This dissertation considers radar detection and tracking of weak fluctuating targets using dynamic programming (DP) based track-before-detect (TBD). TBD combines target detection and tracking by integrating data over consecutive scans before making a decision on the presence of a target. A novel algorithm is proposed which employs order statistics in dynamic programming based TBD (OS-DP-TBD) to detect weak fluctuating targets. The well-known Swerling type 0, 1 and 3 targets are considered with non-Gaussian distributed clutter and complex Gaussian noise. The clutter is modeled using the Weibull, K and G0 distributions. The proposed algorithm is shown to provide better performance than well-known techniques in the literature. In addition, a novel expanding window multiframe (EW-TBD) technique is presented to improve the detection performance with reasonable computational complexity compared to batch processing. It is shown that EW-TBD has lower complexity than existing multiframe processing techniques. Simulation results are presented which confirm the superiority of the proposed expanding window technique in detecting targets even when they are not present in every scan in the window. Further, the throughput of the proposed technique is higher than with batch processing. Depending on the range and azimuth resolution of the radar system, the target may appear as a point in some radar systems and there will be target energy spillover in other systems. This dissertation considers both extended targets with different energy spillover levels and point targets. Simulation results are presented which confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm in both cases. / Graduate

Dans cette thèse nous étudions les théorèmes limites dans l’analyse statistique dessystèmes dynamiques. Le premier chapitre est consacré aux notions des bases des systèmesdynamiques ainsi que la théorie ergodique. Dans le deuxième chapitre nous introduisonsun cadre fonctionnel abstrait pour lequel la version quenched du théorème de la limitecentrale (TLC) en dimension 1 pour les systèmes dynamiques uniformément dilatantsest satisfaite sous une condition de validité nécessaire et suffisante. Le troisième chapitreest consacré au principe d’invariance presque sûr (PIPS) pour les application aléatoiresdilatantes par morceaux. Nous présentons certaines hypothèses sous lesquelles le (PIPS)est vérifié en utilisant la méthode d’approximation des martingales de Cuny et Merlèvede.Nous étudions aussi le théorème de Sprindzuk et ses conséquences. Nous établissons dansle chapitre quatre la décroissance des corrélations pour les systèmes dynamiques aléatoiresuniformément dilatants par la méthode de couplage en dimension 1. Nous terminons cetravail par une présentation des concepts de base de la théorie des mesures et probabilitéset une présentation de l’espace des fonctions à variation bornée. / In this thesis we study the limit theorems in the statistical analysis of dynamicalsystems. The first chapter is devoted to the basic notions in dynamical systems as well asthe ergodic theory. In the second chapter we introduce an abstract functional frameworkunder which the quenched version of the central limit theorem (CLT) in dimension 1for uniformly expanding dynamic systems is satisfied under a necessary and sufficientcondition validity. The third chapter is devoted to the almost sure invariance principle(ASIP) for random piecewise expanding maps. We present some hypotheses under whichthe (ASIP) is verified using the method of approximation of the martingales of Cuny andMerlèvede. We also study the Sprindzuk theorem and its consequences. In chapter four,we define the decay of correlations for the random dynamical systems uniformly expandingby the coupling method in dimension 1. We finish this work with a presentation of thebasic concepts of the theory of measures and probabilities and a presentation of the spaceof functions with bounded variation.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-23T13:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WilsonAndreNeres.pdf: 703248 bytes, checksum: 5ad779eaea41344874c9f1de7026492d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T13:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WilsonAndreNeres.pdf: 703248 bytes, checksum: 5ad779eaea41344874c9f1de7026492d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Nenhuma / A globalização, as grandes alterações sociais, científicas, tecnológicas fizeram com que a sociedade atual passasse, cada vez mais, a tornar-se um ambiente complexo. Tamanha complexidade gerou nos cidadãos uma sensação crescente de medo e insegurança. Como reflexo destes sentimentos, o Direito é chamado para regular as novas relações sociais. Entretanto, diante da fragilidade de seus recursos tradicionais, ineficazes a uma realidade social globalizada, surge a necessidade de construir uma nova forma de regulação social pelo Direito. A teoria dos sistemas é concebida como uma possível alternativa, uma teoria complexa para uma sociedade complexa que encontra na diferença a forma de auxiliar o homem a compreender a complexidade social. Uma complexidade evidenciada na Constituição que passa a consagrar inúmeros elementos que agora se projetam para o Direito Penal. A posição de protagonista do Direito Penal passa a ser uma das grandes alternativas ao problema social do medo, da insegurança, configurando um modelo de política criminal de expansão. Entretanto, o embate entre um Direito Penal mínimo e máximo revela a possibilidade de adoção de outras formas de regulação social, aptas a compartilhar as responsabilidades com outros ramos do direito, posturas de controle social, consideradas satisfatórias a uma política criminal moderna. De tal modo, no presente trabalho serão abordadas diferentes redes sancionatórias a fim de que se identifique a melhor forma de responder ao problema de uma sociedade cada vez mais complexa. / Globalization, the great social changes, science, technology made the company now passed, increasingly becoming a complex environment. Such complexity led citizens in a growing sense of fear and insecurity. Reflecting these sentiments, the law is called to regulate the new social relations. However, given the fragility of their traditional resources, ineffective social reality of a globalized, there is a need to build a new form of social regulation by law. Systems theory is conceived as a possible alternative, a complex theory to a complex society that finds a difference in the way of helping men to understand the social complexity. Complexity is evident in the constitution that enshrine the many elements that now protrude into the criminal law. The leading role of criminal law becomes a major alternative to the social problem of fear, insecurity, setting a model of criminal policy of expansion. However, the clash between a criminal law reveals the minimum and maximum possible use of other forms of social regulation, able to share responsibilities with other branches of law, positions of social control, satisfactory to a modern criminal policy. So, in this work are discussed various networks penalties so that it identifies the best way to address the problem of an increasingly complex society.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:27:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Valentini Barbiero Rivaroli.pdf: 1777987 bytes, checksum: 67a7d8efd0a46bead0ff21bde78a9958 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Valentini Barbiero Rivaroli.pdf: 1777987 bytes, checksum: 67a7d8efd0a46bead0ff21bde78a9958 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / The present dissertation is to analyze, through a vast bibliographic research, the technique of expanding the judicial panel inserted in article 942 of the New Civil Procedure Code. As regards structure, the work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the historical evolution of appeals on the grounds of request for reconsideration (embargos infringentes) in Portuguese legislation, from the creation of appeals on the grounds of request for reconsideration (embargos infringentes) until the evolution that were extinguished in 1939, also analyzes the Brazilian legislation until their extinction. The second chapter presents the constitutional model of New Civil Procedure Code and the guiding principles that justified the extinction of the appeals on the grounds of request for reconsideration (embargos infringentes). In addition, the entire CPC process was analyzed, from the preliminary project until its approval in order to show reasons for the creation of the technique to replace. The third chapter, in turn, deals specifically with the technique, its particularities and hypotheses of application and non-application provided by law, not to mention the analysis of the internal regulations of different Courts of Justice. The four chapter addresses the operational problems of application of the technique related to which resources is intended, issues of expiry legislation and, also, respect to the contradictory. Finally, the fifth chapter is devoted to the analysis of judgments of the Court of Justice of São Paulo and also of other Courts in order to try to understand the application of the technique after a year of validity of the CPC of 2015 / A presente dissertação possui como objeto o estudo, a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, da técnica de ampliação da colegialidade inserida no artigo 942 do Código de Processo Civil de 2015. No tocante à estrutura, o trabalho se divide em cinco capítulos, Além da Introdução e da Conclusão deste trabalho. O segundo, logo após a Introdução, aborda a evolução histórica dos embargos infringentes na legislação portuguesa, desde a sua criação até a evolução aos embargos infringentes, extintos em 1939 e, ainda, analisa a legislação brasileira pertinente aos embargos infringentes até sua extinção. O terceiro capítulo apresenta o modelo constitucional de processo civil e os princípios norteadores do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 que justificaram a extinção do recurso. Além disso, foi analisada toda a tramitação do novo diploma, desde o anteprojeto até sua aprovação de forma a evidenciar as razões para a criação da técnica em substituição aos embargos infringentes. O quarto capítulo, por sua vez, trata especificamente sobre a técnica, suas particularidades e hipóteses de aplicação e não aplicação ambas previstas em lei, além de analisar os regimentos internos de diferentes Tribunais de Justiça. O quinto capítulo aborda os problemas operacionais de aplicação da técnica relacionada aos quais o recurso se destina, questões de direito intertemporal e o respeito ao contraditório. Por fim, o sexto capítulo se dedica a analisar julgados do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo e de outros Estados de forma a tentar compreender a aplicação da técnica após um ano de vigência do Código de Processo Civil de 2015

This thesis consists of five articles mainly devoted to problems in dynamical systems and ergodic theory. We consider non-uniformly hyperbolic two dimensional systems and limit distributions of point measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Let $f_{a_0}(x)=a_0-x^2$ be a quadratic map where the parameter $a_0\in(1,2)$ is chosen such that the critical point $0$ is pre-periodic (but not periodic). In Papers A and B we study skew-products $(\th,x)\mapsto F(\th,x)=(g(\th),f_{a_0}(x)+\al s(\th))$, $(\th,x)\in S^1\times\real$. The functions $g:S^1\to S^1$ and $s:S^1\to[-1,1]$ are the base dynamics and the coupling functions, respectively, and $\al$ is a small, positive constant. Such quadratic skew-products are also called Viana maps. In Papers A and B we show for several choices of the base dynamics and the coupling function that the map $F$ has two positive Lyapunov exponents and for some cases we further show that $F$ admits also an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure. In Paper C we consider certain Bernoulli convolutions. By showing that a specific transversality property is satisfied, we deduce absolute continuity of the to these Bernoulli convolutions associated distributions. In Papers D and E we consider sequences of real numbers in the unit interval and study how they are distributed. The sequences in Paper D are given by the forward iterations of a point $x\in[0,1]$ under a piecewise expanding map $T_a:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ depending on a parameter $a$ contained in an interval $I$. Under the assumption that each $T_a$ admits a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure $\mu_a$ and that some technical conditions are satisfied, we show that the distribution of the forward orbit $T_a^j(x)$, $j\ge1$, is described by the distribution $\mu_a$ for Lebesgue almost every parameter $a\in I$. In Paper E we apply the ideas in Paper D to certain sequences which are equidistributed in the unit interval and give a geometrical proof of an old result by Koksma.

Bandwidth and resource constraints at the server side is a limitation for deployment of streaming media applications. Resource constraints at the server side often leads to saturation of resources during sudden increase in requests. End System Multicast (ESM) is used to overcome the problem of resource saturation. Resources such as storage, bandwidth available at the end systems are utilized to deliver streaming media. In ESM, the end-systems (also known as peers) form a network which is commonly known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. These peers that receive the stream in turn act as routable components and forward the stream to other requests. These peers do not possess server like characteristics. The peers differ from the server in the following ways: (a) they join and exit the system at will (b) unlike servers, they are not reliable source of media. This induces instability in the network. Therefore, streaming media solution over such unstable peer network is a challenging task. Two kinds of media streaming is supported by ESM, namely, live streaming media and on-demand streaming media. ESM is well studied to support live streaming media. In this thesis we explore the effectiveness of using ESM to support on-demand streaming media over P2P network. There are two major issues to support on-demand streaming video.They are: (a)unlike live streaming, every request should be served from the beginning of the stream and (b) instability in the network due to peer characteristics (particularly transience of peers). In our work, late arriving peers can join the existing stream if the initial segments can be served to these peers. In this scheme, a single stream is used to serve multiple requests and therefore the throughput increases. We propose patching mechanism in which the initial segments of media are temporarily cached in the peers as patches. The peers as they join, contribute storage and this storage space is used to cache the initial segments. The patching mechanism is controlled by Expanding Window Control Protocol (EWCP). EWCP defines a “virtual window” that logically represents the aggregated cache contributed by the peers. The window expands as the peer contribute more resources. Larger the window size more is the number of clients that can be served by a single stream. GAP is formed when contiguous segments of media is lost. GAP limits the expansion of the virtual window. We explore the conditions that lead to the formation of GAP. GAP is formed due to the transience and non-cooperation of peers. Transience of peers coupled with real time nature of the application requires fast failure recovery algorithms and methods to overcome loss of media segments. We propose an efficient peer management protocol that provides constant failure recovery time. We explore several redundancy techniques to overcome the problem of loss of video segments during transience of peers. Peer characteristics (duration, resource contribution etc.) have significant impact on performance.The design of peer management protocol must include peer characteristics to increase its effectiveness. In this thesis we present detailed analysis of the relationship between the peer characteristics and performance. Our results indicate that peer characteristics and realtime nature of the application control the performance of the system. Based on our study, we propose algorithms that considers these parameters and increase the performance of the system. Finally, we bring all the pieces of our work together into a comprehensive system architecture for streaming media over P2P networks. We have implemented a prototype Black-Board System (BBS), a distance program utility that reflects the main concepts of our work. We show that algorithms that exploit peer characteristics performs well in P2P networks.

The purpose of this study is to determine appropriate choral literature for the adolescent male. Historically, scholars have focused on the lowering of the maturing male voice into the newly-formed chest register. During the change process, the male voice is unpredictable and can have a limited range. While a vast amount of repertoire for the adolescent male accommodates this downward progression and anticipates the narrow range, most adolescent boys are, in fact, capable of singing pitches above the chest register.Registers will be identified in this study. Discussion will pertain to registration shifts between chest register, head register, and falsetto in the adolescent male. I will investigate the use of the head register, which is a legitimate and vital component in healthy singing during adolescence. I will then compare registration to the historical knowledge of the male changing voice, which focuses mostly on the range and development of the newly-forming chest register.I will apply the concept of registration to choral repertoire taken from the 2005 and 2007 American Choral Directors Association (ACDA) national convention reading session packets. I will identify music that best and least facilitates the use and mixture of head-register and chest-register singing. Music for treble voices in various combinations (SA, SSA, SSAA, etc.) and three-part mixed music (SAB) will be examined. Each category presents a set of advantages and disadvantages for the adolescent male. Specific musical examples will illustrate the discussion. Careful repertoire selection with registration as a criterion is a key factor in unlocking male singing potential during adolescence. Although boys have unpredictable ranges, as it will be shown, registers are constant.

Die Nanoindentation ist ein inzwischen etabliertes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Materialkennwerte Härte und Elastizitätsmodul in kleinen Größendimensionen. Eine zusätzliche Bestimmung der Fließspannung aus solchen Nanoindentationsexperimenten würde deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten deutlich erweitern und zum Beispiel für die Bauteilauslegung kleiner Strukturen, Schichtcharakterisierung und die Beschaffung von Simulationseingangsdaten einen großen Fortschritt bedeuten. Diese Gründe machen das Thema zu einem aktuellen Forschungsgegenstand. In der vorliegenden Arbeit steht deswegen die Bewertung von Fließspannungsbestimmungsverfahren für Massivmaterialien in der Nanoindentation mittels einer Kombination aus Finite-Elemente-Simulationen und umfangreichen Experimentaldaten im Zentrum. Im Speziellen wird dabei das Konzept des effektiv geformten Indenters mit dem erweiterten Hertzschen Ansatz und dessen Anwendung zur Fließspannungsbestimmung aus Eindringversuchen mit selbstähnlichen Berkovichpyramiden betrachtet. Zur Bearbeitung dieser Aufgabenstellung wurden unter anderem drei Referenzverfahren zur Fließspannungsbestimmung (die Expanding cavity-Modelle, das Loading partial unloading-Verfahren und Minidruckversuche) ausführlich charakterisiert. Damit konnten dann im Weiteren belastbare Referenzfließspannungen für die umfangreiche Experimentaldatenbasis zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Außerdem wurden die untersuchten Materialien auf den Einfluss der Größenabhängigkeit der Fließspannungen, den Indentation size effect, hin untersucht. Dabei wurden die vorliegenden physikalischen Vorgänge in den Proben beschrieben, dahingehende Unterschiede bei den betrachteten Referenzverfahren charakterisiert und den Fließspannungswerten die Fließzonendimensionen zugeordnet. Mit den damit zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen konnte das Konzept des effektiv geformten Indenters in seiner Anwendung zur Fließspannungsbestimmung grundlegend bewertet werden. Alle Untersuchungen wurden dabei stets parallel mit Hilfe von Simulations- und Experimentaldaten durchgeführt, um tiefere Einblicke in die zu Grunde liegende Mechanik der Fließprozesse zu gewinnen.

The energy provider in South Africa, Eskom, faces an increasing electricity demand. The need to ensure sufficient supply gave rise to Demand Side Management (DSM) projects scheme. The DSM focus has shifted to the mining sector in South Africa. The large electricity use of the mining sector ensured the need for Energy Services Companies (ESCo’s). The ESCo is contracted to ensure energy savings of DSM projects implemented within the multiple sectors such as mining industry. The mining sector business model has the constant pressure to increase gold production. This pressure to expand has led to rapid expansion plans to increase the gold output for the relevant company. The expansion process and production increase in turn increases the electricity consumption. Compressed air use is a large contributing factor to the monthly electricity use as it is widely used within the mine sector. The implementation of a DSM project on the compressed air ring of an expanding gold mine was the focus of the study. This case study focused on an expanding gold mine within South Africa. The DSM lifecycle was followed to initially determine the DSM saving potential. The possible control strategies were investigated with simulation models and savings calculations. The viable option was to be implemented with a preliminary control philosophy. Results were in turn compared with the initial investigations and control philosophy. The deviations as experienced with implementation were addressed and a potential sustainable control philosophy for an expanding gold mine was constructed. The results indicated, verified Eskom peak clip electricity savings of 2.165 MW of the 2.4 MW target. The energy efficiency component for these performance assessment months was 1.944 MW of the targeted 1.5 MW. The sustainability of the system was proven with production increase on an expanding gold mine. / MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The energy provider in South Africa, Eskom, faces an increasing electricity demand. The need to ensure sufficient supply gave rise to Demand Side Management (DSM) projects scheme. The DSM focus has shifted to the mining sector in South Africa. The large electricity use of the mining sector ensured the need for Energy Services Companies (ESCo’s). The ESCo is contracted to ensure energy savings of DSM projects implemented within the multiple sectors such as mining industry. The mining sector business model has the constant pressure to increase gold production. This pressure to expand has led to rapid expansion plans to increase the gold output for the relevant company. The expansion process and production increase in turn increases the electricity consumption. Compressed air use is a large contributing factor to the monthly electricity use as it is widely used within the mine sector. The implementation of a DSM project on the compressed air ring of an expanding gold mine was the focus of the study. This case study focused on an expanding gold mine within South Africa. The DSM lifecycle was followed to initially determine the DSM saving potential. The possible control strategies were investigated with simulation models and savings calculations. The viable option was to be implemented with a preliminary control philosophy. Results were in turn compared with the initial investigations and control philosophy. The deviations as experienced with implementation were addressed and a potential sustainable control philosophy for an expanding gold mine was constructed. The results indicated, verified Eskom peak clip electricity savings of 2.165 MW of the 2.4 MW target. The energy efficiency component for these performance assessment months was 1.944 MW of the targeted 1.5 MW. The sustainability of the system was proven with production increase on an expanding gold mine. / MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013