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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

The Effects of Classroom Environmental Quality on the Early Literacy Outcomes of a Regionally Heterogeneous Population of Latino Children

Marin, Maria M 25 March 2010 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between classroom environmental quality and early literacy outcomes amongst a sample of Latino children from various Latin-American countries. Participants included 116 preschoolers that attended various childcare centers in Southeast Florida. Participant’s literacy knowledge was assessed using the Test of Preschool Early Literacy. Classrooms were assessed on environmental quality using the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale-Revised. A regression analysis revealed that classroom environmental quality did not account for Latino children’s early literacy outcomes. However, a multiple regression analysis was significant (R2= .15, F(5, 115) = 3.86, p< .05) indicating that quality has a varying impact on children’s early literacy skills based on children’s region of origin. Findings suggest that high classroom environmental quality does not necessarily mean better literacy development for Latino children. Additionally, Latino children should not be viewed as a homogeneous group, particularly in relation to their development of literacy skills in English.
112

Qualidade e percepção do ambiente construído : influência nas características psicofisiológicas dos usuários / Quality and perception of the built environment : influence on the psychophysiological characteristics of users

Souza, Ellen Priscila Nunes de, 1984- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Silvia Aparecida Mikami Gonçalves Pina, Lucila Chebel Labaki / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_EllenPriscilaNunesde_D.pdf: 21378800 bytes, checksum: 984e3b20727f666784ab7f7cfd65d0b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A qualidade do ambiente construído envolve características espaciais que afetam a percepção e o comportamento de seus usuários. Fatores como ventilação, temperatura, iluminação, forma e volume devem ser trabalhados de maneira a propiciar ambientes adequados que promovam uma qualidade de vida desejável. Devido à percepção ambiental ser derivada do processamento do estímulo sensorial, é premissa desta tese de doutorado que o ritmo biológico e o estado psicológico dos usuários são diretamente influenciados pelas variáveis espaciais. Assim, a hipótese da pesquisa é que os ambientes hospitalares, controlados exclusivamente por sistemas artificiais de iluminação e controle de temperatura e associados ao intenso ritmo de trabalho, alteram o ritmo biológico dos médicos residentes ampliando a ocorrência de doenças psicológicas e potencializando as chances de erro de diagnóstico. O objetivo é identificar como o ambiente hospitalar em condições artificiais, especialmente de iluminação e temperatura, afetam a qualidade de vida e a percepção dos médicos residentes por meio da análise de variáveis fisiológicas e psicológicas. Para tanto, foram feitas avaliações sobre as variáveis do ambiente: i. quantitativa aferindo a temperatura, iluminação, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar e aspectos físicos; e ii. qualitativa com questionários de percepção visual, térmica, acústica e de uso do espaço. Os aspectos psicofisiológicos dos médicos residentes foram avaliados segundo: i. variável emocional com instrumentais validados no Brasil para delimitação da ansiedade, depressão, estresse e transtorno psiquiátrico no ambiente de trabalho, além do sono e sua qualidade e ii. variável hormonal mediante coleta salivar e uso do Teste ELISA para dosagem de cortisol e melatonina. A pesquisa é caracterizada como exploratória e transversal prospectiva devido às variáveis de desfecho observadas e segue o delineamento da pesquisa experimental. O estudo foi realizado em condições reais de uso no Setor da Imaginologia do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP/Campinas. Dentre os resultados obtidos foram constatadas, dentre outros, respostas psicofisiológicas diferenciadas de acordo com as condições ambientais e o nível de residência médica; também se verificou que estas mesmas condições não alcançaram valores capazes de interferir integralmente na saúde psicofisiológica dos médicos residentes independente do nível. Esta pesquisa além de contribuir com a extensão do estado-da-arte, acrescentou informações à coleção de dados sobre a influência do ambiente sob condições artificiais de seus sistemas ambientais na percepção e saúde psicofisiológica de uma parcela da população hospitalar, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de melhorias na qualidade do ambiente daquela tipologia arquitetônica / Abstract: The quality of the built environment involves spatial characteristics that affect the perception and the behaviour of its users. Factors such as ventilation, temperature, lighting, shape and volume must be worked out in order to provide appropriate environments that promote a good quality of life. Because environmental perception is derived from the processing of sensory stimulus, the premise of this doctorate thesis is that the biological rhythm and the psychological state of users are directly influenced by spatial variables. Thus, the hypothesis of the research is that the hospital environment, controlled exclusively by artificial lighting and climate control, and associated to the intense pace of work, alter the biological rhythm of resident physicians increasing the occurrence of psychological diseases and increasing the chances of them making diagnostic errors. The goal is to identify how the hospital environment under artificial conditions, especially lighting and temperature, affect the quality of life and the perception of medical residents through the analysis of physiological and psychological variables. Therefore, the evaluated environmental variables were; i. quantitative gauging of the temperature, lighting, relative humidity, air velocity and physical aspects; ii. qualitative questionnaires regarding visual perception, thermal, acoustic and use of space. Psycho-physiological aspects of resident physicians were evaluated according to; i. emotional variables with validated instruments in Brazil for the demarcation of anxiety, depression, stress and psychiatric disorder in the workplace, in addition to sleep and its quality; ii. hormonal variables by saliva collection and the use of ELISA test for cortisol and melatonin dosage. The research is characterized as exploratory and prospective due to the observed outcome variables and follows the design of experimental research. The study was conducted in real conditions in the Radiology Department of the Hospital at UNICAMP/Campinas. Among the results found with resident doctors were different psycho-physiological responses according to the environmental conditions; also that these same conditions did not reach values able to fully interfere in the psycho-physiological health of physicians whatever the year of residency. This research contributes to the advance of the state of the art, adding information to the data already collected on the influence of artificial environmental conditions on the perception and psycho-physiological health of a proportion of the hospital population, contributing to the development of the quality of the environment through architectural design / Doutorado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
113

Qualidade ambiental a partir do zoneamento de risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos na bacia do Córrego Matirumbide, Juiz de Fora/MG

Pechincha, Marcelle Gualtieri Honório 18 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T10:32:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-29T11:05:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T11:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente em áreas urbanizadas, pode-se enxergar que a perspectiva dada pela baixa qualidade do ambiente é o reflexo de uma conjuntura histórica de insustentabilidade das cidades, em todos os níveis de participação social. A partir deste contexto, justifica-se a necessidade de se estudar os problemas ambientais nestas áreas, através de uma análise da qualidade ambiental. Análises como estas podem identificar o desequilíbrio entre a sociedade e os recursos naturais, através da caracterização das pressões geradas por fluxos econômicos e humanos. Identifica-se que em Juiz de Fora/MG há algumas áreas em estado de desequilíbrio. A área de estudo da presente pesquisa, a Bacia do Córrego Matirumbide, localizada na zona leste da cidade, caracteriza-se pela presença de expressivo adensamento urbano em áreas de encosta e pouca presença de cobertura vegetal arbórea, além de ser uma área reconhecida por problemas voltados à ocupação inadequada e os recorrentes casos de escorregamentos, principalmente em períodos de maiores níveis de precipitação. Assim, através de visitas a campo, além da utilização de dados secundários, elaborou-se uma série de planos de informação em ambiente SIG que puderam representar os atributos negativos característicos desta bacia: a baixa densidade de cobertura vegetal arbórea, a falta de espaços livres de edificações, a alta densidade populacional, a baixa densidade de renda, e o alto risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos. Estes planos de informação foram sobrepostos de acordo com a metodologia de análise de Qualidade Ambiental proposta por Nucci (1998), pautado na Ecologia da Paisagem e no Planejamento da Paisagem, para que se pudesse chegar ao objetivo central. A inserção do atributo negativo representado pelo risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos, até então, não tinha sido utilizado em pesquisas sobre Qualidade Ambiental. Desta forma, buscou-se a sua análise pela manipulação da modelagem matemática, através do modelo probabilístico SINMAP, no qual viabilizou a representação e criação deste plano de informação para a pesquisa. Identificou-se que a bacia do Córrego Matirumbide é expressivamente urbanizada, com baixa densidade de cobertura vegetal arbórea, além de poucos espaços livres de edificações. Caracterizou-se também a alta densidade populacional relacionada à baixa densidade de renda, encontradas principalmente nas áreas com maiores valores de instabilidade a ocorrência de escorregamentos, indicando estas áreas com alto risco a ocorrência destes eventos. As regiões urbanas onde mostraram pior Qualidade Ambiental foram as regiões Nossa Senhora Aparecida e Santa Rita, com a presença de até cinco atributos negativos; já as regiões urbanas que mostraram melhor Qualidade Ambiental foram as regiões Bairu e Vale dos Bandeirantes. Concluiu-se que, para a área de estudo, a relação negativa entre a densidade populacional e a densidade de renda juntamente à ocupação inadequada em áreas de encosta (identificadas com alta instabilidade), foi a que apresentou uma condição mais desfavorável à qualidade do ambiente. / Nowadays in urbanized areas, it is possible to see that the perspective provided by the low quality of the environment is a reflection of a historical situation of unsustainability of cities at all levels of social participation. From this context, justifies the need to study environmental problems in these areas, through an analysis of environmental quality. Analyses such as these can identify the imbalance between society and natural resources, through the characterization of pressures generated by economic and human flows. We find that in Juiz de Fora / MG there are some areas in a state of imbalance. The study area of this research, Watershed of Matirumbide Stream, located on the east side of the city is characterized by the presence of significant urban density in areas of low slope and presence of woody vegetation cover, as well as being an area recognized by problems focused on inadequate occupation and recurrent cases of landslides, especially in periods of higher rainfall. Thus, through field visits, besides the use of secondary data, we prepared a series of coverages in a GIS environment that might represent the characteristic negative attributes of this basin: the low density of woody vegetation cover, lack of open spaces of buildings, high population density, low density of income and high risk to the occurrence of landslides. These coverages were overlaid according to analysis Environmental Quality methodology proposed by Nucci (1998), based on Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, so that it could reach the main goal. The insertion of the negative attribute represented by the occurrence of landslide risk, until then, had not been used in research on Environmental Quality. Thus, we sought its analysis by manipulation of mathematical modeling, through the probabilistic model SINMAP, which enabled the creation of this representation and information for the research plan. It was found that the Watershed of Matirumbide Stream is significantly urbanized, with low density of woody vegetation cover, plus a few free spaces of buildings. Also characterized the high population density related to the low density of income, mainly found in areas with higher instability occurrence of landslides, indicating these areas at high risk to the occurrence of these events. Urban regions which showed worse Environmental Quality were the regions Nossa Senhora Aparecida and Santa Rita, attended by up to five negative attributes; urban areas have shown that were the best Environmental Quality were Bairu and Vale dos Bandeirantes regions. It was concluded that the negative relationship between population density and density along with inadequate income occupancy in hillside areas (identified with high instability), showed the most adverse condition the quality of the environment.
114

Hållbara offentliga uterum : En studie om multifunktionsmoduler för Helsingborg drivna av Öresundskraft. / Sustainable common space : A study of multifunctional modules for Helsingborg powered by Öresundskraft

John, Julia January 2018 (has links)
Studien utfördes på uppdrag av Öresundskraft och handlar om nya offentliga biogasdrivna multifunktionsmoduler som kommer att placeras i Helsingborgs nya stadsdelar i H+ området. Arbetet utfördes delvis i Helsingborg där en enkät fördelades inom stadsdelarna som omfattar H+ området.  Syftet med studien har varit att utforska hur multifunktionsmodulerna borde utformas för att kunna främja de 16 svenska miljökvalitetsmålen, för att vara attraktiva och hållbara och för att kunna främja energibeteendet hos användare. Resultaten visar att det finns olika tolkningar kring vad som gör en offentlig plats attraktiv och hållbar. Slutsatsen är att utformningen av de nya offentliga uterummen borde kunna främja måluppföljningen av de svenska miljökvalitetsmålen, om designen stödjer de. Dock behöver multifunktionsmodulerna stödjas av resterande utformning av H+ området och H+ områdets miljöprofil, för att kunna bidra till det. / The study was conducted on behalf of Öresundskraft and is about new public biogas-driven multifunctional modules that will be located in Helsingborg's new districts in the H + area. The study was carried out in Helsingborg, where a survey was distributed within the areas that comprise the H + area. The purpose of the study has been to explore how the multifunctional modules should be designed to promote the 16 Swedish environmental quality objectives, to be attractive and sustainable, and to promote the energy behavior of users. The results show that there are different interpretations of what makes a public place attractive and sustainable. The conclusion is that the design of the new public space should be able to promote the goal to follow-up the Swedish environmental quality objectives, if the design supports them. However, the multifunction modules need to be supported by the remaining design of the H + area and the H + area's environmental profile, in order to contribute to it.
115

Qualidade ambiental nos espaços livres de áreas verticalizadas da cidade de São Paulo\". / Environmental quality in free spaces of verticalized areas of the city of São Paulo

Moreno, Manuel Francisco Navarro 27 March 2001 (has links)
Este trabalho versa sobre a verticalização em São Paulo e seus impactos sobre a qualidade ambiental dos espaços livres. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a não compreensão, por parte do corpo técnico e da população em geral, dos problemas resultantes da verticalização (tais como: sombreamentos, canalização de ventos, alteração da umidade do ar, maior aquecimento e agravamento da poluição) piora a qualidade ambiental dos espaços livres. No corpo do trabalho são introduzidos os procedimentos básicos para o aprimoramento da qualidade ambiental, que devem ser conhecidos e aplicados normalmente no projeto dos espaços livres. Os espaços livres públicos, como as vias, praças e parques, assim como os espaços privados, que são os espaços livres existentes nos lotes, em torno das edificações; têm perdido sua habitabilidade em conseqüência da verticalização e do adensamento urbano, mesmo com a aplicação da atual legislação de uso e ocupação do solo. Implantada em 1972, ela gera espaços livres mais generosos do que anteriormente, com a obrigatoriedade de novos recuos e menores taxas de ocupação. Esta legislação ao determinar espaços livres um pouco maiores, cria condições para que os incorporadores agreguem, aos seus empreendimentos, equipamentos para o lazer, mesmo que essas áreas sejam ambientalmente inadequadas. A qualidade ambiental resultante é analisada sob o aspecto perceptivo-sensorial, considerando-se a influência que o Meio Urbano Verticalizado (malha viária, espaços livres, quadras, lotes e edificações) tem sobre as variáveis ambientais do Meio Natural (radiação solar, ar, água, solo, vegetação e fauna). As variáveis ambientais são analisadas em cinco regiões com bairros densamente verticalizados: a) Centro: Higienópolis; b) Norte: Freguesia do Ó; c) Sul: Moema; d) Leste: Vila Gomes Cardim; e) Oeste: Perdizes. Como resultado, são apresentadas recomendações, implementáveis no processo de projeto, para melhorar a qualidade ambiental nos espaços livres urbanos de áreas verticalizadas. / This thesis turns on the verticalization in São Paulo and its impacts on the environmental quality of free spaces. It breaks of the presupposition that the nonunderstanding, on the part of the technical body and of the population in general, of the resulting problems of the verticalization (such as shadows, canalization of winds, alteration of the humidity of the air, larger heating and worsening of the pollution) worsens the environmental quality of free spaces. In the body of the work the basic procedures are introduced to increase the environmental quality that should be known and usually applied in the project of such spaces. The public free spaces, as roads, squares and parks; as well as the private spaces, that are the existent free spaces in the lots, around the constructions; they have been losing its inhabitability in consequence of the verticalization and the increase of the urban areas, even with the application of the current legislation on use and occupation of the soil. Implanted in 1972, it generates more generous free spaces than previously, with the obligation of new recoils and smaller occupation rates. This legislation when establishing free spaces a little larger, it creates conditions so that the incorporators joins, to its enterprises, equipments for leisure, even if those areas are functionally inadequate for such, even if they never receive sun light or that make funnel-shaped and accelerate the winds. The resulting environmental quality is analyzed under the perceptive-sensorial aspect, considering the influence that the Verticalized Urban Way (its street ensemble, free spaces, blocks, lots and constructions) has on the environmental variables of the Natural Way (solar radiation, air, water, soil, vegetation and fauna). The analysis are applied to five areas with neighborhoods densely verticalized: a) Center: Higienópolis; b) North: Freguesia do Ó; c) South: Moema; d) East: Vila Gomes Cardim; e) West: Perdizes. As result, recommendations presented, to be used in the project process, to improve the environmental quality in the urban free spaces of verticalized areas.
116

Indoor Environmental Quality: Overview of the Role of Residential Homes, Environmental Hazards, and Mitigation Strategies in Human Health

Nastasi, Nicholas A. 04 October 2021 (has links)
No description available.
117

The Spatial Distribution of Industrial Production and Toxic Releases in the United States

Matthews, Todd Lee 03 May 2008 (has links)
Manufacturing in the United States has been in a period of general decline over much of the past fifty years, though this overall pattern of de-industrialization has occurred at different times and intensities in specific geographical regions. However, local officials and development experts still focus efforts on attracting manufacturing industries into their communities, an effort often referred to as “smokestack chasing.” At the same time, environmentalism has been of increasing importance in the consciousness of American citizens. One of the central concerns of environmentalists and environmentally-oriented policy makers has been the pollution generated by these manufacturing facilities. As a result of these conflicting foci and interests, an intractable dividing line has emerged between those who view manufacturing as a source of local economic growth and employment opportunities, and those who are primarily interested in environmental quality and protection. This debate, characterized as one of “jobs versus the environment,” has been a central rhetorical frame utilized by the competing sides in both the policy and academic arenas. Numerous diverse strands of thought about these issues are synthesized into three primary theoretical perspectives, each of which purports to explain the economy-environment relationship. An assessment of the empirical relationship between economic standing, change, and environmental quality conducted using a variety of data sources and analytical techniques. Significant findings emerged which can be utilized to inform the environmental social sciences as well as policy makers and communities facing these issues.
118

<b>USE OF ENERGY MONITORING TO EVALUATE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS</b>

Hongbo Lu (18419346) 22 April 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">As the urbanization trend prevails worldwide, more people are moving to major metropolitan areas, causing housing resources to be in urgent demand. Tiny homes, designed to offer a minimalist lifestyle while also addressing growing housing needs, have become increasingly popular among home seekers. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals primarily spend their time indoors, and with more people adopting work-from-home lifestyles, ensuring a high-quality, sterile, and comfortable indoor environment becomes crucial for indoor occupants. Many studies have highlighted that the activities of occupants significantly influence indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption in buildings and applying disinfectants will generate increasing amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which occupants could inhale, causing adverse health effects. Within this thesis, two studies are introduced and discussed. The first study, namely “zEDGE Living Experiments,” conducts a comprehensive evaluation of IEQ satisfaction and energy usage in the Purdue zEDGE Tiny House through real-time measurement and survey analysis. Twenty full-scale experiments were conducted during the winter season. The study first evaluates participants’ perception of IEQ factors, with thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) emerging as top priorities. It then examined energy adaptive behavior to understand maintenance of comfortable indoor conditions, noting primary adaptive strategies including heating, ventilation, and artificial lighting. The study then measured IEQ and energy consumption, evaluating occupants’ IEQ satisfaction levels. The average energy use was recorded at 10.3 kWh, with occupants generally satisfied with IEQ in the zEDGE Tiny House. Analysis indicated that heating and cooking were significant energy consumers, potentially exposing occupants to high indoor air pollutant levels in such compact living spaces. The second campaign, namely “Performance Evaluation of PID and PTR-TOF-MS,” compares the VOC detection abilities of photoionization detectors (PID) and a state-of-the-art proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). 54 controlled emission experiments were carried out among 18 different disinfectant products with main ingredients based on alcohol, lactic acid, peracetic acid/acetic acid, and botanical products. The results from time-series and correlation analyses indicate that the PID and PTR-TOF-MS were able to detect VOC signals from emission experiments. While the performances of the PID and PTR-TOF-MS were similar under experiments with alcohol-based products, the PID performed less well with products based on lactic acid and botanical products, and unsatisfactory for peracetic acid/acetic acid-based products.</p>
119

Planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guapi-Macacu: estudo da paisagem e qualidade ecológica / Environmental planning river basin Guapi-Macacu, RJ: study of landscape and ecological quality

Andréa Franco de Oliveira 01 July 2011 (has links)
Os estudos de relação entre a paisagem e a água doce vêm sendo aprofundados pela comunidade científica e pelos propositores de políticas públicas, principalmente, para atender às demandas sobre as maneiras que este sistema ambiental pode ser alterado e na identificação das implicações políticas e ecológicas destas mudanças. Quanto mais se torna intenso e diversificado o uso dos corpos hídricos e da paisagem em bacias hidrográficas maior é a necessidade de se definir formas de planejamento, gerenciamento e gestão ecológica desses ecossistemas. O completo entendimento do funcionamento e dos processos ecológicos que ocorrem em uma bacia hidrográfica exige conhecimento simultâneo de seus sistemas aquáticos e terrestres, da biodiversidade, da fisiografia, da geologia e de sua conservação, temporal e espacial. Este entendimento e conhecimento da área de interesse são vitais para proposições de instrumentos ambientais legais, como Unidades de Conservação (UCs). É muito importante que a fundamentação destas propostas tenha como eixo principal o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e das paisagens, de forma a garantir uma maior conectividade e integração entre água (doce, salobra e salgada) e terra, e seus múltiplos usos. A presente tese foi desenvolvida com base neste contexto, apresentando e aplicando metodologias integradoras, seja na ecologia de paisagem (EP), seja na relação entre os ambientes dulcícola e terrestre. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de processos para planejamento ambiental em BHs, através do diagnóstico, compreensão e análise do funcionamento e dinâmica da paisagem e de ecossistemas de rios e córregos, apoiados no uso de geotecnologias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a BHGM ocupa uma área de 1260,36 km e 204,69 km de perímetro. É uma bacia com forma mais alongada que circular (KC = 1,6144e IC =0,4747 km/km) que indica uma menor susceptibilidade a enchentes em condições normais de precipitação exceto em eventos de intensidades anômalas. O mapeamento base (2007) realizado indicou que a bacia possuía 34,86% de uso antrópico e 64,04 % de remanescente florestal. Os dados de fitofisionomia potencial indicaram predominância da classe Florestas Ombrófila Densa Submontana (40%) e de Terras Baixas (39%). Foram estabelecidas para bacia 269 unidades de paisagem (integração da geomorfologia, geologia, fitofisionomia e uso da terra e cobertura vegetal (2007)) que junto com os dados de métrica de paisagem constituíram a proposta integrativa da tese para ecologia de paisagem. Em relação à qualidade ambiental foram adotados o índice de avaliação visual (IAV), o índice multimétrico físico-químico bacteriológico e o índice biótico estendido (IBE). A comparação entre estes índices demonstrou a confirmação entre os seus resultados para a maioria dos pontos amostrados nas áreas de referência e de pelo menos dois índices para os pontos intermediários e impactados. Foram propostos também dois cenários para a bacia: um considerando as condicionantes e medidas compensatórias vinculadas à licença prévia do complexo petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ); e outro, sem considerar estas condições. O primeiro indicou a realização da restauração ecológica, seguindo as diretrizes do mapa síntese, integrada para restauração da paisagem. / Studies about relation between landscape and freshwater have been enhanced by the scientific community as by the proponents of public policies, in order to meet the demands generated from the discussion on the ways this environmental system can be modified and the identification of political and ecological implications of these changes. The stronger and more diversified uses of watercourses and landscape in their watersheds, the greater the need to define ways of planning, supervision and ecological management of these ecosystems. The complete understanding of the functioning and ecological processes that occur in a watershed requires simultaneous knowledge of their aquatic and terrestrial systems, biodiversity, physiography, geology as temporal and spatial preservation. Knowledge and understanding on the area of interest is vital for proposals of environmental legal instruments, such as Protected Areas (UCs1). It is preeminent that the rationale of these proposals has as its main axis ecosystems and landscapes functioning in order to ensure greater integration and connectivity between water (freshwater, brackish and saltwater) and land in its multiple uses. This thesis has been developed based on this context, proposing and implementing integrative methodologies, whether in landscape ecology (EP) or the interrelation between the freshwater and terrestrial environments. The study main objective was the development of processes for environmental planning in BHs by diagnosing, understanding and analyzing the landscape and ecosystems of rivers and streams functioning and dynamics, supported by geotechnologies. According to gathered results, BHGM occupies an area of 1260.36 km with 204.69 km of perimeter. It is a more oblong than circular basin (KC = 1.6144 and IC = 0.4747 km / km) indicating a lower susceptibility to flooding during normal rainfall events, except in anomalous intensities. The base mapping conducted indicated that the basin had 34.86% of anthropic use and 64.04% of remaining forest. The data indicated a predominance of the potential vegetation type of dense umbrageous sub-montane rain forest class (40%) and lowlands class (39%). There has been established 269 units for basin landscape which represents the data integration with geomorphology, geology, vegetation type and land use, and vegetation co ver (base year) which joined to the landscape metrics data formed the integrative thesis proposal for ecology landscape. This has been used as a planning tool in the proposition of ecological corridors and areas for potential sampling water quality in the basin. Regarding the environmental quality index were adopted visual rate index (IAV), the physical-chemical bacteriological multimetric index and biotic extended index (IBE). The comparison among indexes have confirmed results for most points showed in the reference areas, and at least for two indexes on intermediate and impacted points. There have also been proposed two scenarios for the basin, one considering conditions and compensatory measures concerned to the prior license for the petrochemical complex of the State of Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ) and other without any consideration of the above mentioned. The first indicated the completion of restoration projects following the guidelines of the synthesis map for integrated landscape restoration.
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Análise da qualidade ambiental urbana da cidade de Uberlândia (MG) a partir de indicadores socioambientais

Damasceno, Lorenna Lorrayne Bittencourt 25 June 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to analyze the environmental quality of the city of Uberlândia through spatialization indicators generated from data by census tract in order to pinpoint environmental inequalities, considering the discussions of environmental justice. This study on the urban environmental quality from the perspective of environmental justice, assumes that urban problems can be mitigated through the development of public policies focused on reducing environmental and socio-spatial inequalities. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a qualidade ambiental da cidade de Uberlândia por meio da espacialização de indicadores gerados a partir de dados por setor censitário, a fim de apontar desigualdades socioambientais, considerando as discussões acerca da justiça ambiental. A realização deste estudo referente à qualidade ambiental urbana sob a ótica da justiça ambiental, parte do pressuposto de que os problemas urbanos podem ser mitigados por meio da elaboração de políticas públicas centradas na redução de desigualdades socioespaciais e ambientais. / Mestre em Geografia

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