Heuristic Evaluation (HE) is a popular usability inspection method. Yet little is known about the effect the evaluators have on the outcome of HE. One potentially important feature of evaluators is their end-user status, that is, whether or not they are end-users for whom the interface is designed. I completed a detailed review of the HE literature, combined sources, developed an explicit method for conducting an HE and trained HE novices from different work domains using it. Using these methods I conducted a preliminary randomized crossover study (n=6) of the effect of end-user status during the inspection and merging stages of HE. I estimate a larger study of approximately 148 end-users would be needed to test hypotheses regarding end-user status. I demonstrated a novel measure of the effect of end-user status for the merging stage of HE, which I called the measure of matching similarity (MMS).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ShirmeniaKSNE_DISSERT.pdf: 1503801 bytes, checksum: 85c65eface4a3d85729738729d6db512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / This thesis entitled SINAES: the different faces of the evaluation at UFRN, aims to analyze the configuration that the national policy for assessment in higher education has taken on UFRN. We assume that in recent years there are an oscillation between the concepts of evaluation, according with the logic of public administration it has preferred an approach that presents itself as a promoter of quality, sometimes with regulatory aspects, sometimes with educational ones. The text discusses the use of the new assessment tools for higher education placing them under the new demands on state reform context in which this is to promote and measure quality based on the values of excellence and competitiveness. This movement arises from the redefinition of the role of the State that has been taking features of Evaluator State. From a historical review of government initiatives in the field of evaluation, we analyze the characteristics of assessment policies outlined over the past decades. We are based on the theoretical method that aims to examine the multiple determinants that shape a particular reality from the larger movement of totality. To identify, in this case, connections and ruptures that have emerged over the history of assessment policies aimed at higher education by checking their determinants in order to better explain the reality. To investigate the object of this study we used as instruments: the research literature and research documents, the semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The study revealed that there are different practices of evaluation and that before to establishment the SINAES program, the UFRN already had a culture of an institutional assessment, more participatory and democratic, opposing to the rigidity of the self-assessment in SINAES program that it was instituted by the Commission for assessment (CPA). We also noticed that the implementation of the SINAES at URFN has been performed very slowly and the breadth and complexity of the evaluation process has contributed to hinder its implementation in all dimensions provided by MEC. Although it was observed that in its operationalization the SINAES has assumed a more normative assessment and directed to establish rankings between courses and higher education schools than to establish a more qualitative assessment in this system. As regards the evaluation of the undergraduate course studied on this research and subjected to the three dimensions of evaluation proposed by SINAES (self-assessment, Evaluation of Courses and ENADE) it was not possible to verify an effective integration between the methods of assessing conducted. The results are considered separately, in only a partial view of the course evaluated the proposal what pits the SINAES as a system that involves the totality / O presente trabalho intitulado SINAES: as diferentes faces da avalia??o na UFRN tem como objetivo analisar a configura??o que a pol?tica nacional de avalia??o para o ensino superior vem assumindo na UFRN. Partimos do pressuposto de que, nos ?ltimos anos, tem havido uma oscila??o entre as concep??es de avalia??o que, na l?gica da gest?o p?blica, tem privilegiado uma perspectiva que se apresenta como promotora da qualidade, ora com aspectos Estado avaliador. Ensino superior. Pol?ticas de avalia??o reguladores, ora formativos. O texto discute o uso da edifica??o de novos instrumentos de avalia??o para o ensino superior situando-a no ?mbito das novas demandas contextuais na reforma do Estado em que este passa a promover e mensurar a qualidade com base nos valores da excel?ncia e da competitividade. Esse movimento decorre da redefini??o do papel do Estado, que vem assumindo fei??es de Estado avaliador. A partir de uma retrospectiva hist?rica das iniciativas do governo no campo da avalia??o, explicitamos as caracter?sticas das pol?ticas de avalia??o delineadas ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas. Servimo-nos de um referencial te?ricometodol?gico que visa analisar as m?ltiplas determina??es que configuram uma determinada realidade a partir de um movimento maior de totalidade. Nesse sentido, s?o identificadas conex?es e rupturas que surgiram, ao longo da hist?ria das pol?ticas de avalia??o voltadas para o ensino superior verificando os seus determinantes, visando explicar melhor a realidade. Para investigarmos o objeto de estudo, utilizamos, como procedimentos metodol?gicos, a pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental, as entrevistas semiestruturadas e a oberva??o n?o-participante. O estudo revelou haver, na institui??o, diferentes pr?ticas de avalia??o e que, antes da implanta??o do SINAES, j? havia uma cultura de avalia??o institucional, mais participativa e democr?tica que se contrap?e ? rigidez presente na autoavalia??o institu?da pelo SINAES e, seguida, pela Comiss?o Pr?pria de Avalia??o. Verificamos, tamb?m, que a implanta??o do SINAES, na URFN, vem sendo realizada de forma muito lenta e a amplitude e complexidade do processo avaliativo t?m contribuido para dificultar a sua implementa??o em todas as dimens?es previstas pelo MEC. Ainda foi poss?vel evidenciar que, em sua operacionaliza??o, o SINAES tem assumido uma postura de avalia??o muito mais normativa e voltada para o estabelecimento de rankings entre cursos e intitui??es do que em estabelecer uma avalia??o mais qualitativa do ensino. No que se refere ? avalia??o do Curso de gradua??o submetido ?s tr?s dimens?es de avalia??o propostas pelo SINAES (autoavalia??o, Avalia??o de Cursos e ENADE) n?o foi poss?vel verificar uma efetiva integra??o entre as modalidades de avalia??o realizadas. Os resultados s?o considerados isoladamente, em uma vis?o, apenas, parcial do curso avaliado o que descaracteriza a proposta do SINAES como um sistema de avalia??o global

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2016-07-08T20:23:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MileneCampos.pdf: 1717610 bytes, checksum: 11197fafabd47113c612dfe1ebaa5370 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-07-18T19:50:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MileneCampos.pdf: 1717610 bytes, checksum: 11197fafabd47113c612dfe1ebaa5370 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T19:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MileneCampos.pdf: 1717610 bytes, checksum: 11197fafabd47113c612dfe1ebaa5370 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense / A qualidade no processo educacional é objeto de busca do nosso país há muitos anos. Vários projetos e medidas governamentais foram inseridos e discutidos nas últimas décadas em vários níveis e nas inúmeras redes de ensino que compõem o Brasil. No entanto, uma das variáveis que compõe o processo de ensino dentro das unidades escolares vem ganhando destaque como elemento chave para o alcance desta qualidade na educação, sendo esta a Gestão Escolar. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma análise de como o processo administrativo, encontra-se definido pelos autores especialistas, para o alcance do sucesso de suas Organizações e/ou Instituições e as implicações que este pode provocar de acordo com o modo que é desenvolvido e trabalhado dentro das Instituições. Esta pesquisa concentrou-se em duas escolas estaduais situadas no município de Niterói/RJ e para sua efetivação foi realizado um estudo de caso destas duas escolas com o objetivo de se investigar como seus processos de gestão acontecem e como este influencia na qualidade da educação, usando como parâmetro o avaliador externo- IDEB. Após estas análises foi realizado um comparativo entre as duas escolas, através das médias auferidas pelos questionários sobre várias linhas de investigação referentes ao processo administrativo desenvolvido na escola, além da percepção registrada no diário de campo do pesquisador de suas visitas e das entrevistas realizadas com alguns membros do corpo diretivo. Sendo então apontadas características que ocorrem durante o processo administrativo que podem estar influenciando no alcance das metas estabelecidas pelo IDEB. / The quality of the educational process is the object of pursuit of our country for many years. Several projects and government measures were entered and discussed in recent decades at various levels and in numerous school systems that make up Brazil. However, one of the variables that make up the teaching process within the school units is gaining prominence as a key element to achieve this quality in education, which is the School Management. In this work we developed an analysis of how this administrative process is defined by the authors experts, to achieve the success of their Organizations and /or Institutions and the implications that this may cause in accordance with how it is developed and worked within the Institutions. This research focused on two elementary schools located in Niterói/RJ and its implementation was carried out a case study of two schools with the aim of investigating how their management processes happen and how this influences the quality of education, using as parameter the external evaluator- IDEB. After these analyzes we performed a comparison between the two schools, as means of questionnaires received by several lines of inquiry relating to administrative procedure developed in school, beyond perception recorded in the researcher's field diary of his visits and interviews with some members of the governing body. Since then pointed out features occurring during the administrative procedure that may be influencing the achievement of targets set by IDEB.

The system of evaluating and rewarding employees is a part of human resources management in developing companies. To analyze the current system of evaluating and rewarding the employees of the company KELLER, is the aim of this thesis - special creation of Ltd and creation of better motivation plan to increase their working efficiency. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are processed literary sources and information on the topic of evaluating and rewarding employees. The practical part concurs theoretical knowledge of employees evaluation and reward and makes suggestions and recommendations to create a new system according to company needs with an effort to improve the way of employees evaluation and reward.

The thesis consists of a case study and focuses on the processes of assessment, training and remuneration of employees in the organizational component of a budgetary organization. The introductory part focuses on the opinion of experts on human resources management with emphasis on the areas studied. Special emphasis is placed on the evaluation process, its methods, evaluation criteria, classification, evaluator's personality and the course of evaluator's meeting with the person who is being assessed. We also focused on training and remuneration - processes following the evaluation. Concerning educational issues, we were interested in the opinions of professionals focusing on identifying the needs of training, its planning and results evaluation. Remuneration was viewed as one of the most effective tools to motivate employees in connection with the transfer of assessment to the remuneration. The application part of the thesis introduces in-depth analysis of the current levels of the evaluation process and the processes connected with it - training and remuneration of employees in the selected organization. Two methods were used to obtain relevant data: the analysis of documents and interviews. The data obtained from written documents and interviews were compared with the findings obtained from the...

Automatic text summarization techniques, which can reduce a source text to a summary text by content generalization or selection have assumed signifi- cance in recent times due to the ever expanding information explosion created by the World Wide Web. Summaries generated by generalization of information are called abstracts and those generated by selection of portions of text (sentences, phrases etc.) are called extracts. Further, summaries could for each document separately or multiple documents could be summarized together to produce a single summary. The challenges in making machines generate extracts or abstracts are primarily due to the lack of understanding of human cognitive processes. Summary generated by humans seems to be influenced by their moral, emotional and ethical stance on the subject and their background knowledge of the content being summarized.These characteristics are hardly understood and difficult to model mathematically. Further automatic summarization is very much handicapped by limitations of existing computing resources and lack of good mathematical models of cognition. In view of these, the role of rigorous mathematical theory in summarization has been limited hitherto. The research reported in this thesis is a contribution towards bringing in the awesome power of well-established concepts information theory to the field of summarization. Contributions of the Thesis The specific focus of this thesis is on extractive summarization. Its domain spans multi-document summarization as well as single document summarization. In the whole thesis the word "summarization" and "summary", imply extract generation and sentence extracts respectively. In this thesis, two new and novel summarizers referred to as ESCI (Extractive Summarization using Collocation Information) and De-ESCI (Dictionary enhanced ESCI) have been proposed. In addition, an automatic summary evaluation technique called DeFuSE (Dictionary enhanced Fuzzy Summary Evaluator) has also been introduced.The mathematical basis for the evolution of the scoring scheme proposed in this thesis and its relationship with other well-known summarization algorithms such as latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is also derived. The work detailed in this thesis is specific to the domain of extractive summarization of unstructured text without taking into account the data set characteristics such as the positional importance of sentences. This is to ensure that the summarizer works well for a broad class of documents, and to keep the proposed models as generic as possible. Central to the proposed work is the concept of "Collocation Information of a word", its quantification and application to summarization. "Collocation Information" (CI) is the amount of information (Shannon’s measure) that a word and its collocations together contribute to the total information in the document(s) being summarized.The CI of a word has been computed using Shannon’s measure for information using a joint probability distribution. Further, a base value of CI called "Discrimination Threshold" (DT) has also been derived. To determine DT, sentences from a large collection of documents covering various topics including the topic covered by the document(s) being summarized were broken down into sequences of word collocations.The number of possible neighbors for a word within a specified collocation window was determined. This number has been called the "cardinality of the collocating set" and is represented as |ℵ (w)|. It is proved that if |ℵ (w)| determined from this large document collection for any word w is fixed, then the maximum value of the CI for a word w is proportional to |ℵ (w)|. This constrained maximum is the "Discrimination Threshold" and is used as the base value of CI. Experimental evidence detailed in this thesis shows that sentences containing words with CI greater than DT are most likely to be useful in an extract. Words in every sentence of the document(s) being summarized have been assigned scores based on the difference between their current value of CI and their respective DT. Individual word scores have been summed to derive a score for every sentence. Sentences are ranked according to their scores and the first few sentences in the rank order have been selected as the extract summary. Redundant and semantically similar sentences have been excluded from the selection process using a simple similarity detection algorithm. This novel method for extraction has been called ESCI in this thesis. In the second part of the thesis, the advantages of tagging words as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs without the use of sense disambiguation has been explored. A hierarchical model for abstraction of knowledge has been proposed, and those cases where such a model can improve summarization accuracy have been explained. Knowledge abstraction has been achieved by converting collocations into their hypernymous versions. In the second part of the thesis, the advantages of tagging words as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs without the use of sense disambiguation has been explored. A hierarchical model for abstraction of knowledge has been proposed, and those cases where such a model can improve summarization accuracy have been explained. Knowledge abstraction has been achieved by converting collocations into their hypernymous versions. The number of levels of abstraction varies based on the sense tag given to each word in the collocation being abstracted. Once abstractions have been determined, Expectation- Maximization algorithm is used to determine the probability value of each collocation at every level of abstraction. A combination of abstracted collocations from various levels is then chosen and sentences are assigned scores based on collocation information of these abstractions.This summarization scheme has been referred to as De-ESCI (Dictionary enhanced ESCI). It had been observed in many human summary data sets that the factual attribute of the human determines the choice of noun and verb pairs. Similarly, the emotional attribute of the human determines the choice of the number of noun and adjective pairs. In order to bring these attributes into the machine generated summaries, two variants of DeESCI have been proposed. The summarizer with the factual attribute has been called as De-ESCI-F, while the summarizer with the emotional attribute has been called De-ESCI-E in this thesis. Both create summaries having two parts. First part of the summary created by De-ESCI-F is obtained by scoring and selecting only those sentences where a fixed number of nouns and verbs occur.The second part of De-ESCI-F is obtained by ranking and selecting those sentences which do not qualify for the selection process in the first part. Assigning sentence scores and selecting sentences for the second part of the summary is exactly like in ESCI. Similarly, the first part of De-ESCI-E is generated by scoring and selecting only those sentences where fixed number of nouns and adjectives occur. The second part of the summary produced by De-ESCI-E is exactly like the second part in De-ESCI-F. As the model summary generated by human summarizers may or may not contain sentences with preference given to qualifiers (adjectives), the automatic summarizer does not know apriori whether to choose sentences with qualifiers over those without qualifiers. As there are two versions of the summary produced by De-ESCI-F and De-ESCIE, one of them should be closer to the human summarizer’s point of view (in terms of giving importance to qualifiers). This technique of choosing the best candidate summary has been referred to as De-ESCI-F/E. Performance Metrics The focus of this thesis is to propose new models and sentence ranking techniques aimed at improving the accuracy of the extract in terms of sentences selected, rather than on the readability of the summary. As a result, the order of sentences in the summary is not given importance during evaluation. Automatic evaluation metrics have been used and the performance of the automatic summarizer has been evaluated in terms of precision, recall and f-scores obtained by comparing its output with model human generated extract summaries. A novel summary evaluator called DeFuSE has been proposed in this thesis, and its scores are used along with the scores given by a standard evaluator called ROUGE. DeFuSE evaluates an extract in terms of precision, recall and f-score relying on The use of WordNet hypernymy structure to identify semantically similar sentences in a document. It also uses fuzzy set theory to compute the extent to which a sentence from the machine generated extract belongs to the model summary. Performance of candidate summarizers has been discussed in terms of percentage improvement in fscore relative to the baselines. Average of ROUGE and DeFuSE f-score for every summary is computed, and the mean value of these scores is used to compare performance improvement. Performance For illustrative purposes, DUC 2002 and DUC 2003 multi-document data sets have been used. From these data sets only the 400 word summaries of DUC 2002 and track-4 (novelty track) summaries of DUC 2003 are useful for evaluation of sentence extracts and hence only these have been used. f-score has been chosen as a measure of performance. Standard baselines such as coverage, size and lead and also probabilistic baselines have been used to measure percentage improvement in f-score of candidate summarizers relative to these baselines. Further, summaries generated by MEAD using centroid and length as features for ranking (MEAD-CL), MEAD using positional, centroid and length as features for ranking (MEAD-CLP), Microsoft Word automatic summarizer (MS-Word) and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) based summarizer were used to compare the performance of the proposed summarization schemes.

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Master´s thesis analyzes problems associated with the employee classification of a business company. It suggests the evulating system strategy which, if respectfully followed, would lead to better execution of employee, teams and whole company and at the same time to a stronger market position and to a riddance of the weaker competition.

The present thesis addresses the issue of assessment of employees in an organization in the public administration. Assessment of employees is a key motivation factor in human resources management, and it is one of the tools to achieve the employees' productivity. At the same time the assessment helps increase the prestige of the authority and satisfaction of the citizens. The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the current state of the system of assessment in an organization in the public administration, to look for deficiencies in the system as they influence the motivation of employees, and to propose changes for improvement. The first part of the thesis presents the theoretical framework of performance management, the theory of work motivation, assessment, and the remuneration of employees. In the practical part of the thesis the municipal office in question is introduced, and the current situation of the employees assessment system is analyzed. This part also includes the results of the realized questionnaire. The final part brings recommendations which can help the organization to increase the efficiency of the employees assessment.