Στη διατριβή αυτή γίνεται η οικολογική διερεύνηση των υγροτόπων Δέλτα Αχελώου, περιοχών Στροφυλιάς, Βασιλικής και Κρυονερίου και μελετώνται οι συσχετίσεις των περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων με χλωρίδα και βλάστηση. Τόσο για την έρευνα της χλωρίδας, όσο και για τον προσδιορισμό των μονάδων βλάστησης πραγματοποιήθηκε ικανός αριθμός δειγματοληψιών σε αντιπροσωπευτικές θέσεις με αντίστοιχες ζώνες βλάστησης για τις περιοχές του Αχελώου, της Στροφυλιάς και της Βαράσοβας (Βασιλική - Κρυονέρι). Σε κάθε θέση, εκτός απο τις φυτοληψίες, λαμβάνονταν δείγματα εδάφους και νερού, όπου αυτό ήταν εφικτό, για να γίνει εργαστηριακή επεξεργασία.Τα εδαφικά δείγματα αναλύθηκαν εργαστηριακά και προσδιορίστηκαν οι παράμετροι: κοκκομετρική σύσταση του εδάφους (%), υγρασία του εδάφους (%), pH και αγωγιμότητα, CaCO3 (%), οργανική ουσία ( %), ολικό Ν (mg/100gr, μέθοδος Kjehldahl), P (mgr/kgr, μέθοδος Olsen), K (meq/100gr, in ammonium acetate pH 7.0).Στα δείγματα νερού προσδιορίστηκαν επι πλέον εργαστηριακά οι παράμετροι: Κ, Νa, Ca, Μg, Cl , ΗC031-, Ν031-,, Ν021-, ΝΗ41+ και S042,pH, θερμοκρασία, δυναμικό οξειδοαναγωγής, αλκαλικότητα, CO2, αγωγιμότητα.Από τη στατιστική επεξεργασία των παραμέτρων προέκυψαν οι στατιστικά σημαντικοί και συσχετίστηκαν με τις ενότητες και υποενότητες βλάστησης.Αναγνωρίστηκαν 405 taxa και στις τέσσερεις περιοχές μελέτης.Από την ανάλυση της βλάστησης, αναγνωρίστηκαν πέντε (5) ενότητες και ένδεκα (11) υποενότητες βλάστησης.Οι σύγχρονες μέθοδοι στατιστικής επεξεργασίας που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ανέδειξαν τους περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες που διαφοροποιούν τις υποενότητς βλάστησης. Ειδικότερα, για το έδαφος είναι: τα θρεπτικά, η αγωγιμότητα και η αλκαλικότητας, ενώ για το νερό τις παρόχθιες υποενότητες διαφοροποιεί το pH. / In the present study, wetlands of the areas of Acheloos river Delta, Strofilia, Vasiliki and Krioneri are studied from the ecological point of view and their flora and vegetation are correlated with the main abiotic factors of soil and water. For the survey of the flora and the vegetations units’ identification a sufficient number of samplings were made in representative sites of relevant vegetation units of the studied areas. In every sampling site, samples of soil and water - where it was possible - have been also taken, for laboratory processing. The identified parameters for soil samples were: soil particles size (%), soil moisture (%), pH and conductivity, CaCO3 (%,), organic matter (%), total N (mg/100gr, Kjehldahl method), P (mgr / kgr, Olsen method), K (meq/100gr, in ammonium acetate pH 7.0). For water samples parameters identified were: Κ, Νa, Ca, Μg, Cl , ΗC031-, Ν031-,, Ν021-, ΝΗ41+ και S042-pH, temperature, redox, alkalinity, CO2 and conductivity.From the parameters statistical analysis those statistically significant were obtained and then correlated with the determined vegetation units and subunits.405 taxa were identified from the four study areas.From the vegetations analysis five (5) units and eleven (11) subunits were distinguished.Modern methods of statistical treatment used highlighted the environmental factors that differentiate the Subunits of the vegetation. In particular, for the soil these factors are: nutrients, conductivity and alkalinity, while for the water the differentiating factor is pH.

Disertacijos tyrimų aktualumą lemia energijos panaudojimo efektyvumo didinimas bei aplinkos taršos mažinimas transporto sektoriuje. Darbe sprendžiami eksperimentiniai, matematinio modeliavimo ir metodologiniai uždaviniai, siekiant kompleksiškai ištirti dyzelinių variklių, dirbančių II kartos RRME, alkoholio ir dyzelino mišiniais, eksploatacinius darbo rodiklius. Disertacijoje analizuotas ir įvertintas degalų mišinių panaudojimo lengvųjų automobilių ir pagalbiniame laivo dyzeliniuose varikliuose efektas. Tiriamojo darbo problematika, tikslas, uždaviniai suformuoti išanalizavus transporto sektoriaus sandarą, svarbą oro taršos ir energijos sunaudojimo srityse bei ES strateginius planus. Laboratorijos bei eksploatacijos sąlygomis ištirti I, II kartos biodegalų ir dyzelino mišiniai. Tyrimams panaudotuose varikliuose išbandyti butanolio ir metanolio su rapso metil/butilesteriais bei dyzelino 2 ir 3 komponentų mišiniai. Išbandyti II kartos RRME mišiniai: Sėjamosios judros (lot. Camelina sativa) kartu su kiaulienos RRME ir mikro dumblių (lot. Clorella sp.). Atlikti dyzelino ir mišinių palyginamieji variklinių savybių tyrimai. Panaudojant mišinius, energijos panaudojimo efektyvumas didėja ~1–4 %; esant šiek tiek išaugusiai NOX koncentracijai, CO, CH koncentracijos sumažėjimas siekia iki 20 %, o deginių dūmingumas – 55–85 %. Įvertinti terminės ir mechaninės apkrovos kriterijai, indikuojantys variklio konstrukcinį patikimumą dirbant dyzelinu ir degalų mišiniais. Ištirta biodyzelinų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevance of dissertation research is determined increasing efficiency of energy use and reduction of environmental pollution in the transport sector. In order to accomplish the complex research of diesel engines (running on 2nd generation FAME, alcohol and diesel blends) performance indicators the experimental, simulation and methodological tasks are solved in dissertation. The analysis and evaluation of effect of fuel blends use in passenger car and vessel auxiliary diesel engines is presented in dissertation. The problem, aim, tasks of research work formulated after analysis of transport sector structure, the importance of air pollution and energy consumption and the EU's strategic plans. The blends of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels were investigated using laboratory equipment and in the exploitation conditions. 2 and 3 component blends of diesel, methanol, butanol, rape methyl/butyl esters were tested in diesel engines. Tested 2nd generation FAME blends: False flax (lat. Camelina sativa) with pork lards FAME and sea algae (lat. Clorella sp.). The comparable research of parameters while engine ran on diesel and blends was carried out. In the case of blends use the energy efficiency increases ~1–4%; at slightly increased NOX concentration the CO and CH concentrations decreased up to 20% and exhaust smoke, and smokiness decreased – 55–85%. The evaluation of thermal and mechanical load criteria which indicate 1.9 TDI 1Z engine reliability operating on diesel fuel and... [to full text]

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T14:43:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3084404 bytes, checksum: a557c23387b1239e1ed610d310cf09ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-06T14:43:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3084404 bytes, checksum: a557c23387b1239e1ed610d310cf09ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aimed to analyze environmental, chemical and mineralogical parameters of Recycled Aggregates (RA), classified as Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), generated at the Plant for Improvement of Construction Solid Waste (USIBEN), in João Pessoa / PB, as well as some Natural Aggregates (NA). Environmental analyses were performed, through solubilization and leaching tests, as well as the characterization of its chemical and mineralogical composition by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, and infrared spectrometry. In Step I, for the solubilized extract, the aggregates Gravel 12 RA, Gravel 25 RA, Fine Aggregate RA, Gravel 12 NA and Stone Dust NA had values above the limits set out in Annex G of the standard ABNT NBR Nº 10004/2004 for some chemical parameters, such as sulfate (250 mg / L), iron (0.30 mg / L) and aluminum (0.20 mg / L). This study also investigated the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, Zn), and, in accordance with the aforementioned standard, Gravel 12 RA exceeded the allowable limit for Cadmium. According to these results, the aggregates mentioned above changed their classification from Class II B – Inert – to Class II A – Non-Inert. In Step II, only four aggregates were selected to continue the study: Sand NA and RA; Gravel 12 NA and RA. The pH behavior of the aggregates chosen was investigated, and all of them suffered decay, stabilizing at alkaline pH (pH> 7). The chemical and mineralogical analyses (XRF, XRD, DTA / TG and IV) revealed the presence of quartz (SiO2) in the four samples, being the greater quantity in the NA ones. It was confirmed that the RA samples had compounds also found in mortar and concrete, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), alumina (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO) and cement hydration products, such as portlandite [Ca(OH)2] and plaster [CaSO42H2O]. It was concluded that the RA studied are viable for several uses, in relation to environmental, chemical and mineralogical analyses, since most compounds found in them are also part of NA used daily in civil construction. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros ambientais, químicos e mineralógicos de Agregados Reciclados (AR), classificados como Agregado Reciclado de Concreto (ARC), gerados na Usina de Beneficiamento de Resíduos Sólidos da Construção Civil (USIBEN) em João Pessoa/PB, como também alguns Agregados Naturais (AN). Foi realizada análise ambiental, através de ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização, bem como a caracterização da sua composição química e mineralógica, por fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica e espectrometria de infravermelho. Na Etapa I, para o extrato solubilizado, os agregados brita 12 AR, brita 25 AR, agregado miúdo AR, brita 12 AN e pó de pedra AN apresentaram valores superiores ao limite definido no anexo G da ABNT NBR Nº 10004/2004 para alguns parâmetros químicos como sulfato (250 mg/L), ferro (0,30 mg/L) e alumínio (0,20 mg/L). Também investigou-se a presença de metais pesados (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, Zn) e de acordo com a referida norma, a brita 12 AR ultrapassou o limite permitido para o metal cádmio. De acordo com esses resultados, os agregados supracitados mudam sua classificação de Classe II B - Inertes, para Classe II A - não Inertes. Na Etapa II foram definidos apenas 4 agregados para continuidade: areia AN e AR; brita 12 AN e AR. Investigou-se o comportamento do pH dos 4 agregados e todos tiveram decaimento, estabilizando-se em pH alcalino (pH > 7). Para as análises químicas e mineralógicas (FRX, DRX, DTA/TG e IV) observou-se a presença de quartzo (SiO2) nas 4 amostras sendo em maior quantidade nos AN. Para as amostras AR foram comprovadas a presença de compostos presentes em argamassa e concreto, como carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3), alumina (Al2O3), óxido de ferro (Fe2O3), óxido de magnésio (MgO) e produtos da hidratação do cimento, como a portlandita [Ca(OH)2] e gesso [CaSO42H2O]. Portanto os AR estudados são viáveis em relação a análise ambiental, química e mineralógica, para diversas utilizações, pois a maioria dos compostos encontrados neles também fazem parte dos AN, usados diariamente na construção civil.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-05-08T15:23:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lisiée Manzoli Gonçaves Pereira - 2018.pdf: 2364960 bytes, checksum: 8549e395821c153662fa074784ea0915 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-09T11:25:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lisiée Manzoli Gonçaves Pereira - 2018.pdf: 2364960 bytes, checksum: 8549e395821c153662fa074784ea0915 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lisiée Manzoli Gonçaves Pereira - 2018.pdf: 2364960 bytes, checksum: 8549e395821c153662fa074784ea0915 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The effluent generated by the cosmetic industries, from industrial processes, tank washes and disposal of failed batches, are highly recalcitrant due to their complex chemical composition. The deposition of such liquids into water bodies must follow a series of environmental parameter values established by local and federal legislation so that they do not negatively affect the receiving environment and its ecosystems. Traditional wastewater treatment methods sometimes fail to satisfactorily remove their contaminating potential. Therefore, this work aims at integrating two treatment technologies, Fenton’s reagent and adsorption, in order to achieve maximum removal efficiency in the values of environmental and water quality control parameters. Wastewater from a cosmetics industry in the metropolitan area of Goiania (state of Goias, Brazil) was used as object of this study. The environmental parameters analyzed were: color (via absorbance analysis), total iron, organic matter (via chemical oxygem demand analysis), total phenols, pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, initial and residual H2O2 and total solids. They were analyzed on the pretreated wastewater, after the Fenton’s reagent treatment, after adsorption, and after the combined processes. The adsorbent was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), adsorption and desorption of N2 and infrared spectroscopy. In the Fenton’s reagent treatment, factorial design 23 was performed for the factors: Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations and pH, in order to outline the process parameters. From these data, other Fenton assays were performed by opening Fe2+, H2O2 and pH concentration bands to evaluate their influence on the removal of the environmental parameters mentioned above. The best results were obtained in Fe2+ 184.21 mg L-1; H2O2 concentration at 1300 mg L-1, and pH at 3.5. Subsequently, the wastewater treated via Fenton’s reagent was subjected to the adsorption process, in which seven types of activated carbon were tested. The activated charcoal which presented the best efficiency at removing environmental parameter values was submitted to kinetic tests at different temperatures and contact times. The equilibrium time was reached in 16 minutes (tested in the range of 4min to 24h), and for the different temperatures it was observed that its increase did not contribute significantly to the process efficiency (tested in the range of 20 to 60ºC). The integration of the two technologies presented the following percentages of global variation: chemical oxygem demand: -73.58%; turbidity: -97.65%; conductivity: -5.36%; dissolved oxygen: + 141.24%; total phenols: -81.77%; total iron: -69.97%; hydrogen peroxide: -97.78%; total solids: -46.37%; total fixed solids: -30.57%; total volatile solids: -46.65%; absorbance at 200 nm: -36.38%; absorbance at 400 nm: -77.37%. The pH, total iron and hydrogen peroxide parameters were controlled in the Fenton’s reagent process. / O efluente gerado pelas indústrias de cosméticos, proveniente de processos industriais, lavagens de tanques e descarte de lotes falhos, são altamente recalcitrantes devido à sua complexa composição química. A deposição de tais líquidos em corpos d’água deve seguir uma série de valores de parâmetros ambientais legislados para que não afetem de maneira negativa os meios receptores e seus ecossistemas. Por vezes, os métodos tradicionais de tratamento de efluentes não conseguem remover seu potencial poluidor de maneira satisfatória. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho foi integrar duas tecnologias de tratamento, reagente de Fenton e adsorção, a fim de alcançar máxima eficiência de remoção nos valores dos parâmetros de controle ambiental. O efluente real de uma indústria de cosméticos na região metropolitana de Goiânia foi utilizado como objeto de estudo. Os parâmetros ambientais analisados foram cor (por absorbância), ferro total, matéria orgânica (por demanda química de oxigênio), fenóis totais, pH, turbidez, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, H2O2 inicial e residual e sólidos totais, nos efluentes pré-tratado, pós-Fenton e final (pós-Fenton seguido de adsorção). O adsorvente foi caracterizado por análise elementar (CHN), termogravimetria (TG/DTA), adsorção e dessorção de N2 e espectroscopia de infravermelho. Para dar início ao tratamento via reagente de Fenton, foi realizado planejamento fatorial 23, para os fatores, concentração de Fe2+, concentração de H2O2 e valor de pH, a fim de delinear os parâmetros do processo. Destes dados, outros ensaios de Fenton foram realizados abrindo-se faixas de concentração de Fe2+, H2O2 e valor de pH, para avaliar a influência dos mesmos na remoção dos parâmetros ambientais supracitados. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos em concentração de Fe2+ 184,21 mg.L-1; concentração de H2O2 em 1300 mg L-1, e pH em 3,5. Em seguida, o efluente pós Fenton foi utilizado no processo de adsorção, em que foram testados sete tipos de carvões ativados nos ensaios. Para o carvão ativado que apresentou melhores resultados para os parâmetros ambientais supracitados, foram realizados testes cinéticos em batelada e com diferentes temperaturas. Na cinética, o tempo de equilíbrio foi atingido em 16 minutos (teste na faixa de 4min-24h), e para as diferentes temperaturas observou-se que o aumento da mesma não contribuiu significativamente na eficiência do processo (teste na faixa de 20 - 60ºC). A integração das duas tecnologias apresentou os seguintes percentuais de variação globais: demanda química de oxigênio: -73,58%; turbidez: -97,65%; condutividade: -5,36%; oxigênio dissolvido: +141,24%; fenóis totais: -81,77%; ferro total: -69,97%; peróxido de hidrogênio: -97,78%; sólidos totais: -46,37%; sólidos fixos totais: -30,57%; sólidos voláteis totais: -46,65%; absorbância em 200nm: -36,38%; sbsorbância em 400nm: -77,37%.

Le système d'upwelling nord-ouest africain au large du Maroc, de la Mauritanie, de la Gambie et du Sénégal est le système le plus productif au monde en termes de productivité primaire. Elle se traduit par une importante biomasse de poissons principalement dominée par les petits poissons pélagiques qui sont les principales ressources vivantes exploitées de la région. Dans un contexte de gestion partagée par plusieurs pays des ressources halieutiques de la région, comprendre les facteurs qui contrôlent la répartition spatiale de ces populations et l'évolution de leurs abondances est un enjeu crucial pour les pêcheries et le développement socio-économique de la région. Le but principal de cette thèse est d'une part de décrire les variations saisonnières et interannuelles de l'environnement marin de l'upwelling des Canaries le long de la Côte nord-ouest de l'Afrique, et d'autre part de relier ces variations avec les dynamiques spatio-temporelles de ces principales espèces d'importance commerciale. Nous avons utilisé différents jeux de données disponibles et développé différentes approches afin d'avoir une vision la plus complète possible du fonctionnement de cet écosystème. Ainsi, nous avons combiné des données satellitaires, des données de campagnes scientifiques acoustiques, des statistiques de pêche et des analyses de formes d'otolithes. Le long des côtes NW africaines (10°-35° N), nos données nous ont permis d'identifier trois régions avec une saisonnalité et une intensité de l'upwelling bien différencié. La région présente une forte variabilité latitudinale et temporelle des conditions environnementales. La partie sud de la zone (~ entre 10° et 24°N) se caractérise par des eaux plus chaudes et plus riche en Chlorophylle-a que la partie nord. La majeure partie de la variabilité des paramètres environnementaux étudiés est due à la saisonnalité (>60%). Au cours de la période d'étude (2002-2012), nous avons noté une tendance significative au réchauffement allant de 0.01°C. à 0.04°C.an-¹ et un renforcement général de l'upwelling, mais une tendance à la baisse de la concentration en Chl a dans l'ensemble de la zone étudiée. Il existe un gradient latitudinal sud-nord de la phénologie du bloom de phytoplancton (période, durée et l'ampleur du bloom). Cependant, il n'y a pas de tendances interannuelles significatives de la phénologie du bloom phytoplanctonique ni de corrélations ou tendances avec les paramètres physiques de l'environnement étudié (SST, indice d'upwelling, vent). L'écosystème du courant des Canaries se caractérise par le couple sardines/sardinelles. L'anchois, bien que présent dans cet écosystème, ne joue pas un rôle aussi important que dans les autres systèmes d'upwelling. Les relations entre les abondances d'anchois, de sardines et de sardinelles avec les paramètres environnementaux ont été étudiées à différentes échelles à l'aide de modèles additifs généralisés (GAM). Les résultats de notre étude indiquent que les variations spatio-temporelles de l'abondance de l'anchois et de la sardinelle sont davantage contrôlées par le gradient thermique que par la productivité biologique. La sardine semble être plus contrôlée par une fenêtre environnementale optimale d'intensité d'upwelling et de température "optimal upwelling and temperature windows". Nous avons pu pour la première fois mettre en évidence l'existence d'une alternance temporelle d'abondance entre l'anchois et la sardine comme cela est connu dans d'autres systèmes d'upwelling. Enfin, pour contribuer à la connaissance sur la structuration des populations de la sardinelle ronde qui préoccupent les scientifiques et les gestionnaires des pêches, nous avons mené une étude sur l'analyse de la forme des otolithes. L'existence possible de plusieurs stocks de sardinelle en lien avec des structures océanographiques ne confortent pas la politique de gestion actuelle qui considère un stock unique au large de la côte NW africaine. / The North West African upwelling system off Morocco, Mauritania, Gambia and Senegal is the most productive system in the world in terms of primary productivity. This productivity results in a large fish biomass dominated by small pelagic fish which are the main living resources exploited in the region. In a context of shared management of fisheries resources by several countries in the region, understanding the factors that control the spatial distribution of populations of small pelagic fish and the evolution of their abundances is a crucial issue for fisheries and the socio-economic development of the region. The main objective of this thesis is to describe the seasonal and interannual variations of the marine environment of the Canary upwelling along the Northwest coast of Africa and to link these variations with the spatio-temporal dynamics of the main small pelagic species of commercial importance of this zone. We have used different sets of data available and developed different approaches in order to have a complete view of the functioning of this ecosystem. Thus, we have combined satellite data, acoustic scientific survey data, fishing statistics and analysis of otolith shapes. Along th NW African coasts ( 10° - 35° N), our data allowed us to identify three regions with a well-differentiated seasonality and intensity of upwelling. The region has a high latitudinal and temporal variability of environmental conditions. The southern part of the zone (between 10° and 24° N) is characterized by warmer and richer Chlorophyll-a waters than the northern part. The majority of the variability of the environmental parameters studied is due to seasonality (> 60%). During the study period (2002-2012), we noted a significant warming trend ranging from 0.01° C to 0.04°C. yr-¹ and a general reinforcement of ipwelling, but a downward trend in Chl a concentration in the whole study area. There is a south-north latitudinal gradient of the phenology of the phytoplankton bloom (period, duration and magnitude of the bloom). However, there are no significant interannual trends in phytoplankton bloom phenology or correlations or trends with the physical parameters of the environment studied (SST, upwelling index, wind). The Canary current ecosystem is characterized by the sardine/ Sardinella pair, Anchovy, althought present in this ecosystem, plays no more important role than in other upwelling systems. The relationships between the abundances of anchovies, sardines and sardinella with environmental parameters have been studied at different scales using generalized additive models (GAM). The results of our study indicate that the spatial and temporal variations of the abundance of anchovy and sardinella are controlled more by the thermal gradient than by the biological productivity. The sardine seems to be more controlled by an "optimal upwelling and temperature windows". We were able for the first time to demonstrate the existence of a temporal alternation of abundance between anchovy and sardine as is known in other upwelling systems. Finally, in order to contribute to the knowledge of population structure of the round sardinella that concern scientists and fisheries managers, we conducted a study of the shape of otoliths. The possible existence of several stocks of sardinella in connection with oceanographic structures do not support the current management policy which considers a single stock off the African NW coast.

Η μελέτη και παρακολούθηση του Περιβάλλοντος με σκοπό την κατανόηση και προστασία του, προϋποθέτουν τη δυνατότητα καταγραφής, επεξεργασίας και αποθήκευσης πλήθους μετρήσεων καθώς και τη χρήση μαθηματικών μοντέλων. Για τον σκοπό αυτό έχουν αναπτυχθεί από διεθνείς οργανισμούς (Κυβερνητικούς και Μη) ειδικές Περιβαλλοντικές Βάσεις Δεδομένων που ανάλογα με τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά τους καταγράφουν τις τιμές διαφόρων περιβαλλοντικών μεταβλητών. Για την αποτελεσματικότερη χρήση των ΠΒΔ και την συγκριτική αξιολόγησή τους αναπτύχθηκε ένας Τυπολογικός Πίνακας βασισμένος σε δώδεκα (12) παραμέτρους με σκοπό την κατάταξη των κυριότερων ΠΒΔ σε αυτόν. Ως εκ τούτου, επιλέχθηκαν δεκαεπτά (17) ΠΒΔ, που υποστηρίζονται είτε από διεθνείς ή από ελληνικούς φορείς, και περιλαμβάνουν την περιοχή της ανατολικής Μεσογείου. Η ανάπτυξη του Τυπολογικού Πίνακα επιτρέπει την κατάταξη οποιασδήποτε άλλης ΠΒΔ σε αυτόν ενώ αποτελεί και ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο στο σχεδιασμό μελλοντικών τέτοιων Βάσεων. Κάνοντας χρήση των φίλτρων του Πίνακα επιλέχθηκαν τρείς (3) μελέτες περιπτώσεων για την συγκριτική αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων δύο (2) ΠΒΔ που πληρούν όμοια κριτήρια. Στα συμπεράσματα της εργασίας περιλαμβάνεται η διαπίστωση ότι παρά την ετερογένεια της πληροφορίας που παρατηρείται μεταξύ των ΠΒΔ, υπάρχουν οι προϋποθέσεις να εξαχθούν ασφαλείς και χρήσιμες παρατηρήσεις. / Over the past decades, an effort has been made by several Governments and Non-Governmental Organizations to develop and support Environmental Data Bases (EDBs) containing specific environmental parameters and characteristics. The aim was to study and monitor environmental variables in order to better understand and predict their structures and trends and thus protect the global ecosystem. In order to achieve an effective way of using the various Environmental DBs a typological Table was developed in accordance to specific parameters. Priority was given to those EDBs that focus on the eastern part of Mediterranean. This Typology allows every EDB to be classified according to specific spatio-temporal scales and parameters and simultaneously can offer a better approach for designing other EDBs in the future. Three (3) case studies were selected based on the Typological Table for comparative assessment of the EDBs. In general the EDB are heterogeneous and do not follow the same data structure. However under some circumstances, interesting information can be extracted that expands and completes our knowledge about the Environment.

No description available.