I studien undersöks hur införandet av ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete kan påverka en organisation. Många arbetsplatser saknar ett fungerande systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, men alla företag är beroende av att personalen mår bra och får vara frisk och därmed kan vara effektiv på sitt arbete. För att öka läsarens förståelse för hur betydelsefullt det är att arbeta aktivt med arbetsmiljöarbete, vill vi visa organisationer hur de genom detta kan uppnå vinster, inte bara de av rent monetär art, utan även de som är av betydande vikt för arbetstagarna, såsom exempelvis ökad trivsel och bättre gemenskap. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär med en interaktiv forskningsprocess. Urvalet har bestått av respondenter på Copy Syd AB. Resultatet visar att det är av stor vikt att införa ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Studien pekar på att lönsamhet bland annat kan uppnås i form av nöjda medarbetare som anser att implementeringen av det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet har bidragit till ökad trivsel och effektivitet. De vinster som kan göras i en organisation kan kanske inte alltid mätas i pengar, men om de anställda upplever att deras arbetssituation förbättrats avsevärt både ur fysiskt och psykosocialt hänseende, måste det anses vara vinster av lika stor eller större betydelse. I studien framkommer även att det är möjligt att urskilja effekter på tre nivåer: individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå. / This study examines how the implementation of a systematic work environment management can affect an organization. Many places do not work systematically with the working environment although companies are very dependent of the wellbeing and health of their co-workers as this increases their effectiveness. The aim is to increase the understanding of how important it is to actively address the social and physical environment in a company. We want to show organizations how they can gain profit, not only financially, but through the wellbeing and effectiveness of their employees long-term. The study is qualitative to its disposition and uses an interactive process of research. The sample consisted of respondents from the company Copy Syd AB. The result shows that the implementation of a systematic work environment management is of great importance to the company and its employees. As the study indicates there are positive effects from satisfied co-workers who think that the implementation has contributed to an increased job satisfaction as well as increased efficiency at work. The profit might not always be financial, but if the co-workers experience that their work situation, both physically and psychosocially, is considerably better than before, this profit must be considered as great, or even greater importance than mere economy. In the study it also emerges that it is possible to distinguish effects on three levels: for the individual, for the organization and for the society.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Afonso C G de Noronha.pdf: 714313 bytes, checksum: b5c2c8f3fdc17e36fb455c41f567ff95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-04 / The actual economic model takes the society to exploit the natural resources in an inadequate way, besides generating anthrop systems which are not always in concordance with nature. The swine culture is one of these systems, which needs some policies and actions in order to give the activity some sustainability. This research aimed at identifying the reasons why bio-digestion technology is not used by a group of producers in Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana state, Brazil. With this goal, it is demonstrated which procedures of bio-digestion there are in the city, and which bio-digesters are the most popular there. In addition, it is showed the conceptions of environmental management, development, and economic growth, by integrating the idea of sustainability. Some research, made in 2003, related to the use of bio-digesters in the end of the last century, by some Embrapa swine and poultry technicians, and also some similar research in Toledo, Parana state, Brazil, helped the data analysis, comparing the facts of that time with the actual differences. It was identified that producers poor education, lack of knowledge about bio-digestion technology, and the non-use of the biogas from the anaerobic digestion, took them to a lack of credibility of the process, which at the current moment is not a different reality. The support offered that time was not sufficient, as well as the incredibility of the technicians dispended with the producers, made the latter use the bio-digester as a waste facility. Nowadays, that same incredibility may occur if there is not any commitment of the competent sectors and associations, in order to develop effective actions to inform and encourage the producers for using the adequate resources in the swine culture. In this case, the consequences for the environment may be disastrous. / O atual modelo econômico leva a sociedade a explorar os recursos naturais de forma inadequada, além de gerar sistemas antrópicos que nem sempre estão em equilíbrio com a natureza. A suinocultura é um destes sistemas, necessitando de políticas e ações que venham a dar sustentabilidade à atividade. Esta pesquisa teve como foco identificar as razões pelas quais a tecnologia da biodigestão não é utilizada por um grupo de produtores no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. Com esta finalidade buscou-se demonstrar qual é o procedimento da biodigestão e quais o biodigestores mais conhecidos, além de conceituar gestão ambiental, desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico, integrando a idéia da sustentabilidade. Pesquisas realizadas em 2003, relativas à utilização de biodigestores no final do século passado, por técnicos da Embrapa Suínos e Aves e semelhante trabalho no município de Toledo, PR, colaboraram nas análises dos dados obtidos, em face de comprovação de que fatos ocorridos naquela época não são diferentes na atualidade. Identificou-se que a baixa escolaridade, os desconhecimento da tecnologia da biodigestão, o não aproveitamento do biogás fruto da digestão anaeróbica, levou ao descrédito do processo e na atualidade não está sendo muito diferente. Os incentivos dados naquela época não foram suficientes, e o abandono do suinocultor, pelos técnicos, fez com estes utilizassem o biodigestor como simples esterqueiras. Na atualidade se não houver comprometimento dos órgãos competentes e das associações/cooperativas no sentido de desenvolver ações efetivas que venham a informar o produtor bem como a incentivá-lo com recursos adequados aos resultados obtidos com a suinocultura, o mesmo descrédito poderá ocorrer. As conseqüências para o meio ambiente, neste caso, poderão ser desastrosas.

Forskning visar att traditionella rotorsaksanalyser har begränsningar när det gäller att utreda händelser i komplexa system. För de komplexa system som utgör dagens moderna arbetsliv krävs att analyser sker på en övergripande systemnivå, organisationsnivå, där till exempel tekniska, organisatoriska och sociala faktorer som påverkar arbetssystemet beaktas. I takt med att rapporteringen av händelser och tillbud ökar blir mängden rapporter att hantera allt större, det krävs tekniska system och hjälpmedel för att bearbeta data. Är Informationssystem om Arbetsmiljö (IA) ett ärendehanteringssystem för att hantera enstaka ärenden eller går det att upptäcka trender och använda systemet förebyggande på en övergripande organisationsnivå i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet? Syftet med studien var att visa om användningen av ett incidentrapporteringssystem ger ett företag möjlighet att analysera arbetsmiljöbrister ur ett systemperspektiv och på så sätt öka kunskapen om risker inom företaget. En kvalitativ fallstudie utfördes, på ett verkstadsföretag, med en abduktiv ansats med växling mellan empiri och teoretisk reflektion. Studien bygger på såväl data från IA-systemet som underlag från intervjuer av händelseansvariga på det studerade företaget samt en litteraturstudie. Analysen visar att IA-systemet stödjer analys ur ett Människa-Teknik-Organisation-perspektiv (MTO-perspektiv) men saknar en strikt taxonomi kopplad till förståelsen av bakomliggande orsaker till händelser. Det saknas stöd för att på ett tillförlitligt sätt analysera händelser på en övergripande system- eller organisationsnivå. Inkonsekvent kategorisering av incidentrapporter försvårar effektivt utnyttjande av incidentrapporteringssystem och utvärdering av analyser påverkas negativt. Ett alternativ skulle kunna vara att utöka IA-systemet med en textanalysdel som kan hantera fritext i databasen och söka efter nyckelord. Genom att kombinera fritextanalys med taxonomi kan trender påvisas ur en stor mängd data. / Research reveals traditional root cause analysis to have limitations when used to analyse incidents in complex systems. For complex systems like modern work life environment analysis is required to be carried out on overall system level, organisational level, where technical, organizational and social factors impacting the system of work are considered. As reporting of incidents and near misses are increasing, the corresponding number of reports to be handled are larger, which requires the assistance of technical systems in order to handle all data. Is Occupational Health and Safety Information System (IA-system) an incident reporting system just for single incidents or will it facilitate detection of trends to use the system for preventive actions on a higher organizational level to support systematic work environment management? The purpose of the study was to show whether the use of an incident reportingsystem gives a company the opportunity to analyse work environment deficiencies from a system perspective and thus increase knowledge about risks within the company. A qualitative case study was carried out, at a manufacturing company, with an abductive approach supported by switching between empirical and theoretical reflection. The study is based on data from the IA-system and interviews from people responsible for handling issues at the studied company as well as a literature study. The analysis shows that the IA-system supports analysis from a Human-Technology-Organization (HTO) perspective, but lacks a strict taxonomy linked to the understanding of underlying causes of incidents. There is no support to reliably analyses of incident at an overall system or organization level. Inconsistent categorization of incident reports makes effective use of incident reporting systems difficult and evaluation of analyses is adversely affected. A solution could be to expand the IA-system with a text analysis part that can handle free text in the database and search for keywords. By combining free text analysis with taxonomy, trends can be demonstrated from a large amount of data.

Graduation theses is directed on the Management System and the characteristics of the company and its development since 2003. Theses is introduced on the Integrated Management System, which consists of the Quality Management System, the Environmental Management System and the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series. The theses is especially directed on the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series. Management System is analyzed and steps are recommended to improve these processes.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.

Modalités de gestion du milieu temporel dans une conduite de processus multiples en situation dynamique :une recherche dans des entreprises horticoles. Cette recherche porte sur les modalités de gestion temporelle, dans des situations professionnelles tendues entre les nécessités d’une production engageant des phénomènes dynamiques multiples et une rationalisation du travail supposée faire face aux besoins économiques de l’entreprise, en l’occurrence, dans le secteur de l’horticulture. La thèse soutenue est que les travailleurs, et en particulier des chefs de culture en tant qu’encadrants intermédiaires, assurent une gestion de leur milieu temporel de travail, dans la dynamique de leur activité. Cette gestion est active dans le sens où elle intègre des cadres temporels. Ceux-ci peuvent être analysés à la fois comme des ressources et des contraintes dans leur activité. La gestion du milieu temporel peut être entravée par certaines configurations de ces cadres, qui ne permettent pas aux chefs de culture d’intégrer les risques pour la production, pour eux-mêmes ou pour les autres travailleurs. Nous proposons une structure de formalisation des cadres temporels et de leurs interrelations dans la dynamique du milieu temporel. Elle est issue d’une démarche de « dépliage » des temporalités, fondée sur une analyse ergonomique de l’activité. La modélisation des cadres et de la gestion du milieu temporel est une conceptualisation fonctionnelle pour analyser les conditions temporelles du travail en tant que ressources pour un agir temporel pragmatique dans l’activité. / Terms of environment temporal management in a conduct of multiple processes, in dynamic situations : A research in horticulture production. This research focuses on how to manage temporalities in professional situations strained between the needs of a multiple dynamics production and a rationalization of work supposed to meet the economic needs of the company. The thesis is that workers, especially in this case middle managers in horticulture production, manage their temporal work environment in the dynamics of their activity. This management is active in the sense that it integrates timeframes, which are both resources and constraints in their activity. Temporal environment management can be hampered by some configurations of timeframes, which do not enable these workers to masterise production risks, and risks for themselves or other workers.We propose a formalization of timeframes and their relationships in the dynamics of the temporal environment. The methodology consists in a process of “unfolding” temporalities. It is based on ergonomic activity analysis. Modeling timeframes and temporal environment management is a functional conceptualization to analyze the temporal conditions of work as resources for pragmatic temporal acting, in work activity.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'etude de l'implantation du parallélisme OU en Prolog sur des machines sans mémoire commune. Nous présentons le modèle multi-séquentiel OU Opera, implanté par compilation (machine abstraite de Warren - WAM), en préservant la sémantique de Prolog. Les deux problèmes principaux d'un tel système, la gestion de contextes multiples et l'ordonnancement, sont détaillés. La gestion des contextes multiples s'effectue par copie incrémentale, en parallèle au calcul. Pour que ceci reste efficace et cohérent, le traitement des variables conditionnelles a été inclus dans la WAM. Notre méthode introduit une nouvelle pile pour ces variables dont l'initialisation, la déliaison été modifiées. Le coût des opérations séquentielles de la WAM est constant et indépendent du nombre de processus. Nous proposons encore une méthode simple et efficace pour la réalisation de la coupure. Un prototype Opera a été implanté sur un réseau de Transputers. Dans ce prototype, l'ordonnancement a été résolu par une méthode basée sur des heuristiques d'évaluation de charge. Cet ordonnancement est mis en ocuvre par une architecture centralisée où un processus ordonnanceur unique régule la charge des autres processus. L'ordonnanceur utilise une répresentation approximative de l'état du système. La partie séquentielle du prototype Opera constitue l'un des systèmes Prolog les plus efficaces existant actuellement sur le Transputer. Ses gains de performance en parallèle sont aussi effectifs. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of Or-parallel Prolog over distributed memory machines. The Opera Or multi-sequential model is presented. It uses compiling techniques (Warren Abstract Machine) and preserves the Prolog semantics. Multienvironment management and scheduling, the two major problems of Opera, are described. Multi-environment management is realized by incremental copying, in parallel to the computation. The treatment of conditional variables is included in the WAM, in order to allow an efficient and coherent cooperation. Our method introduces a new pile for these variables, initialization, binding and unbinding of which are adapted. The cost of WAM sequential operations is constant and independent of the number of processes. We also propose a simple and efficient method for implementing cut in parallel. An Opera prototype has been implemented over a Transputer array. In the current prototype, scheduling is resolved by heuristics of load evaluation. This scheduling is centralized, a unique process balancing the load of the other Prolog workers, and using an approximate representation of the state of the system. The Opera prototype is one of the most efficient Prolog implementations on the Transputer, and reaches effective speed-ups in parallel.