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Antropologia e psicanálise existencial na obra sartreana / Anthropology and Existential Psychoanalysis in the Sartrean oeuvre.Odasaki, Alvaro Hideki 01 June 2017 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é expor a Psicanálise existencial, descrita em O Ser e o Nada (1943/2008), como fio condutor entre a dimensão individual e coletiva na obra sartreana. Especificamente, tentar interpretar o método de compreensão da ontologia fenomenológica como tentativa primordial de formular a purificação do campo antropológico. Em outras palavras, mostrar que a subjetividade não pode ser enquadrada partindo dos pressupostos da ciência tradicional, que reifica o processo existencial. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, nossa exposição é divida em duas partes: (1) elucidação das premissas da Psicanálise existencial e (2) interpretar a obra Questão de método (1957/1966) a partir dos resultados adquiridos em (1). Portanto, primeiramente expomos o sujeito como projeção existencial para, então, demonstrar que a dinâmica social está intimamente articulada com essa estrutura subjetiva. Isso significa que, em alguma medida não existe separação ontológica entre a dimensão individual e a coletiva. Nesse sentido, salientamos como, segundo Sartre, o existencialismo pode auxiliar as pretensões marxistas. Nesta investigação, pode-se perceber que, apesar da inflexão presente na trajetória intelectual sartreana, a tentativa de humanizar os meios pelos quais se investiga as ações humanas esteve sempre presente nos escritos de Sartre. É nesse sentido que propomos a articulação entre Psicanálise existencial e o método de compreensão do campo antropológico. / The aim of the present work is to expose existential psychoanalysis, which is described in Being and Nothingness (1943/2008), as being the guiding thread between the individual and the collective dimensions in the Sartrean oeuvre. Specifically, we try to interpret the comprehension method of phenomenological ontology as a primordial attempt to formulate the \"purification\" of the anthropological field. In other words, to show that subjectivity can not be framed within the assumptions of traditional science, thus reifying the existential process. In order to do so, our exposition is divided into two parts: (1) the elucidation of the premises of existential psychoanalysis and (2) the interpreting of the work Search for a Method (1957/1966) in light of the results acquired in (1). Therefore, we first expose the subject as an existential projection to then proceed to demonstrate that social dynamics is intimately articulated with this subjective structure. This means that, to some extent, there is no ontological separation between the individual and collective dimensions. In this sense, we underline how, according to Sartre, existentialism can aid in Marxist pretensions. In this research, it is possible to see that, despite the inflection present in Sartre\'s intellectual trajectory, the attempt to \"humanize\" the means by which human actions are investigated was always present in his writings. It is in this sense that we propose the articulation between existential psychoanalysis and the comprehension method of the anthropological field.
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Antropologia e psicanálise existencial na obra sartreana / Anthropology and Existential Psychoanalysis in the Sartrean oeuvre.Alvaro Hideki Odasaki 01 June 2017 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é expor a Psicanálise existencial, descrita em O Ser e o Nada (1943/2008), como fio condutor entre a dimensão individual e coletiva na obra sartreana. Especificamente, tentar interpretar o método de compreensão da ontologia fenomenológica como tentativa primordial de formular a purificação do campo antropológico. Em outras palavras, mostrar que a subjetividade não pode ser enquadrada partindo dos pressupostos da ciência tradicional, que reifica o processo existencial. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, nossa exposição é divida em duas partes: (1) elucidação das premissas da Psicanálise existencial e (2) interpretar a obra Questão de método (1957/1966) a partir dos resultados adquiridos em (1). Portanto, primeiramente expomos o sujeito como projeção existencial para, então, demonstrar que a dinâmica social está intimamente articulada com essa estrutura subjetiva. Isso significa que, em alguma medida não existe separação ontológica entre a dimensão individual e a coletiva. Nesse sentido, salientamos como, segundo Sartre, o existencialismo pode auxiliar as pretensões marxistas. Nesta investigação, pode-se perceber que, apesar da inflexão presente na trajetória intelectual sartreana, a tentativa de humanizar os meios pelos quais se investiga as ações humanas esteve sempre presente nos escritos de Sartre. É nesse sentido que propomos a articulação entre Psicanálise existencial e o método de compreensão do campo antropológico. / The aim of the present work is to expose existential psychoanalysis, which is described in Being and Nothingness (1943/2008), as being the guiding thread between the individual and the collective dimensions in the Sartrean oeuvre. Specifically, we try to interpret the comprehension method of phenomenological ontology as a primordial attempt to formulate the \"purification\" of the anthropological field. In other words, to show that subjectivity can not be framed within the assumptions of traditional science, thus reifying the existential process. In order to do so, our exposition is divided into two parts: (1) the elucidation of the premises of existential psychoanalysis and (2) the interpreting of the work Search for a Method (1957/1966) in light of the results acquired in (1). Therefore, we first expose the subject as an existential projection to then proceed to demonstrate that social dynamics is intimately articulated with this subjective structure. This means that, to some extent, there is no ontological separation between the individual and collective dimensions. In this sense, we underline how, according to Sartre, existentialism can aid in Marxist pretensions. In this research, it is possible to see that, despite the inflection present in Sartre\'s intellectual trajectory, the attempt to \"humanize\" the means by which human actions are investigated was always present in his writings. It is in this sense that we propose the articulation between existential psychoanalysis and the comprehension method of the anthropological field.
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MÁ-FÉ E PSICANÁLISE EXISTENCIAL EM SARTRE / BAD FAITH AND EXISTENCIAL PSYCHOANALYSIS IN SARTRECosta, Vítor Hugo dos Reis 23 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to reconstruct and discuss the general concepts of bad faith and existential
psychoanalysis in phenomenological ontology of Jean-Paul Sartre, presented in his Being
and Nothingness (1943). The two terms arise in the wake of ontological and
phenomenological description of human reality undertaken by the French philosopher, in
which he defines human reality as basically consisting of ontological freedom and lack of
identity. Instead of being, the human is characterized by its making, and this is its most
fundamental characteristic. Defined as a movement, the human condition is addressed
precisely the realization of identity that, like a mirage on the horizon, is ontologically
forbidden and therefore unattainable. This tendency to perform an impossible identity
added to the definition of self as one to engender within an individual human reality, the
experience of distress. And this anxiety motivates the bad faith, triple phenomenon lies,
belief and conduct. A forgery of human reality consists of simultaneous corruption of belief
and commitment of conduct. Through bad faith deceives the human individual is a reality
and establishes individual apologies and excuses in an attempt to rebut the anguish of their
horizon of experience. In the process, you lose access to the authentic human reality,
plunging the entire error in thinking and living. In the interest of purifying the human
reality of this atmosphere of error and deception, Sartre develops a method called
existential psychoanalysis. With a course similar to that of traditional psychoanalysis,
existential psychoanalysis operates in conjunction with the phenomenological ontology and
provides an authentic picture of a human person, beyond the comprehension of bad faith.
The assumption of genuine freedom, however, is the jurisdiction of individual responsibility. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral reconstruir e discutir as noções de má-fé e
psicanálise existencial na ontologia fenomenológica de Jean-Paul Sartre, apresentada em
seu O Ser e o Nada (1943). As duas noções surgem na esteira da descrição ontológica e
fenomenológica da realidade humana empreendida pelo filósofo francês, na qual ele define
a realidade humana como sendo fundamentalmente constituída de liberdade ontológica, isto
é, falta de identidade. Ao invés de ser, o humano se caracteriza por seu fazer, e esta é sua
característica mais fundamental. Definida como movimento, a condição humana dirige-se
justamente a realização da identidade que, como uma miragem no horizonte, é
ontologicamente proibida e, portanto, inalcançável. Essa tendência à realização de uma
identidade impossível somada à definição do próprio ser como um fazer engendra, no seio
de uma realidade humana individual, a experiência da angústia. E essa angústia motiva a
má-fé, fenômeno triplo de mentira, crença e conduta. Uma falsificação da realidade
humana constituída por simultânea corrupção do crer e comprometimento da conduta.
Através da má-fé o indivíduo humano engana-se e instaura uma realidade individual de
desculpas e pretextos no intento de elidir a angústia de seu horizonte de experiências. No
processo, perde-se o acesso autêntico à realidade humana, mergulhando no erro todo o
pensar e o viver. Com o interesse de depurar a realidade humana dessa atmosfera de erro e
mentira, Sartre elabora um método que chama de psicanálise existencial. Com um proceder
semelhante ao da psicanálise tradicional, a psicanálise existencial opera em conjunto com a
ontologia fenomenológica e oferece uma imagem autêntica de uma pessoa humana, para
além da compreensão de má-fé. A assunção autêntica da liberdade, porém, é da jurisdição
da responsabilidade individual.
Palavras-chave: Má-Fé, Psicanálise Existencial, Liberdade, Autenticidade.
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Head of darkness : representations of "madness" in postcolonial Zimbabwean literatureChigwedere, Yuleth 09 1900 (has links)
This study critically explores the numerous strains of “madness” that Zimbabwean authors represent in their postcolonial literature. My focus is on their reflection of “madness” as either an individual state of being, or as symptomatic of the socio-political and economic condition in the country. I have adopted insights from an existential psychoanalytic framework in my literary analysis in order to bring in an innovative dimension to this investigation of the phenomenon. I consider this an appropriate stance for this study as it has enriched my reading of the literary texts under study, as well as played a crucial role in providing me with effective conceptual tools for understanding the manifestations of “madness” in the texts. The literary works that I critique are Shimmer Chinodya’s Chairman of Fools (2009), Mashingaidze Gomo’s A Fine Madness (2010), Brian Chikwava’s Harare North, Petina Gappah’s An Elegy for Easterly (2009), Tsitsi Dangarembga’s The Book of Not (2006) and Yvonne Vera’s Without a Name (1994) and Butterfly Burning (1998). These selected texts offer me an opportunity to analyse the gender dynamics and discourses of “madness”, which I do from a peculiarly indigenous and feminist perspective. My study reveals that these authors’ representations are located in and shaped by very specific temporal and spatial contexts, which, in turn, shed light on the characters’ existential reality, revealing aspects of their relationship with the world around them. It demonstrates that their notions of “madness” denote different markers of identity, such as race, class, gender, and religion, amongst others. Significantly, my literary analysis illustrates the varied permutations of “madness” by exposing how these authors characterise the phenomenon as trauma, as alienation, as depression, as insanity, as subversion, as freedom, and even as a sign of the
state of affairs in Zimbabwe. This investigation also reveals that because “madness” in these authors’ fiction is intricately linked to the question of identity, it manifests in situations where the characters’ sense of ontological security is compromised in some way. What emerges is that “madness” can either signify a grapple with identity, a loss of it, or a struggle for its redefinition / English Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (English)
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