De quelle manière l’urbanisme opérationnel se confronte-t-il aux les évolutions contemporaines des mouvements urbains de contestation et des rhétoriques politiques sur le développement durable et participatif ? Cette thèse part du constat d’un processus d’institutionnalisation en cours depuis les années 1970 de plusieurs mouvements sociaux et critiques de l’urbanisme promouvant la place des citadins dans la construction de la ville. Ce processus est analysé et situé à travers une ethnographie menée dans le contexte emblématique des transformations récentes du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne. Le pari de ce travail est de mettre en place une observation de situations d’interaction entre groupes d’acteurs qui sont généralement regardés séparément : les associations impliquées dans des processus de concertation, les groupes engagés dans l’occupation d’espaces en friche, les décideurs et techniciens des grands projets d’aménagement urbain, les collectifs d’artistes et architectes promouvant l’art urbain et la participation. À travers l’analyse des justifications et des (més)ententes que ces acteurs mobilisent dans la négociation autour des projets en cours, ce qui se profile est la naissance de formes de contre-pouvoirs instituées. Ces dernières sont encadrées dans des dispositifs qui agissent sur la valorisation de l’incertitude dans les imaginaires urbains, sur l’affirmation ambiguë de la catégorie de l’« habitant » comme sujet-objet de la transformation et sur la construction de temporalités intercalaires et événementielles comme nouveaux paradigmes de la planification. Ce qui résulte de notre analyse est un questionnement autour des convergences entre autogestion libertaire et néolibéralisme urbain, et autour du rapport entre urbanisme technique et critique urbaine. / In which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism.

Dans un contexte de remise en cause de la présence animale au sein des sociétés humaines, cette thèse propose une analyse des conditions et des implications du vivre-ensemble entre les éléphants et les Khamti dans le Nord-Est indien. L’approche retenue se situe à la croisée de l’anthropologie des humains et des non-humains, de l’anthropologie de la nature, de l’anthropologie de la conservation, ainsi que de la sociologie et de la clinique du travail. L’enquête se base sur un travail ethnographique qui a pris en compte la participation et l’engagement intersubjectif des Khamti et des pachydermes. Elle traite des différents aspects du vivre-ensemble avec les éléphants : depuis la naissance, qui passe par la capture et la socialisation d’un éléphant de forêt, jusqu’à la manière dont évoluent et perdurent les liens initialement noués au travail. Élargissant l’objet d’étude à l’échelle nationale indienne et au sort des éléphants vivant à l’état de liberté naturelle, une réflexion est menée sur le devenir du vivre-ensemble. Les conclusions soulignent la centralité du travail dans les liens entre les Khamti et les éléphants. De manière plus générale, la thèse ouvre un questionnement sur la place des animaux dans les sociétés humaines. Concernant l’éléphant d’Asie, face aux effets pervers des projets de conservation engagés en faveur de l’espèce (menacée d’extinction) et contre les campagnes menées pour « libérer » les éléphants vivant parmi les hommes, les Khamti, en travaillant avec ces animaux, pérennisent leurs relations avec eux et apparaissent comme étant les meilleurs protecteurs des éléphants et, potentiellement, les meilleurs conservateurs de l’espèce aujourd’hui. / In a context of called into question the presence of animals within human societies, this thesis proposes an analysis of the conditions and implications of living together between elephants and the Khamtis in Northeast India. The approach adopted is at the crossroads of the anthropology of humans and non-humans, the anthropology of nature, the anthropology of conservation, as well as the sociology and clinic of work. The survey is based on an ethnographic work that took into account the participation and the intersubjective engagement of the Khamtis and the pachyderms. It deals with various aspects of living together with elephants: since the birth, which involves the capture and socialization of a forest elephant, to the way in which links initially tied evolve and persist in their work. Expanding the scope of the study on the Indian national level and on the fate of elephants living in a state of natural liberty, a reflection on the future of living together is made. The conclusions stress the centrality of work in the relationships between elephants and the Khamtis. More generally, this thesis opens a questioning of animal's place in human societies. Regarding the Asian elephant, against the side effects of conservation projects committed to the species (endangered) and against the campaigns to "liberate" the animals living among men, the Khamtis, by working with those animals, perpetuate their relationships with them and appear to be the best protectionists of elephants and, potentially, the best conservationists of the species nowadays.

No description available.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:33Z No. of bitstreams: 5 3.pdf: 1293801 bytes, checksum: 8df08be550789bd3f1c5c25b92deba50 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:19:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 3.pdf: 1293801 bytes, checksum: 8df08be550789bd3f1c5c25b92deba50 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 3.pdf: 1293801 bytes, checksum: 8df08be550789bd3f1c5c25b92deba50 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A turfeira ? formada pelo ac?mulo em sucess?o de restos vegetais, em locais que apresentam condi??es que inibem a atividade de microrganismos decompositores, como excesso de umidade, baixo pH, escassez de oxig?nio e temperaturas amenas. Em Diamantina, esse pedoambiente ? encontrado na ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental - APA Pau-de-Fruta, situada a 6 km da sede do munic?pio, a uma altitude m?dia de 1366 m. A APA est? inserida na Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, sua litologia ? predominantemente quartz?tica e a vegeta??o ? t?pica de campo rupestre, com pequenas ilhas de cerrado denominadas cap?es, que se adaptaram ao ambiente hidrom?rfico. O ambiente ? oligotr?fico e apresenta elevados teores de Al3+ e valores de satura??o por alum?nio. As turfeiras formadas nessa ?rea apresentam verticalmente uma estrutura bem definida, sendo que as camadas mais superficiais foram classificadas, de acordo com seu est?gio de decomposi??o, como f?bricas, as intermedi?rias como h?micas e as camadas mais profundas, como s?pricas. A turfeira, por ser um ambiente de ac?mulo de mat?ria org?nica em condi??es de baixa atividade de O2, favorece a forma??o e a manuten??o de subst?ncias h?micas, sobretudo as fra??es menos sol?veis, de forma que o teor de humina ? maior que os teores de ?cidos h?micos que, por sua vez, s?o maiores que o teor de ?cidos f?lvicos. A turfeira, devido ao seu comportamento tipo esponja, apresenta grande import?ncia na din?mica da ?gua nessa regi?o, de forma que, nos per?odos chuvosos, ela armazena ?gua em seus poros e a libera de forma gradativa com o passar do tempo. A turfeira da APA Pau-de-Fruta ocupa 81,75 ha, armazena cerca de 629.782 m3 de ?gua e estoca em torno de 33.129 toneladas de carbono. Dessa forma, a turfeira da APA Pau-de-Fruta representa um consider?vel reservat?rio natural de ?gua, bem como o importante ambiente de sequestro de carbono e ? fundamental para o abastecimento de ?gua da cidade de Diamantina. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2009. / ABSTRACT The Peat Bog is formed by the accumulation in succession of crop residues in places with conditions that inhibit the activity of microbial decomposers, such as excessive moisture, low pH, lack of oxygen and mild temperatures. In Diamantina, this is found in the Environmental Protection Area - EPA Pau-de-Fruta, situated 6 km from the headquarters of the city, at an average altitude of 1,366 m. The EPA is inserted in the Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, its lithology is predominantly quartz and its vegetation is typical of rocky field, with small islands of ?cerrado? (vegetation of the Brazilian interior) called ?cap?es?, which are adapted to the hydromorphic environment. The environment is oligotrophic and offers high levels of Al3+ and the values of saturation by aluminum. The bogs formed in this area have a vertically well-defined structure and, according to their stage of decomposition, the more superficial layers were classified as ?f?bricas?, the intermediate layers as ?h?micas?, and the deeper layers as ?s?pricas?. The bog, being an environment of accumulation of organic material under conditions of low activity of O2, promotes the formation and maintenance of wet substances, especially the less soluble fractions, so that the content of humin is greater than the levels of humic acids which in turn are greater than the content of fulvic acids. The bog, because of its behavior type sponge, has great importance in the dynamics of water in this region, so that in rainy periods it stores water in its pores and releases it gradually over the time. The bog of the EAP Pau-de-Fruta occupies 81.75 ha, stores about 629,782 m3 of water and stocks around 33,129 tonnes of carbon. Thus, the bog of of the EAP Pau-de-Fruta is a considerable natural reservoir of water, and an important environment of carbon sequestration and it is essential for the supply of water for the city of Diamantina.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-16T17:56:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T19:32:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES). / Anglo American / Com o intuito de gerar informa??es para produ??o de mudas direcionadas ? projetos de restaura??o de Matas de Galeria, objetivou-se neste estudo, descrever a morfologia e aspectos biom?tricos do fruto e da semente, as caracter?sticas morfofuncionais e desenvolvimento da pl?ntula, e obter a classifica??o fisiol?gica quanto a capacidade de armazenamento das sementes da Richeria grandis Vahl. Verificou-se tamb?m a influ?ncia de diferentes composi??es de substratos e n?veis de redu??o solar sob a emerg?ncia de pl?ntulas e crescimento de mudas via propaga??o sexuada e a viabilidade da t?cnica de miniestaquia na propaga??o assexuada da R. grandis, submetidas a diferentes concentra??es do regulador de crescimento ?cido indolbut?rico (AIB). A coleta de sementes ocorreu em 18 ?rvores-matrizes estabelecidas em Matas de Galeria inund?veis localizadas no Parque Estadual do Biribiri, Diamantina, MG e, todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em Viveiro Florestal e laborat?rio de Sementes pertencente ao Centro Integrado de Propaga??o de Esp?cies Florestais (CIPEF- UFVJM). A caracteriza??o morfol?gica e biom?trica de frutos e sementes se deu por observa??es a olho nu e mensura??es utilizando um paqu?metro universal. A fim de observar o comportamento fisiol?gico, sementes rec?m beneficiadas desta esp?cie foram armazenadas em sacos de papel ao ar livre, e foram submetidas a testes de germina??o e umidade (%) periodicamente. As caracter?sticas morfofuncionais foram observadas, a olho nu, mediante processo de desenvolvimento (desde a protrus?o radicular, emerg?ncia at? o surgimento do primeiro prot?filo) em laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o. Utilizou-se tr?s composi??es de substratos e tr?s n?veis de sombreamento para testar o efeito destas combina??es sobre a qualidade de mudas jovens da R. grandis, para tal, foi mensurado ao longo de 210 dias, a altura, di?metro do coleto, n?mero de folhas, clorofila total e biomassas secas. Por fim, a base de estacas apicais provenientes de mudas jovens resgatadas em ambiente natural da R. grandis, foram emergidas em quatro concentra??es de AIB e avaliadas aos 90 dias, mensurando o incremento em altura e di?metro, sobreviv?ncia (%), enraizamento (%), calogenia (%) e brota??es (%). Ressalta-se que, para todos os experimentos, os princ?pios b?sicos da experimenta??o (repeti??o, casualiza??o e controle local) foram atendidos, utilizando diferentes delineamentos experimentais. Diferentes ferramentas para an?lise estat?stica tamb?m foram utilizadas para auxiliar na tomada de decis?o. O fruto da R. grandis ? simples, seco, do tipo c?psula, deiscente, com comprimento m?dio de 16,24 mm e largura m?dia de 8,57mm. A semente ? elipsoide com presen?a de sarcotesta, apresentando comprimento m?dio de 7,40mm e largura m?dia de 4,57 mm. A R. grandis apresenta sementes recalcitrantes, a emerg?ncia ? do tipo Fanero-ep?geo-foli?ceo, e o processo de desenvolvimento para a semente se tornar uma pl?ntula completa delonga por, no m?nimo, 50 dias. Os substratos compostos por diferentes propor??es de vermiculita, casca de arroz e Bioplant?, associado com os sombreamentos 30 e 50% foram respons?veis por promover mudas da R. grandis de melhor qualidade. A t?cnica de propaga??o vegetativa por miniestaquia ? vi?vel, uma vez que houve 100% de sobreviv?ncia e alta porcentagem de enraizamento at? para o tratamento sem adi??o do AIB. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and biometric aspects of the fruit and seed, the morphofunctional characteristics and development of the seedling, and to obtain the classification the storage capacity of the seeds of Richeria grandis Vahl. It was also verified the influence of different compositions of substrates and levels of solar reduction under the emergence of seedlings and growth of seedlings via sexual propagation and the viability of the technique of minicache in the asexual propagation of R. grandis, submitted to different concentrations of the regulator of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth. Seed collection occurred in 18 matrix trees established in flooded Forest Mills located in Biribiri State Park, Diamantina, MG, and all experiments were conducted in Forest Nursery and Seed Laboratory belonging to the Integrated Center for the Propagation of Forest Species ( CIPEF-UFVJM). The morphological and biometric characterization of fruits and seeds was by naked eye observations and measurements using a universal caliper. In order to observe the physiological behavior, freshly harvested seeds of this species were stored in paper bags in the open air and germinated and tested (%) periodically. The morphofunctional characteristics were observed in the laboratory and in the greenhouse by means of a developmental process (from root protrusion, emergence until the first protophyte). Three compositions of substrates and three levels of shading were used to test the effect of these combinations on the quality of R. grandis young seedlings. The height, collection diameter, number of leaves , total chlorophyll and dry biomass. Finally, the base of apical cuttings from young saplings rescued in the natural environment of R. grandis, were emerged in four concentrations of IBA and evaluated at 90 days, measuring the increase in height and diameter, survival (%), rooting (% ), calogenia (%) and sprouts (%). It should be noted that for all experiments, the basic principles of experimentation (repetition, randomization and local control) were met using different experimental designs. Different tools for statistical analysis were also used to aid in decision making. The fruit of R. grandis is simple, dry, capsule type, dehiscent, with an average length of 16.24 mm and an average width of 8.57 mm. The seed is ellipsoid with presence of sarcotesta, presenting an average length of 7.40 mm and an average width of 4.57 mm. R. grandis presents recalcitrant seeds, the emergence is of the Fanero-epigene-foliaceous type, and the development process for the seed becomes a complete seedling delonged for at least 50 days. The substrates composed of different proportions of vermiculite, rice husk and Bioplant ?, associated with shading 30 and 50% were responsible for promoting R. grandis seedlings of better quality. The technique of vegetative propagation by minicutting is feasible, since there was a 100% survival and a high percentage of rooting even for the treatment without addition of AIB.

Submitted by Gabriela Guimarães Jeronimo (gabriela.ggj@gmail.com) on 2018-11-01T01:11:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - GABRIELA GUIMARÃES JERONIMO.pdf: 7867662 bytes, checksum: a82a338630b27b520a0f46577ce985bc (MD5) / Rejected by Aline Aparecida Matias null (alinematias@fclar.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1) Ficha catalográfica: seu nome deve aparecer como está na Página de Rosto e na Folha de Aprovação. Sendo assim na entrada da ficha fica: Jeronimo, Gabriela Guimarães e no corpo da ficha Gabriela Guimarães Jeronimo. 2) Agradecimentos: De acordo com a PORTARIA CAPES n. 206, de 4 de setembro de 2018 (http://pesquisa.in.gov.br/imprensa/jsp/visualiza/index.jsp?data=05/09/2018&jornal=515&pagina=22), que dispõe sobre a obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES, o agradecimento à agência de fomento deverá aparecer da seguinte forma: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001". Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-11-01T18:32:55Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gabriela Guimarães Jeronimo (gabriela.ggj@gmail.com) on 2018-11-01T19:29:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELA GUIMARÃES JERONIMO - TESE.pdf: 7859403 bytes, checksum: 9bbeff9ac4d7ed074203fdb02c6f853b (MD5) / Rejected by Aline Aparecida Matias null (alinematias@fclar.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1) Agradecimentos: A frase deve ser exatamente a que aparece na Portaria n. 206, de 4 de setembro de 2018 (http://pesquisa.in.gov.br/imprensa/jsp/visualiza/index.jsp?data=05/09/2018&jornal=515&pagina=22), que dispõe sobre a obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES, o agradecimento à agência de fomento deverá aparecer da seguinte forma: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001". Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-11-01T19:49:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gabriela Guimarães Jeronimo (gabriela.ggj@gmail.com) on 2018-11-01T20:09:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - GABRIELA GUIMARÃES JERONIMO.pdf: 7857927 bytes, checksum: 5d2030ce15663d022c15c22667afb9e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Maria Rodrigues null (milena@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-11-12T20:49:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jeronimo_gg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 7857927 bytes, checksum: 5d2030ce15663d022c15c22667afb9e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T20:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jeronimo_gg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 7857927 bytes, checksum: 5d2030ce15663d022c15c22667afb9e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Le concept de définition, ainsi que la relation entre les mots et les choses sont des thèmes discutés depuis longtemps, et ne sont pas encore complètement épuisés parmi les théoriciens qui se consacrent à les étudier. A partir de la Lexicologie et de son interface avec d'autres domaines du savoir, en particulier, la Lexicographie, l'Anthropologie, l'Histoire et la Sociologie, nous proposons de mener une recherche dont les objets d’enquête sont des types particuliers de définition employés oralement par les locuteurs au fur et à mesure qu’ils décrivent les éléments de la flore. Pour la constitution du corpus oral, il a fallu, d'abord, mener des recherches sur le terrain dans sept municipalités situées dans la région sud-est de l'État de Goiás. Nous avons interviewé deux femmes et deux hommes dans chaque localité, représentant le total de vingt-huit personnes, la majorité âgée de plus de soixante ans. En plus d'appartenir, quasiment, à la même génération, un autre point commun est le fait que leur histoire de vie est traversée par la relation avec la campagne avant et après l'exode rural qui a commencé dans les terres de Goiás en 1980. Notre objectif principal est d'analyser les procédures linguistiques utilisées par les dames et messieurs dans la constitution des définitions qui font référence aux plantes de la région. Plus précisément, ce travail propose : i) de comparer les définitions faites par nos interlocuteurs avec celles enregistrées dans la base de données du Dictionnaire Historique du Brésil (DHPB), qui se compose des textes et des documents les plus variés ; ii) discuter de la relation entre le lexique, la culture et la société à partir du corpus de recherche ; iii) souligner les différences entre les savoirs des personnes interviewées et le savoir basilaire des définitions enregistrées dans la base de données de la DHPB datée du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et de la première décennie du XIXe siècle; iv) proposer une typologie définitionnelle qui réponde aux particularités du corpus oral. Le corpus est organisé sur la base de la proposition Begriffssystem (HALLIG ; WARTBURG, 1963), dans laquelle la séquence d'apparition des unités lexicales est basée sur la logique du locuteur, c'est-à-dire, la relation des sujets de la recherche avec les plantes est ce qui définit l’ordre dans lequel les unités lexicales sont disposées et non celle alphabétique. Quant aux procédures d'analyse, nous avons fait la comparaison entre les définitions extraites de la base de données du DHPB et celles extraites du corpus oral transcrit, où nous avons observé les similitudes dans l'utilisation des éléments paralexicographiques qui introduisent les processus de description; séparément, nous avons analysé certaines des unités lexicales qui ne sont pas enregistrées dans la base de données, afin de saisir les particularités et les subjectivités impliquées dans la construction des définitions formulées par nos interlocuteurs, les comprenant en tant que lieu où se matérialisent les savoirs et les mémoires des locuteurs qui, linguistiquement, les formulent. Enfin, sur la base des discussions théoriques que nous avons menées, notamment, Biderman (1984), Blinkstein (1938), Certeau (1998), Geertz (1997, 2008, 2009), Martin (1988), Mignolo, (2003), Murakawa (2005, 2014, 2016), Paula (2007), Pollak (1889), Rey-Debove (1984), Rey (1988), nous proposons une typologie définitionnelle qui puisse embrasser ces cas particuliers que nous appelons la « définition de seuil ». / O conceito de definição, bem como a relação entre as palavras e as coisas são temas discutidos há bastante tempo e, ainda assim, não são assuntos completamente esgotados entre os teóricos que dedicam-se a estudá-los. A partir da Lexicologia e sua interface com outros campos do saber, em especial, a Lexicografia, a Antropologia, a História e a Sociologia, propomo-nos realizar uma pesquisa cujo objeto de investigação são tipos peculiares de definição empregados oralmente pelos falantes ao descreverem elementos da flora. Para constituição do corpus oral foi necessário, primeiro, a realização da pesquisa de campo que ocorreu em sete municípios localizados na região sudeste do estado de Goiás. Entrevistamos duas mulheres e dois homens em cada lugar, somando um total de vinte e oito pessoas, a maioria com idade acima de sessenta anos. Além de pertencerem, praticamente, à mesma geração, outro ponto que têm em comum é o fato de suas histórias de vida estarem atravessadas pela relação com o campo antes e depois do êxodo rural que, nas terras goianas, iniciou-se em 1980. Nosso objetivo principal é analisar os procedimentos linguísticos utilizados pelas senhoras e senhores na constituição das definições referentes às plantas da região. Mais especificamente, este trabalho se propõe: i) comparar as definições realizadas pelos nossos interlocutores àquelas registradas no banco de dados do Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil (DHPB) que é constituído pelos mais variados textos e documentos; ii) discutir a relação entre léxico, cultura e sociedade a partir do corpus de pesquisa; iii) apontar diferenças entre os saberes dos entrevistados e o saber basilar das definições registradas no banco de dados do DHPB com datação localizada desde o século XVI até o XVIII, e o primeiro decênio do XIX; iv) propor uma tipologia definicional que atenda às particularidades do corpus oral. O corpus está organizado com base na proposta do Begriffssystem (HALLIG; WARTBURG, 1963), em que a sequência de aparição das unidades lexicais está pautada na lógica do falante, isto é, a relação dos sujeitos da pesquisa com as plantas é quem define a ordem em que as unidade lexicais estão dispostas e não a alfabética. Quanto os procedimentos de análise, fizemos a comparação entre as definições extraídas do banco de dados do DHPB e àquelas retiradas do corpus oral transcrito, onde observamos as semelhanças no uso dos elementos paralexicográficos que introduzem os processos de descrição; separadamente, analisamos algumas das unidades léxicas que não se encontram registradas no banco de dados, no intuito de apreender as particularidades e subjetividades envolvidas na construção das definições formuladas por nossos interlocutores, entendendo-as enquanto lugar onde se materializam os saberes e as memórias dos falantes que, linguisticamente, as formulam. Por fim, embasados pelas discussões teóricas que trouxemos, ao longo desse trabalho, especialmente, Biderman (1984), Blinkstein (1938), Certeau (1998), Geertz (1997, 2008, 2009), Martin (1988), Mignolo (2003), Murakawa (2005, 2014, 2016), Paula (2007), Pollak (1889),), Rey-Debove (1984), Rey (1988), propomos uma tipologia definicional que possa abarcar esses casos peculiares que chamamos de "definição liminar". / The concept of definition, as well as the relationship between words and things represent themes that have long been discussed, yet they are not completely exhausted among the theorists who devote themselves to studying them. From Lexicology and its interface with other fields of knowledge, in particular, Lexicography, Anthropology, History and Sociology, we propose to carry out a research whose object of investigation are peculiar types of definition used orally by the speakers in describing elements of the flora. For constitution of the oral corpus was necessary, first, the realization of field research that occurred in seven municipalities located in the southeast region of the state of Goiás. We interviewed two women and two men in each place, totaling twenty-eight people, most of them over the age of sixty. Besides belonging, practically, to the same generation, Another point they have in common is that their life histories are crossed by the relationship with the countryside before and after the rural exodus that began in the lands of Goias in 1980. Our main objective is to analyze the linguistic procedures used by the mistress and mister in the constitution of the definitions concerning the plants of the region. More specifically, this paper proposes: i ) compare the definitions made by our interlocutors with those registered in the database of the Brazilian Historical Dictionary (DHPB), which consists of the most varied texts and documents; ii ) discuss the relationship between lexicon, culture and society from the research corpus; iii) point out differences between the interviewees' knowledge and the basilar knowledge of the definitions recorded in the DHPB database with dating located from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and the first decade of the nineteenth century; iv) propose a definitive typology that meets the particularities of the oral corpus. The corpus is organized based on the Begriffssystem proposal (HALLIG; WARTBURG, 1963), in which the sequence of appearance of the lexical units is based on the logic of the speaker, that is, the relation of the subjects of the research with the plants is who defines the order in which the lexical units are arranged and not the alphabetical one. Regarding the procedures of analysis, we compared the definitions extracted from the DHPB database and those extracted from the transcribed oral corpus, where we observe the similarities in the use of the paralexicographic elements that introduce the processes of description; separately, we analyze some of the lexical units that are not registered in the database, in order to apprehend the particularities and subjectivities involved in the construction of the definitions formulated by our interlocutors, understanding them as a place where the knowledge and memories of the speakers that linguistically formulate them materialize. Finally, based on the theoretical discussions that we have brought along this work, specially, Biderman (1984), Blinkstein (1938), Certeau (1998), Geertz (1997, 2008, 2009), Martin (1988), Mignolo , Murakawa (2005, 2014, 2016), Paula (2007), Pollak (1889), Rey-Debove (1984), Rey (1988), propose a definitional typology that can cover these peculiar cases that we call the "liminal definition". / PROEX 0487

Au Brésil, historiquement, les luttes pour la terre précédent les luttes pour l'eau. Actuellement, le conflit le plus important dans la région Nord-est du Brésil est celle impliquant la «transposition du fleuve São Francisco», maintenant appelé «Projet d'Intégration du fleuve São Francisco avec les bassins du nord de la région Nord-est - PISF» qui met en place comme le plus grand conflit territorial concernant les eaux au Brésil. Le PISF est mal connue et soulève donc des questions, des doutes, des incertitudes, la peur et l'indifférence. Il ya différentes analyses à ce sujet, impliquant un ensemble d'intérêts antagonistes et convergents issus du secteur public et du secteur privé. Malgré d’inspirer critiques et des controverses entre les différents acteurs impliqués, en raison des conséquences directes et indirectes qu'elle entraîne, ce projet a permis, après des siècles, la présence de la région Nord-est et de la région Semi-aride du Brésil dans le débat national. La discussion porte sur plusieurs aspects: idéologique (transposition par rapport à l'intégration); politique et géopolitique, impliquant les etats de la fédération; universitaire (spécialistes sont positionnés en faveur ou contre le projet), économique (les différents secteurs et activités en concurrence les uns avec les autres pour le contrôle de l’eau); l'accès et l'utilisation de l'eau du fleuve; sociale, avec la participation des différents acteurs de la société civile, de l'environnement (pour la préservation / conservation et le développement durable); et religieuse, avec les divisions dans l'eglise catholique concernant ce sujet. Néanmoins, c'est un débat essentiellement géographique et territoriale. Les travaux d'PISF sont effectués dans un scénario de conflit. Cette thèse n'est pas l'intention de faire, en premier lieu, une discussion manichéenne de la lutte du «bien contre le mal", ou "la solidarité contre l'égoïsme", impliquant les états «donateurs (contre le pisf) et les états récepteurs (en faveur du PISF). Cette thèse n'a pas l'intention de présenter une déclaration de culpabilité antérieure ou de présenter des excuses pour soutenir le projet. Il se propose d'analyser cette question à partir d'un objet plus grand que leurs caractéristiques positives et négatives présentées par les promoteurs et les opposants du projet. Historiquement, les débats sur la région semi-aride du Brésil étaient basés dans les discussions relatives à la sécheresse. Au fil du temps, il ya eu peu de débats et de recherches sur les ressources en eau et de l'eau. La proposition est d'utiliser cette occasion pour faire ressortir la perception et de comprendre les points de vue et les aspirations de toutes les parties prenantes du PISF dans l'état de Paraíba (axe Est), qui englobe les organismes publics, la société civile et les acteurs locaux: toutes les villes situés dans le cours supérieur et moyen du fleuve Paraíba et du sous-bassin de la Taperoá (région semi-aride de l'État de la Paraíba), et en milieu rural (communautés situées à proximité des barrages de PISF en État de la Paraíba). Le PISF aura lieu à travers deux axes: l’axe Nord et l'axe Est. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier spécifiquement l'axe Est. La zone spatiale est l'état de Paraíba. À travers l'axe Est le PISF alimentatera artificiellement le feluve Paraíba et assurera la sécurité de l'eau pour les grands barrages et les réservoirs le long de son cours (Potions, Camalaú, Pessoa et Argemiro de Figueiredo) qui allouera les nouvelles eaux du fleuve São Francisco. L'étude part de l'hypothèse que le PISF à Paraíba (axe Est) assurera une augmentation de la quantité de l'approvisionnement en eau, cependant, ne va pas résoudre les problèmes d'approvisionnement dans la région semi-aride de l'État, ni les conflits sur l'accès et l'utilisation de l'eau dans le bassin du fleuve Paraíba, en particulier dans son cours supérieur et moyen et dans le sous-bassin de la Taperoá. L'objectif général défini est de prouver que la mise en place de l'axe Est du PISF a été motivée par l'insécurité de l'approvisionnement en eau à Campina Grande (ville de l’État de la Paraíba), et conflits liés à l'accès et à l'utilisation de l'eau à partir du réservoir de Epitácio Pessoa (Boqueirão). Son concrétude sera, principalement, l'approvisionnement en eau de cette ville et développer des activités d'irrigation dans la région de l'Agreste et du littoral par la construction du canal de l'intégration du toron côtier (Manche Acauã / Araçagi), qui favorisera aux nouveaux conflits pour l'accès et l'utilisation de l'eau dans le région semi-aride de l'état de la Paraíba. / No Brasil, ao longo do tempo, quase sempre as lutas por terra antecederam as lutas por água. No entanto, neste momento, o conflito que mais se destaca na região Nordeste é o que envolve o a “Transposição do Rio São Francisco”, atualmente nominado de “Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco com as Bacias Hidrográficas do Nordeste Setentrional – PISF”. Este configura-se como o maior conflito hidroterritorial do Brasil. Por ser ainda pouco entendido em toda sua abrangência o PISF gera questionamentos, dúvidas, incertezas, indiferenças e temor. Também confronta diferentes análises a seu respeito, colocando frente a frente um conjunto de interesses antagônicos e convergentes, tanto público quanto privado. Contudo, apesar de inspirar críticas e polêmicas entre os diversos atores envolvidos, pelas conseqüências diretas e indiretas que provoca(rá), é importante considerar que este projeto trouxe novamente, depois de séculos, o Nordeste e o semiárido brasileiro ao debate nacional, cuja discussão aborda vários aspectos: hidroideológico de transposição versus integração; político, inclusive com conteúdo partidário e eleitoral; geopolítico, envolvendo Estados da federação; acadêmico, com especialistas se posicionando a favor ou contra o projeto; econômico, onde diferentes setores e atividades competem entre si pelo controle, acesso e uso das águas do rio; social, envolvendo a participação de diversos atores da sociedade civil organizada; ambiental, pela preservação/conservação e desenvolvimento hidrosustentável; e, religioso, inclusive, com divisão da Igreja Católica em relação a essa temática. Contudo, esse é um debate, sobretudo, geográfico e mais especificamente territorial. Portanto, é nesse cenário de conflitos que estão sendo realizadas as obras do PISF. Esta tese não se propõe a fazer, prioritariamente, uma discussão maniqueísta de uma luta do “bem contra o mal”, ou dos “solidários contra os egoístas”, envolvendo os “Estados doadores (contra) e receptores (a favor)” do PISF, nem tão pouco apresentar uma prévia condenação ou fazer uma apologia de apoio ao projeto, mas, analisar essa temática a partir de um intento maior que suas características positivas e/ou negativas apresentadas pelos defensores e opositores do projeto. Afinal, historicamente os debates sobre o semiárido nordestino brasileiro sempre tiveram como referência as discussões sobre a seca, contudo, ao longo do tempo, pouco se debateu e pesquisou sobre água e recursos hídricos. A proposta é aproveitar esta oportunidade, para trazer a tona e entender a percepção, as perspectivas e os anseios de todos os atores envolvidos no PISF no Estado da Paraíba (Eixo Leste), desde órgãos do Estado, até a sociedade civil organizada, e em especial, dos atores locais: todos os municípios localizados nas regiões do alto e médio curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraíba e sub-bacia do rio Taperoá – região semiárida do Estado da Paraíba –; e as comunidades rurais instaladas a lindeira ou próximas dos açudes receptores das águas do PISF na Paraíba. O PISF se dará através de dois Eixos: o Eixo Norte e o Eixo Leste. Esta tese se propõe estudar especificamente o Eixo Leste, tendo como recorte espacial o Estado da Paraíba. Através deste Eixo, o PISF “perenizará artificialmente” o rio Paraíba (PB), e garantirá segurança hídrica as principais barragens/açudes existentes ao longo do seu curso, notadamente, Poções, Camalaú, Epitácio Pessoa (Boqueirão) e Argemiro de Figueiredo (Acauã) que aportarão “novas águas” originárias do rio São Francisco. A pesquisa parte da hipótese de que o PISF com a Paraíba (Eixo Leste) garantirá um aumento quantitativo da oferta hídrica, porém, não resolverá os problemas de abastecimento na região semiárida do Estado, e nem os conflitos pelo acesso e uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraíba, especificamente no seu alto e médio curso e sub-bacia do rio Taperoá. Para seu desenvolvimento, o objetivo geral definido é comprovar que a criação do Eixo Leste do PISF foi motivado pela insegurança hídrica de abastecimento do município de Campina Grande – PB, e pelos conflitos pelo acesso e uso da água do açude Epitácio Pessoa (Boqueirão) – PB, e que a sua concretude será prioritariamente para atender ao abastecimento desta cidade, e ao desenvolvimento de atividades agrícolas irrigadas no Agreste/Litoral do Estado a partir da construção do Canal de Integração da Vertente Litorânea (Canal Acauã/Araçagi), o que potencializará novos conflitos pelo acesso e uso da água na região semiárida do Estado. / In Brazil, historically, the struggles for land precede struggles for water. However, at this time, the most prominent conflict in the Northeast region is that involving the "transposition of the São Francisco River," now named "Project of Integration of the São Francisco River with the Basins of the north of Northeast - PISF" which sets up as the largest territorial conflict related to waters in Brazil. The PISF is poorly understood and therefore raises questions, doubts, uncertainty, fear and indifference. There are different analyzes about it, involving a set of antagonistic and converged interests from the public sector and from the private sector. Despite inspire criticism and controversy among different actors involved, because of the direct and indirect consequences it will result, this project has brought, after centuries, the Northeast region and the Brazilian semiarid region into the national debate. The discussion covers several aspects: ideological (transposition versus integration); political and geopolitical involving states of the federation; academic (specialists are positioned in favor or against the project), economical (different sectors and activities compete with each other for the control); access and use of the river water; social, involving the participation of various actors of civil society, environmental (for preservation / conservation and sustainable development), and religious, even with divisions in the Catholic Church concerning this topic. Nevertheless this is a debate mainly geographical and territorial. The works of PISF are being held in a scenario of conflict. This thesis is not intended to do, primarily, a Manichean discussion of a struggle of "good versus evil", or "solidarity against selfishness", involving the "donor states (against the PISF) and receiver states (in favor the PISF). This thesis has not the intend to present a prior conviction or to make an apology supporting the project. It intends to analyze this issue from a purpose greater than their positive and negative characteristics presented by proponents and opponents of the project. Historically, debates about the Brazilian semiarid region were based in discussions concerning the drought. Throughout time, there were few debates and research about water and water resources. The proposal is to use this opportunity to bring out the perception and understand the perspectives and aspirations of all stakeholders of PISF in the state of Paraíba (East Axis), encompassing State bodies, civil society and local actors: all districts located in the upper and middle course of the Paraíba river basin and sub-basin of Taperoá river (semiarid region of Paraíba State), and rural communities sited near dams of PISF in Paraíba state. The PISF will take place through two axes: axis North and East. This thesis proposes to study specifically the East axis and the spatial area is the state of Paraíba. Through the East axis the PISF will supply artificially the Paraíba river and will ensure water security to the major dams and reservoirs along its course (Potions, Camalaú, Pessoa and Argemiro de Figueiredo) that will allocate the new waters from the São Francisco river. The research starts from the hypothesis that the PISF in Paraíba (East axis) will ensure an increase in quantity of water supply, however, will not solve the supply problems in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, nor the conflicts over access and use of water in the basin of Paraíba river, specifically in its upper and middle course and in the sub-basin of Taperoá river. The general objective defined is to prove that the establishment of the East axis of PISF was motivated by the insecurity of water supply in Campina Grande (in Paraíba state), and conflicts over the access and use of the water from the reservoir of Epitácio Pessoa (Boqueirão). Its concreteness will be primarily to supply this city and develop irrigation activities in Agreste region and coastline by the construction of the Channel of Integration of Coastal Vertente (Channel Acauã / Araçagi), which will empower new conflicts for the access and use of water in the semiarid region of Paraíba state.

Les teneurs en éléments majeurs et trace, les isotopes Sr-Nd-Pb, les teneurs en H2O et l’isotope de l’O des phénocristaux de cpx des basaltes cénozoïques de 11 sites du Sud Est Chinois situés dans des contextes géodynamiques variables ont été mesurés pour identifier les différents composants faisant partie de leur source. Les basaltes Cénozoïques de Zhejiang se sont mi en place durant deux périodes, 20-27Ma et après 11Ma. Leurs teneurs en H2O varient de 1.3-2.6%. Les basaltes Cénozoïques du Fujian ont fait éruption il y a moins de 10 Ma. Le teneurs en H2O initial des basaltes de Shiheng s’étend de 1.3-2.4%; les diabases de Bailin ont des teneurs s en eau estimés de 1.9-2.1%, et ceux de Mingxi des teneurs es initiaux de 0.3-0.5%. Les teneurs en H2O des basaltes de sont de 1.3-2.6%. Les basaltes de Xilong (Zhejiang), Mingxi (Fujian) et Leihuling (Hainan) ont des sources mantelliques contaminées par de la croûte océanique recyclée, ceux de Gaoping et Shuangcai (Zhejiang), Shiheng, Bailin et Niutuoshan (Fujian) et Maanling, Dayang et Fujitian (Hainan) voient leurs sources mantelliques contaminées par à la fois des sédiments et la croûte océanique recyclés. Les matériaux recyclés diffèrent suivant l’âge et la localisation. En résumé, les basaltes cénozoïques SE chinois ont des signatures élémentaires et isotopiques marquées par la présence de matériaux océaniques recyclés dans leurs sources mantelliques. Les matériaux recyclés varient entre les différentes localités, tant dans leurs proportions que leur degré d’évolution. Nos résultats montrent que la plaque subductée Ouest Pacifique affecte probablement la composition du manteau sous continentale du Sud Est Chinois / The major and trace element contents, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope, H2O contents and the cpx phenocryst O isotope of Cenozoic basalts from 11 places with distinct geological backgrounds in SE China have been measured to decipher the relationship between the possible recycled components and mantle geochemical heterogeneities. Zhejiang basalts erupted in two stages, 20-27Ma and after 11Ma. Their H2O contents range from 1.3-2.6%. The estimated H2O contents of initial basaltic melts for the Shiheng basalts range from 1.3-2.4%; the Bailin diabases have “fake” basaltic melt water contents from 1.9-2.1%; and the Mingxi basalts have initial H2O contents of 0.3-0.5%, in Fujian. H2O content the basalts from Leihuling (LH), Dayang (DY) and Fujitian (FJT) areas in Hainan are 2.7 wt. %, 1.3 wt. %, and 2.6 wt. %. The Xilong basalts from Zhejiang, Mingxi basalts from Fujian and Leihuling basalts from Hainan involved recycled oceanic crust components in the mantle source, while the Gaoping and Shuangcai basalts from Zhejiang, Shiheng, Bailin, and Niutoushan basalts from Fujian as well as the Maanling, Dayang and Fujitian basalts from Hainan involved recycled oceanic sediments and crust components in their mantle source. Overall, the SE China Cenozoic basalts have involved the recycled oceanic materials in their mantle source. The recycled oceanic materials have different existential state and locations, when the geological history of SE China are considered. The subducted Pacific slab most likely effect the composition of mantle in SE China

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jovino_dfr_me_jabo.pdf: 637580 bytes, checksum: dc449a2a52a9354da867effed1512963 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sob condições de estresse hídrico, a cana-de-açúcar pode sofrer mudanças fisiológicas e bioquímicas, tais como diminuição nas atividades fotoquímicas, redução da fixação de CO2 e acúmulo de osmólitos e osmoprotetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, através da técnica de macroarranjo de cDNA, o perfil de expressão de genes promotores das diferentes vias metabólicas em palmitos da variedade de cana-de-açúcar SP80-3280 submetidas ao estresse hídrico nos dias 5, 9, 13 e 17 após o início da condição de supressão de água, sendo considerado o dia 1 como controle. Os resultados do macroarranjo mostraram que as proteínas mais expressas sob déficit hídrico pertencem a quatro categorias das quais as ESTs mais importantes foram selecionadas. As quatro categorias descritas abaixo estão discutidas neste trabalho. As ESTs da via do metabolismo de açúcar e amido (invertase de parede celular (INV), sacarose fosfato sintase (SFS), sacarose fosfato fosfatase (SFF), trealose fosfato sintase (TFS), trealose fosfato sintase/fosfatase (TFS/F) e hexoquinase (HXQ)) pertencem a categoria de bioenergética. Colina monooxigenase (CMO) e betaína aldeído desidrogenase (BADH) as quais pertencem a via do metabolismo de glicina betaína, foram selecionadas a partir da categoria do metabolismo secundário. A terceira categoria compreende as ESTs do metabolismo de aminoácido (D-pirrolina-5- carboxilato sintase (P5CS), ornithina -aminotransferase (OAT) e prolil 4-hidroxilase (PH)) as quais pertencem a via da biossíntese de prolina, e a quarta categoria, resposta ao estresse, compreende as ESTs aleno oxido sintase (AOS), aleno oxido ciclase (AOC) e lipoxigenase (LOX), pertencentes a via de biossíntese do jasmonato. / Under water deficit, sugarcane undergoes physiological and biochemical alterations such as photochemical activity reduction, CO2 fixation reduction and the accumulation of osmolytes and osmoprotectants. This work was undertaken to identify the gene expression profile in sugarcane (var. SP80-3280) under water deficit through the cDNA macroarray technique. Leafroll tissues were collected from plants subjected to 5, 9, 13 and 17 days of water restriction, and day 1 was used as control. Macroarray results showed that most proteins expressed under water restriction belong to four categories, from which the most important ESTs were selected. The four categories described below are discussed in this work. Sugar and starch metabolism pathway ESTs (cell wall invertase (CWI), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP), trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose phosphate synthase phosphatase (TSP/P) and hexoquinase (HXQ) were selected from the bioenergetics category. Choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), which belong to the glycine betaine metabolism pathway, were selected from the secondary metabolism category. The third category comprised the amino acid metabolism ESTs D- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), Ornithine - aminotransferase (OAT) and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PH), which belong to the proline biosynthesis pathway, and the fourth category, stress response, comprised the ESTs for Allene oxide synthase (AOS), Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and Lipoxygenase (LOX), which belong to the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway.

Fur (Ferric Uptake Regulator) est un régulateur transcriptionnel spécifique des bactéries qui intervient dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie du fer, ce qui en fait une cible antibactérienne intéressante. Avant mon arrivée au laboratoire, quatre inhibiteurs interagissant spécifiquement avec Fur avaient été isolés. La partie active de ces inhibiteurs consiste en des peptides de 13 acides aminés. Au cours de cette thèse, j'ai utilisé une double-approche : théorique et expérimentale pour étudier l'interaction de ces peptides avec Fur afin de comprendre le mécanisme d'inhibition. J'ai synthétisé plusieurs séquences peptidiques, montré par des tests biochimiques que certaines inhibaient Fur et déterminé les interactions importantes à l'activité inhibitrice. J'ai obtenu des modèles théoriques des complexes Fur/peptides par amarrage moléculaire, cohérents avec les résultats expérimentaux, qui ont mis en évidence une zone d'inhibition de Fur. Des criblages in silico dans cette zone ont permis de sélectionner de petites molécules, inhibitrices potentielles de Fur et donc intéressantes pour des applications thérapeutiques. / Fur (Ferric Uptake Regulator) is a transcriptional regulator involved in the control of iron homeostasis. Specific to bacteria, Fur is an attractive antibacterial target. Before my arrival in the laboratory, four inhibitors interacting specifically with Fur had been isolated. The active part of these inhibitors consists of peptides of 13 amino acids. In this thesis I have used both theoretical and experimental approaches to study interactions of these peptides with Fur in order to understand the inhibition mechanism. I have synthesized several peptide sequences, shown through biochemical assays that some of them could inhibit Fur and I have identified residues important to the inhibitory activity. I‘ve obtained theoretical models of Fur/peptide complexes consistent with experimental results, which reveal an inhibition pocket in Fur. Small molecules have then been selected though In silico screening of this pocket, that could potentially inhibit Fur, and thus be interesting for therapeutic applications.