksamhet. Spridning och exponering av hälsofarliga trämögelsporer utgörs av bristen på tillräcklig processventilation, långa horisontella luftflöden, stillastående luft och cirkulerande av förorenad luft. Observation av arbets- och skyddsrutiner visar på bristande inneslutning av föroreningskällor. Det är även dålig användning av personlig skyddsutrustning samt genomförande av städning. Utifrån resultaten kunde flera förebyggande åtgärder föreslås. Införande av processventilation och reformering av ventilationssystem skulle leda till mindre spridning av trämögelsporer och bättre luftutbyte av lokalen. En granskning av arbets- och skyddsrutiner liksom införande av nya rutiner med en medvetenhet om trämögelsporers förmåga att spridas via luften föreslogs som åtgärd mot exponering. / Karlstads Energi AB's weighing station at Hedenverket in Karlstad is a facility where weighing and analysis of wood fuel are carried out. Sampling and handling of wood fuel is one of the daily duties for the staff at the weigh station. At the close management of wooden material there is a risk of exposure to airborne mold spores. Exposure to microbiological air pollution may cause health problems in the lungs and airways of humans. After performing the risk assessment at the weighing station there was concerns that mold spores and dust particles spread beyond the premises for the sampling of wood fuel to other areas. The assessment indicates that the ventilation may be inadequate and is not adapted to the current work environment. Potential spread of mold spores through handling, poor housekeeping and by clothing and other equipment also belonged to the uncertainties. The aim with this study was by the sampling of wood fuel to clarify the dispersion and exposure to airborne mold spores in the work environment. This is with the intention to identify areas and work routines where preventive measures against the spread of mold spores could be introduced. The goal was to define the air movement within the premises of wood fuel sampling as a result of working practices and ventilation. The results of the study served as a basis for the evaluation of measures against the spread and exposure of mold spores. By measurements and observations the air movements and sources of contamination within the premises could be identified. Measurements relate to the air temperature and air velocity within the premises. The ventilation was investigated by observation of air movement and taking inventory of the ventilation equipment. Work and protective practices were observed without any social interaction by the observer. Results of measurements and observations were analyzed and compared to guidelines presented in literature, research works and the Swedish Work Environment Authority's constitution. The ventilation of the premises for the sampling of wood fuel was found to be flawed for the current work environment. The dispersion and exposure to hazardous mold spores is the lack of sufficient exhaust ventilation, long horizontal air flow, stagnant air and circulating of contaminated air. Observations of work and protective procedures show an insufficient containment of pollution sources. It is also poor use of protective equipment and carrying through with cleaning. Based on the results could several preventative measures be proposed. Introduction of additional exhaust ventilation and reforming of the ventilation system would result in less spread of mold spores and a better air exchange of the premises. A review of work and protective procedures as well as introducing of new procedures with an awareness of mold spores ability to spread via air was suggested as a measure against exposure.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how teachers work and reflects on gender education in preschools. We also want to take part of how teacher’s thoughts are reflected in the physical indoor environment and how the environment is designed by reviewing the rooms furnishing and the selected materials. We will do this by visiting a number of preschools located in Stockholm and New York. We have chosen three questions to get the answers on our purpose. How teachers reflect around gender pedagogy are, and how the thoughts are expressed in the practical work. How the teachers communicate with their co-workers about gender pedagogy. How the teachers own thoughts and reflections on gender pedagogy have been expressed in the physical indoor environment where the children stay during the day.  We have used interviews and observations as a method to gather the information that we needed to answer our questions of the thesis. We have used the sociocultural perspective, variation theory and queer theory as a ground to analyze our gathered information. As a conclusion we have found that the teachers have different ways of reflecting about gender pedagogy but they still don´t want to focus their work on it. They would rather focus their pedagogy on working with equality, which for them means more than just gender. We have reached that to find a way you work sustainable with gender pedagogy you have to have an open minded attitude towards the children, have critical standards, and an environment where children can grow and learn without focusing on gender.

Designer drugs are compounds which have been synthetically derived from illicit drugs. After consumption, drugs and their metabolites are introduced into the sewage water which is treated and disposed into the environment. A combined target, suspect and non-target workflow was created to detect designer drugs in environmental water samples. Multiple water samples were spiked with an unknown mixture of drugs and metabolites to assess the efficiency of the method. Samples were collected from sewage influent and effluent pipes, downstream from a sewage outfall and reclaimed water. Analysis was conducted with high resolution MS using the QExactive Orbitrap. Screening was performed using a database compiled in-house using TraceFinder EFS. Structure confirmation was achieved using MassFrontier. Target drugs and their metabolites were detected in sewage influent but not in sewage effluent, downstream of the effluent pipe, or in reclaimed water. The workflow was adequate to detect designer drugs in multiple water matrices at concentrations as low as 20ppt.

This master‘s thesis deals with ecotoxicity assessment of plasma-activated solutions. Various plasma-activated solutions were prepared in the experiments. In the vast majority of tests, it was plasma-activated tap water – PAW. Depending on the test organism, dilution water was further processed, namely dilution water for Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna. In this master‘s thesis the ecotoxicological effects were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic plant Lemna minor, on a crustaceans T. platyurus and D. magna and on agricultural crops Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa L. . Crustaceans are fresh-water organisms on which the water contamination can be quickly and quite easily assessed. These plasma-activated solutions were also tested for acute ecotoxicity of soil organisms by ecotoxicological contact tests with Eisenia fetida, springtails Folsomia candida and seeds of L. sativa. Tests on T. platyurus and D. magna were performed in time intervals and a change in mortality was observed depending on PAW concentration. If the test results allowed, the LC50, IC50, A and NR escapism values were calculated. When the measured and calculated values did not allow such a calculation, the overall effect of PAW on organisms was assessed and a significant difference was calculated for the L.sativa root growth inhibition test. The final results showed that PAW has an ecotoxic effect on aquatic organisms, while it has rather beneficial effects on terrestrial organisms.

<p>We conducted a study in the virtual environment to explore the influence of three types of lighting (dynamic rim lighting vs. static rim lighting vs. no rim lighting) on users’ visual attention, and the lighting’s potential effects on the users’ preference/choice-making. We recruited 40 participants to complete a virtual grocery shopping task in the experiments, and after the experiment, the participants were given a survey to self-report their experience. We found that (1) the users do not prefer to collect virtual objects with dynamic rim lighting than virtual objects with static rim lighting; (2) the users do not prefer to collect virtual objects with rim lighting than virtual objects without lighting; (3) if the virtual object has a warm-colored texture, it’s more likely to be chosen when it has dynamic rim lighting compared with static rim lighting or no rim lighting; and (4) properties of the dominant color on the texture of a virtual object, such as the B value is a good predictor in predicting if the user tends to choose the object with rim lighting or without rim lighting, while R, B and Lightness values are plausible in predicting if the user tends to choose the virtual objects with dynamic rim lighting or static rim lighting. </p>

No description available.

Many people may feel insecure if a place or an area have poor lightning. When darkness falls, it is a natural reaction to become cautious as control over seeing one's surroundings deteriorates. People are very dependent on lighting in urban environments. If the environments do not have enough lighting, limitations for the individual may arise from the fear of being exposed to a threatening situation. The purpose of this study is to analyze how young adults experience the lighting in Umeå's central city, from a safety perspective. The study also focuses on what improvements regarding lighting there are in Umeå according to the interviewees that they believe can increase their safety in an area. The study is based on 6 interviews with 3 men and 3 women between the ages of 20 - 30 who live in the Umeå regional center. In order to investigate the purpose further, coding of the collected interview material has also been done. After analyzing the material, it emerged that women's insecurity is based on the fear of being exposed to abuse or a threatening situation. While the men were more afraid of the dark due to poor visibility or the fear of being jumped on by an animal. There were also many suggestions for improvement opportunities regarding lighting in Umeå.

No description available.