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Ethical challenges in cross-cultural field research: a comparative study of UK and GhanaAdu-Gyamfi, Jones January 2015 (has links)
Yes / Research ethics review by ethics committees has grown in importance since the end of the Nuremberg trials in 1949. However, ethics committees have come under increasing criticisms either for been ‘toothless or too fierce’ (Fistein & Quilligan, 2012:224). This paper
presents a personal account of my experience in obtaining ethical approval for my PhD study
from a UK university and the ethical dilemmas encountered in the fieldwork in Ghana. In this
paper I question whether strict adherence to ethical guidelines developed from western
perspectives is useful in conducting research in non-western societies. As more academics are
increasingly been mandated to undertake international research, the paper argues for more flexibility in the ethical approval process to accommodate cultural differences.
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Sexuality in the therapeutic relationship : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of gay therapistsPorter, James C. January 2013 (has links)
This preface is designed to provide insight for the reader into the reasoning behind choosing these specific pieces of work to make up the doctorate portfolio and why I consider them to be important pieces, contributing to my identity and competence as a counselling psychologist. This doctorate portfolio is comprised of a selection of completed work for the Practitioner Doctorate in Counselling Psychology for The University of Wolverhampton. It contains three dossiers: Academic, therapeutic and research. In a seperate document is a confidential attachment, which is separate to this portfolio as it contains confidential information. The Academic Dossier contains essays that were submitted for the modules 'Life-span Approach' and 'Working with Couples'. Received academic feedback for these essays are provided within the confidential attachment. The Therapeutic Dossier contains two essays that were written at the last stages of the three year doctorate course, reflecting upon my perceived professional development in the 'Professional Issues' essay and an exploration of therapeutic experience on supervised placements in 'Supervised Practice', over the last three academic years. A conscious decision was also made to not edit these essays for entering into the doctorate portfolio, as they can then ideally represent a growth in writing style and academic ability, which has occurred over the course of this doctoral training. Finally the Research Dossier is composed of several chapters, including a literature review, empirical study and critical appraisal.
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Etiskt ledarskap och etiska riktlinjer : en studie av samband och påverkan på redovisningskonsulter / Ethical Leadership and Codes of Conduct : a study of the relation and impact on accounting consultantsRomby, Helena, Lindström, Therese January 2013 (has links)
Tidigare forskning har undersökt effekterna av etiskt ledarskap på redovisningsbeslut och etiska riktlinjers allmänna påverkan, men vi saknar forskning kring variablernas gemensamma påverkan på redovisningsbeslut, vilket är syftet med detta arbete. Arbetet undersöker vilken effekt etiskt ledarskap och etiska riktlinjer har när en redovisningskonsult ställs inför en komplicerad redovisningsfråga. Variablerna undersöks både individuellt och tillsammans. En enkätundersökning genomfördes bland auktoriserade redovisningskonsulter i Sverige och 142 respondenter deltog. Studien tyder på att det finns ett gemensamt inflytande av etiskt ledarskap och etiska riktlinjer på etiskt laddade redovisningsbeslut. Redovisningskonsulter tycks vara mindre benägna att bokföra en kostnadspost utan underlag när det finns ett svagt etiskt ledarskap och de inte påminns om etiska riktlinjer, jämfört med alla andra kombinationer av variablerna. Effekten av etiska riktlinjer tycks vara störst i ett svagt etiskt ledarskap. Fortsatt forskning skulle med fördel kunna inriktas på studiens resultat kring de etiska riktlinjerna och fokusera på varför de etiska riktlinjerna påverkar redovisningskonsulterna i en icke förväntad riktning. / Previous research has examined the effects of ethical leadership in accounting decisions and the general impact of codes of conduct. However, we lack research about the variables combined influences on accounting decisions, which is the aim of this work. This work examines what impact ethical leadership and codes of conduct have when an accounting consultant is confronted with a complex accounting issue. The variables is examined both alone and together. A survey was conducted among authorized accounting consultants in Sweden and 142 respondents participated. The study suggests that ethical leadership and codes of conduct has a mutual influence on ethically charges accounting decisions. Accounting consultants seem to be less likely to record a cost without documentation when there is a weak ethical leadership and they are reminded of the codes of conduct, compared to all other combination of the variables. The effect of codes of conduct have proved to be higher in a weak ethical leadership compared to a strong ethical leadership. Further research could use this study's results concerning the ethical guidelines and focus on why the codes of conduct impact accounting consultants in a non expected way.
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"I know it is Wrong but I do it Anyway" : How do Speech Interpreters Respond to Ethical Dilemmas? / "Jag vet att det är fel men jag gör det i alla fall" : Hur hanterar taltjänsttolkar etiska dilemman?Cromnow, Maria January 2012 (has links)
Interpreters working in the Speech Interpretation Service clarify speech and language that is unclear due to voice-, speech-, or language disabilities as for example dysarthria and aphasia. Ethical guidelines of interpreting in general, demand the interpreter to function neutrally and impartially. In this study, four different ethically challenging situations are presented to speech interpreters through a questionnaire. The aim is to investigate how the interpreters would deal with the situations. Eleven speech interpreters from Sweden and eleven from Finland participated in the study. Results show that a majority of respondents do not follow a strict interpretation of ethical guidelines in three of the four situations. There is no significant difference between the responses of Swedish and Finnish participants in this study. The study finds that the speech interpreters are more personally involved in the interpreted event than ethical guidelines require. A discussion is needed, about the limit of what should be included in the professional role of speech interpreters.
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Bankers etiska riktlinjer, frikopplade i praktiken? : En kvalitativ undersökning om de anställdas förhållningssätt till bankens etiska riktlinjer / Code of ethics in banks, decoupled in practice? : A qualitative survey of employees' approach to the Bank's ethical guidelinesJohnsson, Rebecca, Johnsson, Jacob January 2018 (has links)
Under de senaste åren har det gjorts flertalet ansatser till att skapa etiska koder som ska bidra till att öka det etiska handlandet i organisationer. Etik kan kommuniceras och tolkas på olika sätt, och forskningslitteraturen har beskrivit olika perspektiv och förklaringar till varför medarbetarnas förhållningssätt till ett företags etiska riktlinjer är som det är. Tidigare forskning inom frikopplingsteorin har i stor utsträckning åskådliggjort både orsaker och konsekvenser av frikoppling på organisationsnivå. Men det finns en brist på forskning som undersöker hur enskilda organisationsmedlemmars förhållningsätt påverkar frikopplingen. Det deskriptiva syftet är att undersöka skillnader mellan bankers etiska riktlinjer och medarbetarnas förhållningssätt. Det teoretiska syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera möjliga förklaringar till varför förhållningssättet är som det är. Undersökningen har en kvalitativ kundskapsansats där insamlad data består av primär data ifrån intervjuer och sekundär data ifrån bankernas etiska riktlinjer. Empirin visar på att det finns skillnader i de anställdas förhållningssätt till de etiska riktlinjerna, och resultaten visar att det förekommer frikoppling i alla tre banker. De skillnader som studien påvisar är att medarbetarnas förhållningssätt till de etiska riktlinjerna skiljer sig beroende på de etiska riktlinjernas struktur. Olika perspektiv på strukturen ger olika faktorer som påverkar de anställdas förhållningssätt och ger en frikoppling mellan handling och de etiska riktlinjerna. Studien har begränsningar då resultatet inte kan generaliseras, detta på grund av att forskningsmetoden är en kvalitativ fallstudie samt att urvalet av respondenter är relativt lågt. Tidigare forskning inom frikopplingsteori har fokuserat på hur organisationen väljer att frikoppla struktur och handling, medan vår studie beskriver hur frikoppling uppstår på mikronivå, individnivå där de anställda frikopplar de etiska riktlinjerna olika beroende på riktlinjens struktur. Detta förklarar den variation som finns i frikopplingen och som ger olika orsaker till att frikoppling sker. Vi har i denna studie visat på att tidigare forskning med motstridiga studier har haft rätt i sina argument, men att detta beror på i vilken struktur av de etiska riktlinjer som studierna applicerats på. / In recent years, several efforts have been made to create ethical codes that will help to increase ethical behavior in organizations. Ethics can be communicated and interpreted differently and previously research literature has described different perspectives and explanations as to why employees' approach to corporate ethical guidelines is as it is. Previous research in decoupling theory has largely given significant light on both causes and results of decoupling at the organization level, but there is a lack of research that investigates individual organizational members and how their approaches affect the decoupling. The descriptive purpose is to study differences between banks' ethical guidelines and employee approaches. The theoretical purpose of the paper is to identify possible explanations as to why the attitude is as it is. The research method of the study has a qualitative approach where data consists of primary data from interviews and secondary data from the banks' ethical guidelines. The empirical data shows that there are differences in employee approach to the ethical guidelines, and the results show that there are decoupling in all three banks. The differences that the study shows is that employees' approach to the ethical guidelines differs depending on the structure of ethical guidelines. Different perspectives on the structure provide different factors that affect employee approaches and provide a decoupling between action and the ethical guidelines. The study has limitations as the result cannot be generalized, due to the fact that the research method is a qualitative case study and that the sample of respondents is relatively low. Previous research in decoupling theory has focused on how the organization chooses to decouple structure and action while our study describes how decoupling occurs at the micro level, individual level, where employees decouple the ethical guidelines depending on the structure of the guideline. This explains the variation in the decoupling and the causes for decoupling. We have shown in this study that previous research with contradictory studies is all right in their arguments but which of the study that can be applied depends on the structure of the ethical guidelines that the studies apply to.
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Kompetens är inte baserad på etnicitet och hudfärg : En kvalitativ fallstudie om fallet angående att patienter tillåts välja läkare samt tandläkare med enbart svenskt ursprung – över hela landet / Competence is not based on ethnicity and skin color : A qualitative case study on the case regarding patients being allowed to choose a doctor and dentist with only Swedish origin - all over the countryAbdulahad, Gabriella January 2021 (has links)
A review written by Dagens Nyheter displays that in Sweden in 2021, patients are allowed to choose a doctor and a dentist based on their ethnicity and skin color. This occurs systematically throughout the country. The purpose of the thesis is that with the method qualitative case study, Jan Jämte’s general review of racism as a theoretical framework and supporting material on guidelines and laws in the field, analyze whether the case regarding patients being able to choose a doctor and a dentist with only Swedish origin are counted as racism or not. Moreover, the purpose is to analyze which form (s) this case is based on. The thesis’ intention is also to analyze whether the health center and dental care violate ethical guidelines and laws. This study concludes that this case is a coexistence of purely biological and cultural racism. Moreover, the study concluded that healthcare and dentistry violated both laws and their own ethical guidelines.
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“How to account for voices not part of decision making” : An Exploratory Study on the Perceptions of Ethical Issues Digitisation Professionals Encounter in Memory InstitutionsNonstad, Elisabeth Kjønsø, Pettit, Jessica Renée January 2024 (has links)
The digital age has ushered in the increased preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage material within memory institutions through the creation of digital reproductions. This study explores individual digitisation professionals' perceptions of ethical issues This study explores individual digitisation professionals' perceptions of ethical issues and ethical guidelines. Employing a survey study in the form of a questionnaire, this exploratory study intends to lay a foundation upon which further research can be done. The questionnaire garnered both qualitative and quantitative data. A small sample of digitisation professionals from Northern Europe and North America were surveyed and the qualitative findings were analysed through the use of a thematic analysis method. This study finds that there is much to consider such as culture, narrative, and individual rights. This study highlights that there is a spectrum of ethical issues faced by digitisation professionals, with a majority of respondents discussing consent, privacy and cultural sensitivity. In discussing the findings, a lens of professional ethics theory is applied to understand how attitudes towards ethical issues and ethical guidelines in digitisation can be understood. This study creates insights into what a group of digitisation professionals perceive as lacking in ethical guidelines regarding digitisation and the ethical issues. Further research in this area is encouraged.
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CHARACTERISTICS AND ETHICS OF E-THERAPY WEBSITES WITH MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTSGassova, Zuzana 01 January 2016 (has links)
The current survey of 83 e-therapy websites with marriage and family therapists examined what consumers seeking online therapy or therapy over the phone might find on the Internet. The study explored how e-therapy websites characterize their services and comply with the ethical guidelines of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Furthermore, differences in compliance with ethical guidelines among the three types of the websites (individual practice websites, group practice websites, and independent contractor websites) were analyzed. Results indicated that a majority of the websites lack information regarding several major areas (e.g., crisis resources, terms of service, procedures to treatment of minors, procedures to provision of therapy across borders). In support of previous findings, compliance to ethical guidelines was low and uneven. The websites focused mostly on positive aspects of e-therapy and in some cases, used suggestive or misleading language. When the three groups were compared, the independent contractor websites demonstrated statistically significantly higher compliance than the other two groups. This study points out several disturbing patterns and calls for clear e-therapy guidelines, which are currently lacking.
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An analysis of the proposed regulatory framework for the procurement and distribution of stem cellsPrinsen, Larisse 12 July 2011 (has links)
The aim of this dissertation is an analysis of the regulatory framework for the procurement and distribution of stem cells in South Africa. This research includes aspects of the law of obligations, medical law and human rights law as found in the Bill of Rights. More specifically however, this dissertation attempts to bring to attention the shortcomings of chapter 8 of the National Health Act. An examination is undertaken according to the multilayered approach and therefore the proposed regulatory framework is examined within a constitutional framework, an ethical framework, the framework as established by common law, in this case the doctrine of informed consent and lastly within the national legislation framework as found in the National Health Act of 2003 and the regulations made in terms of the Act. This dissertation further entails a brief comparative study of the regulatory mechanisms of the United Kingdom as entrenched in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 2008 and the Human Tissue Act of 2004 and as practiced by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and the Human Tissue Authority. The analysis in this dissertation firstly provides an overview of the clinical manifestations and science of stem cell technology. Secondly, the impact of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa is discussed with particular reference to the Bill of Rights on stem cell research and therapy. The most noteworthy conclusion to be made in this regard is that the embryo is not the bearer of constitutional rights. The ethical guidelines which act as regulatory tools in this field are then discussed with attention to general ethical principles as provided for by the Health Professions Council of South Africa as well as the Medical research Council. The doctrine of informed consent further enjoys attention as it is discussed in context of medical research and key issues are addressed regarding the process of obtaining consent in context of stem cell technologies. Certain recommendations are then made pertaining to the minimum scope required for lawful consent. Lastly a critical analysis is made of chapter 8 of the National Health Act. The findings which are made here lead to further recommendations regarding the regulation of stem cells. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Public Law / unrestricted
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"Du kan inte stå emot orättvisa här’’ : En studie om socialarbetare i Turkiet och deras upplevelser av arbetet och förhållningssättet gentemot de globala etiska riktlinjerna / ‘’YOU CAN NOT RESIST INJUSTICE HERE’’ : A STUDY ABOUT SOCIAL WORKERS’ IN TURKEY AND THEIR EXPERIENCE OF THE WORK AND THE APPROACH TOWARDS THE GLOBAL ETHICAL GUIDELINESTosun Kömürcü, Ronay January 2022 (has links)
Socialarbetare som arbetar i Turkiet beskrivs uppleva dilemman som ständigt påverkar deras arbete. Trots detta förekommer begränsad internationell och nationell forskning som undersöker turkiska socialarbetares upplevelser av arbetet. Tidigare forskningsstudier har redovisat att socialarbetare i Turkiet upplever att de internationella arbetsvärderingarna innehåller förtryck och orättvisor samtidigt som arbetet i sig beskrivs bidra med känslomässig utmattning och osäkerhet. De etiska dilemman som turkiska socialarbetare beskrivs uppleva anses vara omfattande, däremot förekommer begränsad information om förhållningssättet gentemot de etiska riktlinjerna i arbetet. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar därmed till att undersöka turkiska socialarbetares upplevelser av arbetet och dess förhållningssätt gentemot IFSWs globala etiska riktlinjer. Studien bygger på nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare i Turkiet varpå ett subjektivt perspektiv har varit en central aspekt. Studiens resultat visar att socialarbetare i Turkiet upplever en brist på riktlinjer och regler i arbetet vilket har resulterat i en känsla av osäkerhet och begränsat handlingsutrymme. De befintliga insatserna beskrivs även vara så pass otillräckliga att de har kommit att påverka socialarbetarna på en subjektiv nivå. Vidare beskrivs orättvisa förhållanden förekomma inom landet vilket påverkar arbetets prioriteringar och arbetarnas möjligheter till en påverkan på arbetet. Slutligen framkommer det att det inte förekommer några etiska riktlinjer inom arbetet eller någon form av kännedom om IFSWs globala etiska riktlinjer, trots att Turkiet utgörs av ett medlemsland i IFSW. / Turkish social workers are to a greater extent described to be experiencing dilemmas that are affecting their quality of work. Despite the circumstances, there is an insufficient amount of research on a national and international level that subjectively examines the Turkish social workers' experiences in the workspace. Previous research has shown that social workers in Turkey believe the international work values contain elements of oppression and injustice while the duty is described as a contributing factor to increased exhaustion and uncertainty. The ethical dilemmas Turkish social workers are faced with can be regarded as extensive, albeit there is insufficient knowledge regarding the method of approach towards the ethical guidelines for social workers. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine Turkish social workers' experiences within their line of work and their approach towards the IFSW global ethical guidelines. The study is based on nine semi-structured interviews with social workers in Turkey, where a subjective perspective regarding their experiences has been a central aspect. This study finds that social workers in Turkey experience a lack of guidelines and rules within their line of work which contributes to an increased uncertainty amongst the social workers, thus also limiting their capacity for action. The existing efforts are described as being inadequate to the point where it has affected the social workers quality of work to a subjective degree. Furthermore, there is an overall consensus that occurrences of unfair conditions are not a rare sight in the country. This affects the social workers priorities and possibilities of having an influence in their work. Finally, it emerges that no standardized ethical guidelines are being followed, nor is there any knowledge of the IFSW global ethical guidelines despite the fact that Turkey is a member state of IFSW.
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