Notre réflexion postule une invention conceptuelle de l'enseignement secondaire qui se distingue d'une invention historique. À travers l'étude des débats suscités par l'élaboration de réformes ou de lois sur l'enseignement secondaire dans les États-providence, nous souhaitons démontrer que le XXe siècle est celui de l’invention philosophique de l’enseignement secondaire. Cette invention se concrétise par la constitution de modèles nationaux d’enseignement secondaire. Nous comparons le modèle républicain français aux modèles libéral anglais, nationaliste allemand, idéaliste italien, libéral états-unien et social-démocrate finlandais. Ces modèles nationaux, aux traditions culturelles et idéologiques différentes, sont confrontés, tout au long du XXe siècle, à des enjeux communs quant à l’accueil et à l’éducation de l’adolescence. Notre réflexion s’étend jusqu’à l’entrée dans le XXIe siècle, par la mise en évidence d’un modèle international d’enseignement secondaire, qui tend à influencer – voire à dissoudre – les modèles nationaux. Nous proposons d’interpréter les processus successifs de démocratisation et de modernisation, de féminisation et de mixité, d'égalité des chances et de mise en place de l'école unique, comme trois phases d'une invention philosophique du secondaire et comme trois moments constitutifs des modèles nationaux d'enseignement secondaire ; modèles qui se trouvent mis en danger à l’entrée dans le XXIe siècle. / This reflexion postulates a conceptual invention of secondary education which differs from a historical invention. The study of the debates which followed the development of reforms or laws on secondary education in welfare states, demonstrates that the twentieth century is the century of the philosophical invention of secondary education. This invention materializes in the formation of national models of secondary education. This work proposes to compare the French Republican model to the English liberal model, the nationalist German model, the idealistic italian model, the liberal model of the United States of America and the social democratic Finnish model. Throughout the twentieth century, these national models, with different cultural and ideological traditions, face,with common issues regarding the reception and education of adolescence. This reflexion extends to the entry into the twenty-first century, highlighting an international model of secondary education, which tends to influence – or even to dissolve – the national models. The successive processes of democratization and modernization, feminization and coeducation, equal opportunities and implementation of the comprehensive school, are interpreted as three phases of a philosophical invention of the secondary education and as three moments constituting national models of secondary education ; models which are in danger at entry into the twenty-first century.

Diploma thesis is focused on understanding the causes of gender pay gap, especially in connection with parenthood and related differences between male and female qualification- and career development and their respective time schedule. Using statistical methods and software instruments Statgraphics and Microsoft Excel the thesis attempts to describe the influence of parenthood and other significant factors such as age, education, occupational status or work field on economic activity and total personal income with respect to gender pay gap.

This master thesis examines gender differences in the labor market. The thesis aim is to find out whether the different status of men and women is due to discriminatory behavior. The theoretical part deals with basic concepts, theories, economic and legislative measures of gender discrimination. The practical part analyzes the different employment of women and men in the labor market. It then focuses on wage differences between men and women at the national level and at EU level. A separate chapter is dedicated to analyzing the factors of wage differences. The last chapter focuses on women in managerial and political positions.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the strategy of selected private sector organization in the field of work - life balance and to propose measures to improve the current situation. The thesis specifies terms such as role conflict in the framework of work-life balance, gender and equal opportunities policy, the “flexicurity” concept as well as outlines a variety of measures leading to work-life balance. During the analysis, investigation via questionnaire and interview with manager of the relevant organization has been used. Based on acquired results, specific measures leading to more effective balance of work and personal life of employees of selected organization, including financial aspects of their introduction, has been proposed in the conclusion of this thesis.

Anhand von statistischen Angaben von Frau Dr. Vo Thi Ngoc Lan wird ein Blick auf die Gleichstellungsarbeit in der soz. Republik Vietnam im Allgemeinen und an der Technisch-Pädagogischen Universität Ho Chi Minh Stadt im Speziellen geworfen. Sowohl in Vietnam als auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland besteht in mancherlei Hinsicht noch ein Ungleichgewicht der Geschlechter. Somit besteht im Bereich der Sicherung einer echten Chancengleichheit der Geschlechter noch Handlungsbedarf, wie im Beitrag gezeigt wird.

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem gesellschaftlichen Auftrag an Kindertagesstätten zur Kompensation von Chancenungerechtigkeit im Aufwachsen und dem Stand der Umsetzung in Dresden. Zunächst wurde herausgearbeitet, welche Leitideen einem solchen Chancenausgleich zugrunde liegen, sowie eine spezifisch kindzentrierte Sozialraumanalyse angefertigt. Danach wurde analysiert, welches Wissen zur Umsetzung der Leitideen die gängigen Kita-Ausbildungen vermitteln. Mittels einer eigenen Erhebung unter 150 ErzieherInnen wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit Kita-Fachkräfte unterschiedlicher Berufsabschlüsse divergente Prioritäten hinsichtlich der Umsetzung der Leitideen setzen und ob sich ihre Sicht auf die gesellschaftliche Anerkennung nach Sozialraumkategorien unterscheidet. Ergänzend wurden 36 Experteninterviews zur Außenwahrnehmung der Kita-Arbeit durchgeführt. Die Arbeit bezieht sich auf den kulturtheoretischen Ansatz Bourdieus.:1. Problemstellung und forschungsmethodisches Vorgehen 1.1 Die Förderung von Chancengerechtigkeit als gesellschaftlicher Auftrag an die Kindertagesstätten 1.2 Forschungsfragen des Vorhabens 1.3 Theorierahmen 1.4 Forschungsmethodisches Vorgehen und Aufbau der Arbeit 1.5 Gender-Grammatik 2. Leitideen zur Verbesserung der Chancengerechtigkeit im Aufwachsen 2.1 Politische und gesellschaftliche Erwartungen an die Arbeit der Kindertagesstätten 2.2 Die Sicht von Stakeholdern auf die Möglichkeiten der Kindertagesstätte 3. Lokale Ungleichverteilung von Kapital als Basis der Aufwachsensbedingungen von Kindern 3.1 Geografischer und sozialer Raum 3.2 Indikatoren für eine kindzentrierte Sozialraumanalyse 3.3 Kindzentrierte Sozialraumanalyse für Dresden 3.4 Zusammenfassung 4. Im Kita-Fachkraftschlüssel zugelassene Berufsabschlüsse und das ausbildungsvermittelte Wissen 4.1 Professionalisierung und Feminisierung – in der Elementarpädagogik jahrhundertelang zwei Seiten einer Medaille 4.2 Die heutigen Qualifikationsanforderungen an eine pädagogische Fachkraft 4.3 Ausbildungen auf dem Gebiet der DDR vor 1990 4.4 Heutige Fachschulausbildungen 4.5 Fachkräfte mit akademischen Abschlüssen in der Kita 4.6 Zusammenfassung 5. Empirische Ergebnisse – Akzeptanz und Umsetzung der Leitideen in Dresdner Kitas 5.1. Vorbereitung und Durchführung der empirischen Untersuchung 5.2 Ergebnisse der empirischen Erhebung 5.3 Zusammenfassung 6. Fazit

The thesis "Discrimination of older persons in their access to employment"focuses on the discrimination problem of persons over 50 years of age when they look for a job. The discrimination is one of the factors that prevent older persons from entering the labor market, which affects not only those persons but the whole society as well. At first, the thesis determines the theoretical concepts, which it comes from. Those concepts go through the whole thesis. Further on, it outlines a brief survey of national and European legal norms that deal with the given problem. It also introduces institutions that manage the problem and that we can contact in case of encounter with discrimination. In the next part, the thesis focuses on the negative aspects of discrimination and on the occurrence frequency of discrimination itself in the Czech Republic, particularly in the job advertisements and during job interviews. The practical part of the thesis concentrates on the discrimination of person over 50 in the district of Teplice, both from the point of view of the unemployed persons and the employees of the Labor Office. The final part identifies main fields of problems, which it propose possible solutions for.

Promoting equal opportunity - competition "Office of the 2009". The theme of this thesis is the competition "Fifty-fifty" - respect for equal opportunities of women and men that emerged at the initiative of NGO Gender Studies, o.p.s. and the Ministry of Interior. The theoretical part focuses on the theoretical foundations and legislative basis of equal opportunities for women and men. I also represent an institutional apparatus that may serve as the basis when asserting the equal opportunities, including basic documents. I also refer to the non-state sector activities and individual types of instruments for promoting equal opportunities. For the context of the competition, the activities of the coordinator of gender equality issues in the Ministry of Interior, which are also the part of the theoretical part, are also important. The empirical part focuses mainly on the methodology of the survey which I used when setting up a new questionnaire for the purposes of the competition. It is the setting of the improved questionnaire that would enable easy evaluation is also the goal of my thesis.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Arts Department of Adult Education Program: Pedagogy Zuzana Krištofová The Analysis of Working Environment in terms of Diversity Management and its Implementation in Corporate Practice Abstract thesis supervisor: Doc. PaedDr. Ludvík Eger, CSc. 2012 ABSTRACT The present doctoral thesis deals with diversity management and clarifies its concepts. The objectives of the thesis include comprehensive characterisation of diversity management as an element of corporate culture, description of roles of managers, departments of human resources and the role of the top management. Additional goals include charting the current scheme of diversity training and describing the inter-relations between corporate culture and diversity management. The chapter devoted to concrete case studies explores the current situation in the field with the aim to provide its analysis and evaluation. The thesis consists of three sections (focused on the theoretical framework, theoretical-research aspects and the research itself) and comprises seven thematic chapters. Throughout the thesis, interrelationships with management of human resources, corporate culture, management-oriented training, as well as the appreciation of diversity are highlighted. The thesis provides comparison between equal...

No / After many years of equal opportunities legislation, motherhood still limits womens' career progress even in a feminized occupation such as nursing. While the effect of motherhood, working hours, career breaks and school aged children upon career progression has been discussed widely, its actual scale and magnitude has received less research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these factors individually and cumulatively. Design/methodology/approach: This paper considers the impact of the above through a longitudinal analysis of a demographically unique national database, comprising the 46,565 registered nursing workforces in NHS Scotland from 2000-2008. The variables examined include gender, employment grades, number and length of career breaks, lengths of service, age, working patterns, the number and age of dependent children. Findings: The results indicate: motherhood has a regressively detrimental effect on women's career progression. However, this is a simplistic term which covers a more complex process related to the age of dependent children, working hours and career breaks. The degree of women's restricted career progression is directly related to the school age of the dependent children: the younger the child the greater the detrimental impact. Women who take a career break of greater than two years see their careers depressed and restricted. The results confirm that whilst gender has a relatively positive effect on male career progression; a women's career progression is reduced incrementally as she has more children, and part-time workers have reduced career progression regardless of maternal or paternal circumstances. Originality/value: This paper is the only example internationally, of a national workforce being examined on this scale and therefore its findings are significant. For the first time the impact of motherhood upon a women's career progression and the related factors; dependent children, career breaks and part-time working are quantified. These findings are relevant across many areas of employment and they are significant in relation to broadening the debate around equal opportunities for women. Purpose - After many years of equal opportunities legislation, motherhood still limits womens' career progress even in a feminized occupation such as nursing. While the effect of motherhood, working hours, career breaks and school aged children upon career progression has been discussed widely, its actual scale and magnitude has received less research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these factors individually and cumulatively. Design/methodology/approach - This paper considers the impact of the above through a longitudinal analysis of a demographically unique national database, comprising the 46,565 registered nursing workforces in NHS Scotland from 2000-2008. The variables examined include gender, employment grades, number and length of career breaks, lengths of service, age, working patterns, the number and age of dependent children. Findings - The results indicate: motherhood has a regressively detrimental effect on women's career progression. However, this is a simplistic term which covers a more complex process related to the age of dependent children, working hours and career breaks. The degree of women's restricted career progression is directly related to the school age of the dependent children: the younger the child the greater the detrimental impact. Women who take a career break of greater than two years see their careers depressed and restricted. The results confirm that whilst gender has a relatively positive effect on male career progression; a women's career progression is reduced incrementally as she has more children, and part-time workers have reduced career progression regardless of maternal or paternal circumstances. Originality/value - This paper is the only example internationally, of a national workforce being examined on this scale and therefore its findings are significant. For the firs time the impact of motherhood upon a women's career progression and the related factors - dependent children, career breaks and part-time working are quantified. These findings are relevant across many areas of employment and they are significant in relation to broadening the debate around equal opportunities for women.